光纤光栅在干式空心电抗器固化中的测温研究

采用埋入式光纤Bragg光栅温度传感器,实现了对干式空心电抗器固化过程中各包封层的温度监测。在制作过程中,将温度传感器埋在干式空心电抗器导线外包封表面,连接光纤从电抗器上沿引出。电抗器绕线与包封完成后放入干燥室内固化,监测电抗器各包封层在固化过程中的温度变化。通过监测得到了电抗器各包封温度变化的曲线图,当炉温示值稳定在140℃时,各包封温度低于预期,分布在105~125℃之间,且由外向内逐渐降低。通过对干式空心电抗器固化过程中的温度进行监测,可实时了解并改进干燥固化过程中出现的问题,对保证电抗器的质量及安全具有重要意义。     

超导可控电抗器对云南电网500kV线路电压调节分析

饱和铁芯型超导可控电抗器(saturated core superconducting controllable reactor)是一种超导电力技术研发的新型可控电抗器。与传统电抗器相比,具有体积小、重量轻、效率高、阻燃等优势,在超高压输电系统中对调节电压起着重要作用。通过分析饱和铁芯型超导可控电抗器的原理,利用PSCAD搭建云南电网德宏至砚山500kV输电线路模型,结合实际线路的潮流分布,在线路首端博尚和线路末端砚山投入超导可控电抗器进行仿真分析,比较在不同运行方式下投入可控电抗器前后对两地电压的调节效果,为饱和铁芯型超导可控电抗器在云南500kV输电系统中的应用提供参考。     

干式变压器有限元仿真模型的电磁和振动分析

随着电力需求的逐年增长,干式变压器的数量也在不断增加。干式变压器在运行时存在着振动和噪声的问题,为了对干式变压器振动的规律与特点进行研究,本文建立了干式变压器本体振动的有限元仿真模型,通过电磁分析获得相应的磁场分布,然后利用结构动力学分析得到其本体振动的相关规律。通过对处于运行状态的变压器振动数据进行实测分析,得到变压器振动的特征频率,然后对仿真结果进行对比分析,可以发现振动幅度与频率之间存在的关系。本文的研究结果可对干式变压器的减振降噪研究提供参考。     

具有空心阴极放电特征的射频放电的两电子组模型

 运用两电子组模型，考虑了射频放电中的α过程和γ过程两种电离机制，并结合流体模型，研究了中等气压下窄电极间隙容性耦合射频放电在运行模式转变区的等离子体密度以及电离速率分布等特性。理论研究表明，γ电离过程在高电流模式运行中起主要作用，并证实了此类放电中存在显著的电子摆钟效应，具有类似于空心阴极放电的特征。     

安培力的连续演示法

载流导线在磁场中受安培力的作用是大学物理教学中的一个重要的内容．如果在课堂上加以演示，则会起到加深理解，增强记忆，激发学生学习兴趣的效果．已有的此类演示仪器按结构型式大体可分为三种．一种是导轨型，即将导线水平放置在导轨上并置于磁场中．当通电后，载流导线受安培力的作用沿导轨水平移动一小段距离而停止；一种是悬挂型，即将导线悬挂起来并置于磁场中．当通电后，载流导线受安培力作用离开平衡位置一小段距离而停止；第三种是旋转型即巴罗轮．通电后，巴罗轮可连续转动，它可以让学生连续观察，但要想让其有明显的连续转动…     

极低温散粒噪声测试系统及隧道结噪声测量

介观体系输运过程中载流子的离散性导致了散粒噪声.通过测量散粒噪声可以得到传统的基于时间平均值的电导测量无法得到的随时间涨落信息,因而作为一种重要手段在极低温量子输运研究中得到了一定的应用.极低温环境下的噪声测量是一种难度很大的极端条件下的微弱信号测量,通常需要在低温端安装前置放大器并且尽量靠近待测器件以提高测量信噪比和带宽,因此对放大器的噪声水平和功耗都有严格的要求.提出了在稀释制冷机内搭建的散粒噪声测量系统,以及利用此套系统得到了在mK温区超导隧道结散粒噪声的测量结果.自行研制的高电子迁移率晶体管低温前置放大器采用整体封装,便于安装在商用干式稀释制冷机的4 K温区,本底电压噪声为0.25 nV/√Hz,功耗仅为0.754 mW.通过对隧道结进行散粒噪声测量,得到的Fano因子和理论计算吻合.     

电力系统运行状态下抗高压脉冲干扰评估

在系统运行与不运行状态下,线路绝缘子因高压脉冲而产生闪络和损伤现象的研究结果显示,脉冲干扰和系统工作电压的共同作用将对电力系统带来灾难性的威胁。而在电力系统中,高压变压器是非常重要并且昂贵的设备。本文给出了一些针对变压器在脉冲干扰和系统工作电压共同作用时的试验方法。     

三相电抗器型高温超导限流器的阻抗与动态仿真

三相电抗器型超导故障限流器(SCFCL)由三个同匝数的超导绕组绕在单一铁芯上组成，正常工作时阻抗为零，接地短路时，相当于串联了一个大电感，若发生三相或两相短路，其电阻突然增大；本分析了它在各种运行状态下其铁芯内的磁通变化，推导出了相应的阻抗公式；设计了一个小型样机，并对该样机的进行了动态仿真，其结果与理论分析一致．     

EAST装置失超诊断系统基于DSP技术二次电压补偿设备研制

EAST是全超导托卡马克聚变装置,其极向场和纵场线圈全部采用超导磁体。一旦发生失超,失超保护系统用于确保超导磁体和引线的安全运行。诊断超导线圈电阻电压变化是最直观也是最快捷的技术解决途径,主要难点在于研制高精度的噪声抑制补偿设备,用于抑制实验过程中在诊断信号上产生的大量感应噪声。原先采用模拟电路设计的二次补偿设备存在技术缺陷;而基于DSP技术二次电压补偿设备软硬件结合,大大提高设备精度,通过上位机可以方便实现关键参数与算法更新,经过两年时间,达到初步设计指标,并在近期EAST实验中成功实现并行试运行,下一步升级改造正在进行中。文中主要介绍了数字式二次补偿系统设计思路、补偿原理、以及初步实验测试结果。     

35 kV油浸式配电变压器噪声与振动测试*

配电变压器振动与噪声问题日益凸出，研究配电变压器振动与噪声特性对其振动与噪声控制具有重要意义。本文以一台35kV/800kVA油浸式配电变压器为研究对象，对不同激励电压作用下配电变压器铁心振动、油箱振动以及噪声进行测试。测试结果表明：配电变压器铁心、油箱振动与噪声具有相似频谱特征，均表现出以100Hz、200Hz为主要峰值的频谱特征；随着激励电压增加，变压器振动及噪声水平明显增大；变压器油箱振动值大于铁心，侧面振动水平较高，油箱正面和顶面振动水平略低。测试结果准确的反应了配电变压器铁心与油箱的振动与噪声特性，对于其噪声振动控制具有参考价值。     

Characteristics of film type inductors using a FeZrBAg magnetic material

Two types of double rectangular spiral thin-film inductors with a multi-layer structure of magnetic film/conduction film/magnetic film were fabricated using a Fe_86.7Zr_3.3B₄Ag₆ thin film with high permeability and resistance, in which easy axis of magnetization of the thin-film was perpendicular or parallel to the current direction. The dependence of inductance and resonance frequency on the inductor type indicated that the perpendicular geometry inductor has higher inductance than the parallel geometry one, because spins of magnetic film align more easily along the field direction due to higher field intensity in the perpendicular geometry. However, the increase of the inductance, resulted in the decrease of resonance frequency. Then the effects of permeability of the magnetic film on inductance and resistance of the perpendicular geometry inductor were investigated. The permeability was controlled by annealing the film at different temperatures. With increasing the permeability, the inductance increased, but the resistance also increased due to the increase in magnetic core loss. As the resonance frequency was higher in air-core inductor than in magnetic thin-film core inductor, it is suggested to increase the resonance frequency which is characteristic of the air-core inductor rather than magnetic properties of the magnetic thin-film should be enhanced.     

Rotational stabilization of resistive wall modes by the shear alfvén resonance

It is found that resistive wall modes with a toroidal number n = 1 in tokamaks can be stabilized by plasma rotation at a low Mach number, with the rotation frequency being lower than the ion bounce frequency but larger than the ion and electron precession drift frequencies. The stabilization is the result of the shear-Alfvén resonance, since the thermal resonance effect is negligible in this rotation frequency range. This indicates that tokamaks can operate at normalized pressure values beyond the no-wall stability limit even for low values of plasma rotation, such as those expected in fusion reactor scale devices.     

Model-based parameterisation of a hydrocyclone air-core

An important metric for the accurate control of a hydrocyclone is the diameter of its air-core. Ultrasonic data from a 16-transducer, 1.5 MHz pulse-echo tomographic system are analysed to determine the variation of the air-core diameter with various operating conditions. The back-projection image reconstruction method is not accurate enough for this task. Sub-millimetre accuracy is obtained, however, by applying a combination of signal processing and model-based reconstruction, using the fact that there is a small variation in the air-core boundary position. The findings correspond well to the results obtained from X-ray and electrical resistance modalities.     

同轴介质阻挡放电发生器介质层等效电容和负载特性研究

大气压介质阻挡放电(DBD)可以在常压下产生非平衡等离子体,已经成为热点研究领域.通过脉冲或交变电源激发放电,研究电源输出特性、电源与放电发生器负载间的匹配和外界条件对放电的影响对于理解放电现象和提高放电效率具有重要意义.本文采用Lissajous图形法,分别研究了驱动电压、气流速率等因素影响同轴DBD发生器介质层等效电容及负载幅频特性的规律.结果表明,气流速率和驱动电压等外界条件影响DBD发生器的负载特性:介质层等效电容随气流速率增大而减小,随驱动电压增大而增大;幅频特性曲线均表现出RLC回路谐振现象,谐振频率随气流速率增大而增大,随驱动电压增大而减小.通过对比发现,介质层等效电容随频率的变化曲线与幅频特性曲线具有一致的特征,介质层等效电容是影响电路谐振频率动态变化的主要因素.提出了一种有关介质层等效电容的形成机制.     

Triple quantum nutation in the two-level NMR system in the rotating frame

The authors present the detailed theory and the new results associated with the triple quantum (TQ) nutation and the line narrowing effect of the TQ resonance in the two-level NMR system which we reported previously. The TQ resonance is induced in the spin-locked system by the oscillating field produced by the sinusoidal phase modulation (PM) of the RF field. The theory predicts that the TQ nutation is accompanied by several higher frequency oscillations and we detected them experimentally by improving the detection system. These higher frequency oscillations are due to the fluctuation of the angle between the transverse or effective field causing the TQ nutation and the RF field. We obtain the result that the modulation index 2phim of the PM is the key parameter that essentially controls the conditions of the TQ resonance and the narrowing effect. Under the exact TQ resonance, the ratio of the TQ resonance frequency to the Larmor frequency of the RF field depends only on phim, and the secular part of the magnetic dipole Hamiltonian of a like spin system in the triply rotating frame disappears at a particular value of phim. The condition is different from that of the well-known magic angle condition.     

Properties of index-guided PCF with air-core

In the paper, index-guided triangular PCF with air-core is introduced which guides light by total internal reflection (TIR) when the air-core is smaller than the air holes in cladding. Properties of dispersion and leakage loss are investigated using finite-element method. The total dispersion curve gets more flattened and leakage loss increases significantly as the air-core diameter increases. High birefringence PCF with elliptical air-core is put forward and the birefringence increases with the ellipticity of the air-core.     

开缝压电圆环深海水听器

利用能量法得到了开缝压电圆环水中的谐振频率方程与电导纳曲线;通过构建开缝压电圆环低频接收状态等效电路图,推导了开缝压电圆环低频开路电压灵敏度;比较开缝压电圆环和整体圆环低频接收灵敏度,提出了利用开缝压电陶瓷圆环与溢流结构相结合设计深海水听器的思路;通过建立溢流式开缝压电圆环有限元仿真模型,探讨了开缝压电圆环的低频开路电压灵敏度与圆环结构参数的关系。经过仿真优化,研制了水中谐振频率600 Hz的开缝压电圆环深海水听器。水池声学测试与耐压测试结果表明,溢流式开缝压电圆环水听器在100~300 Hz频段内低频开路电压灵敏度最大值为-193.2 dB,最小值-197.9 dB,起伏-4.7 dB,耐静水压30 MPa;与采用相同尺寸压电元件的溢流圆环水听器相比,溢流式开缝压电圆环水听器的低频开路电压灵敏度提高20 dB;验证了本文提出的采用开缝压电圆环构建深海水听器的实用性。      

X波段脉冲压缩装置的数值模拟及优化设计

 利用有限元方法，通过调节X波段脉冲压缩装置的腔体长度、输入膜片宽度、输出耦合口位置等参量，研究了这些参量对谐振频率和品质因数的影响关系。研究表明：通过微调腔体长度并优化结构参数，可以将该装置的工作频率限制在规定的范围内；输入膜片缝隙由宽变窄的过程中，驻波比由大变小，达到临界耦合后，驻波比又由小变大，且谐振频率略有升高；品质因数与H-T分支的T形输出口的微波泄露密切相关，而该输出口泄露的大小随短路面到H-T分支中线的距离周期性变化。模拟得到的膜片距输出口中线长度为1 133.75 mm，分支中线到短路面的长度为95.25 mm，输入膜片宽9 mm，本征频率为9.387 2 GHz，输入耦合系数为1.15，品质因数为8 000。根据数值模拟结果，优化设计了一套脉冲压缩装置，实测得到的工作频率为9.388 4 GHz，输入耦合系数为1.03，品质因数为5 500。由于该装置输出口微波泄露较大，因此实测的品质因数比模拟的要小一些，这一点可以通过改进终端滑动短路面的调节方式来改善。