MEMS矢量水听器用于潜标系统的可行性（英文）北大核心CSCD

提出将MEMS矢量水听器应用于潜标系统,并进行了大量实验验证其可行性。MEMS矢量水听器是一种新型水下声学传感器,它具有体积小、成本低、一致性高和高灵敏度等优点。将水听器应用于潜标系统,可以大幅降低阵列孔径,进而有效地监测海洋声场的矢量信息。矢量水听器矢量通道的指向性与频率无关,在低频和甚低频同样可以获得良好的空间增益,应用在低频和甚低频领域中,可以有效地解决声纳设备体积庞大的问题。经过对系统样机进行多次室内驻波桶调试和外场湖试与海试,结果表明,该系统能有效检测海底20~1000Hz范围内的声场矢量信号,水听器此时的灵敏度可达-176dB,且具有良好的“8”字型指向性。实验结果证明了MEMS矢量水听器应用在潜标系统中进行海洋声场矢量信息探测的可行性,为MEMS矢量水听器在水下目标探测领域的研究提供了良好的试验平台,并为其工程化应用奠定了基础。     

带加速度补偿的DFB光纤激光水听器

针对分布反馈式光纤激光水听器在用于水声探测时极易受加速度效应干扰的问题,设计了一种双膜片对称结构的光纤激光水听器,对该水听器的抗加速度性能进行了研究.建立了双膜片结构水听器的加速度灵敏度理论模型,分析了水听器各部件的尺寸大小、材料参量与水听器加速度灵敏度的关系,实现了对水听器结构的优化设计;加工制作了分布反馈式光纤激光水听器原型样品,并进行了实验研究.测量结果表明,在2.5~10kHz的频率范围内,该结构水听器的平均声压灵敏度为-132.6dB,波动幅度不大于±0.5dB,加速度灵敏度小于-28dB.该水听器在保证了较高声压灵敏度与平坦的响应曲线的同时,抗加速度性能也得了有效改善,可大大提高光纤激光水听器阵列在运动状态下对远距离目标探测的信噪比.     

聚合物边孔封装无源光纤光栅水听器

报道了一种聚合物边孔封装的无源光纤光栅水听器的研究结果.采用边孔封装结构对裸光纤光栅进行了增敏封装,其静态压力灵敏度提高了17120倍,为光纤光栅的水声探测奠定了物理基础;利用可调谐窄带光源的线宽窄和其波长可调谐的特点,采用带工作点控制的强度调制方案进行信号解调,不仅实现了高精度的动态信号检测,并解决了温度变化对系统影响的问题.实验测量结果表明,所设计的光纤光栅水听器在500Hz频率处的声压灵敏度为-153.3 dB(0 dB=1 pm/μPa),且具有非常好的各向同性指向性,其最小可测声压为61 dB(0 dB=1 μPa/√Hz).     

用于矢量水听器的弯曲圆盘型声压水听器

针对在同振型矢量水听器中有效地复合声压通道的问题,提出一种采用压电双迭片结构的弯曲圆盘型声压水听器。压电双迭片由中心开孔的压电圆片和金属背衬组成,采用弯曲振动工作模式。为提高声压水听器的灵敏度,分别通过理论计算和有限元仿真的方法对双迭片结构进行了分析与优化设计,并制作了一只声压水听器样机用于实验验证。测试结果表明,声压水听器的灵敏度为-157 dB(0 dB re 1 V/μPa),在25 Hz~1000 Hz频带内分布平坦,并具有全指向性的特点。综合理论研究与实验室测试结果,这种弯曲圆盘型声压水听器成功满足了低频宽带声信号接收的需要,达到了复合同振型矢量水听器对声压通道的设计要求。     

聚（偏二氟乙烯-三氟乙烯）压电圆管水听器

提出了高灵敏度压电共聚物圆管水听器设计方法,论述了聚(偏二氟乙烯-三氟乙烯)[P (VDF-TrFE)]材料结构与压电特性的关系,利用解析法和有限元法,分析了多振动模式耦合特性对压电共聚物圆管水听器灵敏度响应的影响规律,仿真分析了圆管水听器的耐静水压特性和噪声特性,与相同结构的压电陶瓷和压电均聚物水听器相比,压电共聚物圆管水听器低频段灵敏度分别可提高20 dB和5 dB以上,研制了尺寸为Φ14 mm × 55 mm的压电共聚物圆管水听器样品,经测试,在10 Hz~1 kHz频段内水听器灵敏度响应达到-181.8 dB±1 dB,等效自噪声压低于零级海况海洋环境噪声,与理论模型结果有良好的一致性。结果表明,该设计显著提升了圆管水听器的低频接收灵敏度,并为其耐静水压性能提升提供了思路。      

光纤矢量水听器指向性测试及锐化技术

光纤矢量水听器是一种新型的水听器,它兼具矢量水听器和光纤水听器的优点。矢量水听器具有自然的偶极子指向性,但是其-3dB带宽为90°,目标分辨能力有限,因此需要对其进行指向性锐化。本文对光纤矢量水听器的自然指向性进行了湖试测定,研究了基于最小方差无失真响应(MVDR)方法的指向性锐化技术,在湖试数据处理中,将其-3dB主波束宽度抑制在20°以内,取得了良好的效果。     

开缝压电圆环深海水听器

利用能量法得到了开缝压电圆环水中的谐振频率方程与电导纳曲线;通过构建开缝压电圆环低频接收状态等效电路图,推导了开缝压电圆环低频开路电压灵敏度;比较开缝压电圆环和整体圆环低频接收灵敏度,提出了利用开缝压电陶瓷圆环与溢流结构相结合设计深海水听器的思路;通过建立溢流式开缝压电圆环有限元仿真模型,探讨了开缝压电圆环的低频开路电压灵敏度与圆环结构参数的关系。经过仿真优化,研制了水中谐振频率600 Hz的开缝压电圆环深海水听器。水池声学测试与耐压测试结果表明,溢流式开缝压电圆环水听器在100~300 Hz频段内低频开路电压灵敏度最大值为-193.2 dB,最小值-197.9 dB,起伏-4.7 dB,耐静水压30 MPa;与采用相同尺寸压电元件的溢流圆环水听器相比,溢流式开缝压电圆环水听器的低频开路电压灵敏度提高20 dB;验证了本文提出的采用开缝压电圆环构建深海水听器的实用性。      

含侧腔的机械抗混叠声低通滤波光纤水听器

报道了一种含侧腔的机械抗混叠声低通滤波光纤水听器.基于电-声类比理论建立了该光纤水听器的低频集中参量模型,画出了声学等效电路图,利用电路分析方法给出了声压传递函数表达式,并对其声学特性进行了理论分析.研究表明,该光纤水听器具有三个共振频率,由于侧腔的引入使得传递函数出现了一个零点,从而加快了第二个共振频率之后的衰减速度,可以获得更好的高频整体衰减特性.在充水驻波罐中对自行设计并制作的含侧腔的声低通滤波光纤水听器进行了测试.在50—7000 Hz频段上,该光纤水听器的声压灵敏度频响曲线与理论结果具有大致相同的变化形式,低频响应非常符合,声压灵敏度约为-140 dB（0 dB=1 rad/μPa）,受低频模型精度的限制,高频响应差异较大.这为解决光纤水听器的高频混叠问题提供了一条简单可行的技术途径. 关键词： 光纤传感器 光纤水听器 声压灵敏度 低通滤波器     

拖曳线列阵用光纤水听器的研究

报道了光纤水听器用于拖曳线列阵的研究结果。在保证光纤水听器声相位灵敏度的前提下, 优化设计了光纤水听器的结构,降低了光纤水听器的加速度灵敏度36dB。实验测得在20-1600Hz 频段,该光纤水听器的相位灵敏度为-162．7dB,频段内灵敏度的起伏为±0．7dB,加速度灵敏度小于-30dB。     

水下回波处理中分数阶傅里叶变换的带通采样实现方法

利用球形压电陶瓷自身所具有的耐压能力,采用径向极化空气背衬压电球壳换能器作为声学接收敏感元件,设计并制作了一种球形耐压水听器。首先对其低频开路接收灵敏度和谐振频率等声学特性进行了分析和有限元仿真,然后对其强度和稳定性等耐压性能进行了分析和有限元仿真,最后对其声学性能和耐压能力进行了测试。测试表明,该球形耐压水听器的直径为36 mm,工作频段为50 Hz10 kHz,低频接收灵敏度为􀀀198:4 dB(0 dB=1 V/Pa),等效自噪声谱级为46.5 dB@1 kHz,其耐压深度可达3000 m。该耐压水听器为大深度水听器设计提供了参考,在深水声学领域具有重要的应用价值。     

一种具有声低通滤波特性的无源零差光纤水听器

报道了一种新颖的具有抗混叠功能的无源零差迈克耳孙型光纤水听器.它由一个普通的芯轴型光纤水听器和一个圆柱型亥姆霍兹共振器构成.在驻波罐中对其声压相位灵敏度频响进行了测量,结果表明该光纤水听器具有较好的声低通滤波特性,能有效地抑制声信号中的高频成分,从而实现抗混叠滤波.该光纤水听器的低频声压相位灵敏度主要由传感光纤长度和弹性增敏层的物理特性决定,约为-159 dB(0 dB=1 rad/μPa).在1150 Hz附近出现了一个共振峰,这主要由圆柱型亥姆霍兹共振器的声学特性决定.1150～2280 Hz频段内的灵敏度衰减率约为50 dB/倍频程,1500 Hz以后的灵敏度衰减量大于10 dB.这对于提高我国未来声纳系统的抗干扰能力具有十分重要的意义.     

基于球形压电陶瓷的耐压水听器

利用球形压电陶瓷自身所具有的耐压能力,采用径向极化空气背衬压电球壳换能器作为声学接收敏感元件,设计并制作了一种球形耐压水听器。首先对其低频开路接收灵敏度和谐振频率等声学特性进行了分析和有限元仿真,然后对其强度和稳定性等耐压性能进行了分析和有限元仿真,最后对其声学性能和耐压能力进行了测试。测试表明,该球形耐压水听器的直径为36 mm,工作频段为50 Hz～10 kHz,低频接收灵敏度为-198.4 dB (0 dB=1 V/μPa),等效自噪声谱级为46.5 dB@1 kHz,其耐压深度可达3000 m。该耐压水听器为大深度水听器设计提供了参考,在深水声学领域具有重要的应用价值。     

Miniature photonic-crystal hydrophone optimized for ocean acoustics

This work reports on an optical hydrophone that is insensitive to hydrostatic pressure, yet capable of measuring acoustic pressures as low as the background noise in the ocean in a frequency range of 1 Hz to 100 kHz. The miniature hydrophone consists of a Fabry-Perot interferometer made of a photonic-crystal reflector interrogated with a single-mode fiber and is compatible with existing fiber-optic technologies. Three sensors with different acoustic power ranges placed within a sub-wavelength sized hydrophone head allow a high dynamic range in the excess of 160 dB with a low harmonic distortion of better than -30 dB. A method for suppressing cross-coupling between sensors in the same hydrophone head is also proposed. A prototype was fabricated, assembled, and tested. The sensitivity was measured from 100 Hz to 100 kHz, demonstrating a sound-pressure-equivalent noise spectral density down to 12 μPa/Hz(1/2), a flatband wider than 10 kHz, and very low distortion.     

DFB fiber laser hydrophone with band-pass response

A distributed-feedback fiber laser hydrophone with band-pass response is presented. The design of the hydrophone aims to equalize static pressure and eliminate signal aliasing of high-frequency acoustic components. Theoretical analysis is presented based on electro-acoustic theory. The experimental results agree well with the theory. The measured underwater responses show that the hydrophone has a pressure sensitivity of -170 dB re:pm/μPa over a bandwidth between 100 Hz and 500 Hz. A sensitivity reduction exceeding -35 dB is observed at 2500 Hz. The tested static pressure sensitivity of the hydrophone is -226 dB. The proposed fiber laser hydrophone of this kind is expected to have important application in deep water fiber-optic sonar systems with anti-aliasing, and the understanding gained through this work can be extended to a guide of hydrophone design for required filtering bandwidth.     

低加速度灵敏度水听器

本文介绍了一种用于拖曳线列阵声呐的压电陶瓷型水听器，我们在提高水听器工作稳定性与可靠性，并确保水听器有较高接收灵敏度的前提下，进行了水听器的结构方案优化设计，以降低水听器的加速度灵敏度，研制的水听器接收灵敏度为－１９３ｄＢ，在２０－１０００Ｈｚ频段内灵敏度起伏为１．２ｄＢ，加速度灵敏为－７０ｄＢ。     

Slotted piezoelectric ring deep ocean hydrophone

Based on the energy method,the underwater resonance frequency equation and electrical admittance curve of the slotted piezoelectric ring are derived.By establishing the equivalent circuit of slotted piezoelectric ring in low-frequency receiving condition,the lowfrequency open circuit voltage sensitivity of slotted piezoelectric ring is deduced.Compared the low-frequency receiving sensitivity of the slotted piezoelectric ring and the complete ring,the thought to design the deep ocean hydrophone is presented,which combines the slotted piezoelectric ring and the free flooded structure.By establishing finite element simulation model of free flooded slotted piezoelectric ring,the relationship between ring structure parameters and low-frequency open circuit voltage sensitivity are discussed.Through the simulation and optimization,the deep-sea slotted piezoelectric ring hydrophone with the resonance frequency of 600 Hz is fabricated.The acoustic and pressure tests results indicated that the low-frequency open circuit voltage sensitivity of free flooded slotted piezoelectric ring hydrophone in work bandwidth 100-300 Hz is-193.2 dB and the least value is-197.9 dB with the-4.7 dB fluctuation.Hydrostatic pressure resistance of 30 Mpa is obtained.Compared with the same structure size free flooded piezoelectric ring hydrophone,the low-frequency open circuit voltage sensitivity of slotted piezoelectric ring hydrophone raised 20 dB.The results verify the practicability of deep ocean hydrophone presented here with free flooded slotted piezoelectric ring structure.     

Pseudo working-point control measurement scheme for acoustic sensitivity of interferometric fiber-optic hydrophones

A novel pseudo working-point control measurement scheme for the acoustic sensitivity of interferometric fiber-optic hydrophones is described and demonstrated.The measurement principle is introduced in detail.An experimental system,which interrogates an interferometric fiber-optic hydrophone with this method,is designed.The acoustic pressure phase sensitivity of the fiber-optic hydrophone is measured over the frequency range of 20-2500Hz.The measured acoustic sensitivity is about-156.5dB re 1rad/μPa with a fluctuation lower than ±1.2dB,which is in good agreement with the results obtained by the method of phase generated carrier.The experimental results testify the validity of this new method which has the advantages of no electric elements in the sensing head,the simplicity of signal processing,and wide working bandwidth.