采用时反和时频差分OFDM的水声语音通信方法

针对水声信道多径、时变、多普勒等恶劣传输特点对水声语音通信的严重影响,本文采用多通道时间反转和时频差分OFDM进行水声语音通信技术方案设计,该方法首先通过多通道时间反转进行时间域和空间域多径聚焦,进而结合时频差分OFDM调制解调抑制残留多径的影响。由于无需采用信道估计和均衡算法,系统实现方便、复杂度低,同时对信道具有一定程度的稳健性。该方法语音压缩编码采用混合激励线性预测编码。仿真实验和海试实验表明了本文方案的有效性。     

Pattern时延差编码四信道水声通信技术研究

本文所研究的是基于Pattern时延差编码（PDS）体制下的水声通信技术.PDS水声编码体制利用Pattern码片出现在码元窗的时延差值进行时延编码,通过码元分割,有效的降低了水声信道的多途干扰;通过频率分割划分四个通信信道,增加通信速率至1000bit/s.在接收端利用带通滤波器来实现通信信道分割,每个信道再应用拷贝相关器实现码元分割并估计出时延差值,完成译码.仿真实验表明,该系统适合于大量不同水声信道高可靠性工作,为水声通信网络化打下坚实基础.     

水声多输入多输出信道的分布式压缩感知估计

多输入多输出技术通过采用多个阵元进行多发多收空间复用信道可在极其有限的通信带宽下实现高速水声通信,但由于同时存在通道间干扰和多径干扰,水声MIMO信道估计变得困难。提出利用MIMO水声信道多径稀疏结构存在的相关性,在经典联合稀疏模型的基础上对MIMO观测矩阵进行重组,从而建立基于分布式压缩感知的单载波水声MIMO通信信道联合稀疏模型;同时,针对信道响应中具有相同多径位置的稀疏部分和特有稀疏部分设计区分性正交匹配追踪算法进行联合重构,进一步抑制通道间干扰的影响。最后通过仿真和海上实验进行本方法有效性的验证,实现16 kbps的MIMO水声通信。通过算法推导、仿真和实验可得到结论:利用MIMO水声信道多径相关性进行分布式压缩感知估计可提高估计性能。     

水声多输入多输出信道的分布式压缩感知估计

多输入多输出技术通过采用多个阵元进行多发多收空间复用信道可在极其有限的通信带宽下实现高速水声通信,但由于同时存在通道间干扰和多径干扰,水声MIMO信道估计变得困难。提出利用MIMO水声信道多径稀疏结构存在的相关性,在经典联合稀疏模型的基础上对MIMO观测矩阵进行重组,从而建立基于分布式压缩感知的单载波水声MIMO通信信道联合稀疏模型;同时,针对信道响应中具有相同多径位置的稀疏部分和特有稀疏部分设计区分性正交匹配追踪算法进行联合重构,进一步抑制通道间干扰的影响。最后通过仿真和海上实验进行本方法有效性的验证,实现16 kbps的MIMO水声通信。通过算法推导、仿真和实验可得到结论:利用MIMO水声信道多径相关性进行分布式压缩感知估计可提高估计性能。      

时频编码水声通信技术研究

时频编码技术是利用信号码元不同时隙的不同频率进行二维信息编码的调制技术，具有较强的抗多途抗衰落能力，已被广泛应用于无线电短波信道和大气对流层散射信道，将其应用于多途效应严重的水声通信领域是一有价值的探索。     

极化编码调制正交频分复用水声通信中的极化码构造方法

为进一步提高水声通信可靠性和频带利用率,针对极化编码调制的水声通信需求和信道特性,基于蒙特卡洛法提出动态水声信道认知优化统计目标参数、联合译码的判决反馈信道估计两点改进,建立了适用于编码调制水声信道中的极化码构造算法。为验证该算法性能,建立了极化编码调制水声通信的两步应用机制。通过仿真,比对并分析改进前后的极化码构造方法性能、对时变信道的鲁棒性,以及在不同映射规则下的联合比特交织和多级编码的极化编码调制水声通信性能,并与低密度校验(LDPC)编码调制系统进行对比。湖试结果表明,提出的极化编码调制水声通信方案有效保证了信息在浅水水声信道中的可靠传输,在信噪比约为14 dB、通信距离约1 km时,实现无误码传输,性能优于相同条件下的LDPC编码调制系统。     

基于水下等离子体的脉冲通信发射机

水下声通信是海洋中最主要的通信方式,在时变空变随机多途的恶劣信道中实现可靠的超远程水声通信,是一项亟待解决的难题。论文提出了一种利用水下等离子体脉冲信号、采用脉冲定宽时序编码调制方案的超远程水声通信体制,研制了一种基于水下等离子体的微型脉冲声源,搭建了基于该声源的脉冲通信发射机,实现了入水自动检测、休眠定时切换、发射频率可调、码元调制编码等脉冲通信功能。经水池试验验证,该发射机在Φ60×600mm体积内声源级达217dB,较好地实现预设脉冲信号的发射。     

基于水声信道传播时延排序的分层空时信号检测

基于分层空时编码的多输入多输出技术是一种极具潜力的高速水声通信技术, 但要实现这种潜力需要复杂的空时信号处理方法, 以抵消来自水声信道的多径干扰和异步到达干扰, 以及叠加在接收端的各层信号之间的干扰. 对低复杂度的空时信号处理方案进行了研究, 提出了一种基于子信道传播时延排序的有序连续干扰抵消信号检测算法, 利用子信道间的传播时延差, 实现可使差错概率最小的最佳检测排序; 给出了利用信道估计, 以极低的计算量确定排序的方法, 从而可以大幅降低信号检测的计算复杂度. 采用低复杂度的单载波频域均衡来抵消水声信道中的码间干扰和异步到达干扰. 仿真结果表明, 基于时延排序的信号处理算法可以获得检测性能的改善, 而且性能增益在高数据率时更加显著. 研究结果表明, 采用有效的信号处理方法可使水声信道中造成信号检测干扰的传播时延成为改善系统性能的有利因素.     

UMFSK水声通信技术研究

在MFSK基础上,本文提出了UMFSK信道编码方法。采用窄带调频和跳频调制技术,故在一定程度上抑制了由多途效应引起的码内/码间干扰;提出了基于UMFSK的实时信道标校技术,可对信道进行稳键均衡,抗信道多途引起的码内干扰。进行了湖试,取得了试验数据并进行了数据分析。分析表明：UMFSK可抑制码元相消干涉引起的码内干扰,其效果随码元调频带宽的增大而变好;信道标校技术可对信道进行稳键均衡,并由于结构简单,可做到实时实现。基于UMFSK的误码率为10^-3（通信带宽2kHz,速率100-150bps)。     

基于循环前缀相关性的水声OFDM信号调制识别方法*

本文研究水声OFDM通信信号与常见单载波水声数字通信信号(MPSK,MFSK)之间的调制识别问题。考虑到水声信道复杂传播特性对循环前缀相关性的影响,本文通过截取信号前后片段并迭代搜索双相关峰进行无需先验知识的水声OFDM通信信号特征参数提取,在此基础上设计了一种基于模糊系统的水声OFDM通信信号识别器。对不同信道条件下海上实录信号数据的识别实验结果表明了本文方法的有效性。     

Properties of underwater acoustic communication channels in shallow water

Underwater acoustic channels are band-limited and reverberant, posing many obstacles to reliable, phase-coherent acoustic communications. While many high frequency communication experiments have been conducted in shallow water, few have carried out systematic studies on the channel properties at a time scale relevant for communications. To aid communication system design, this paper analyzes at-sea data collected in shallow water under various conditions to illustrate how the ocean environments (sea surface waves and random ocean medium) can affect the signal properties. Channel properties studied include amplitude and phase variations, and temporal coherence of individual paths as well as the temporal and spatial coherence of multipaths at different time scales. Reasons for the coherence loss are hypothesized.     

Chaotic modulations and performance analysis for digital underwater acoustic communications

Two modulation schemes, M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) and M-ary frequency shift keying (MFSK), are commonly used for coherent and incoherent digital communications, respectively. Despite wide applications in underwater acoustic (UWA) communications, they are not suitable for confidential applications for their well-known generating processes and signal features. In this paper, two corresponding chaotic modulation methods are proposed to improve their security, namely chaotic MPSK (CMPSK) and chaotic MFSK (CMFSK). By application of chaotic sequences into the modulation procedures, they can prevent the unauthorized receivers from extracting information from the intercepted signals even with high SNR. The confidential performance of chaotic modulations is evaluated by a designed automatic modulation classification (AMC) system. Simulation results indicate a success identification rate of more than 90% for the MPSK and MFSK signal at the SNR from −10 dB to 40 dB, but only an identification rate of nearly zero for the CMPSK and CMFSK signal. Therefore, chaotic modulations have lower available probability and can achieve higher confidential performance. Also, an experiment was conducted to verify the performance of chaotic modulations in actual UWA communications. The experimental results show that chaotic modulations can achieve similar bit error ratio (BER) compared with conventional digital modulations, which verifies potential applications of chaotic modulations in confidential UWA communications.     

M元混沌扩频多通道Pattern时延差编码水声通信

Pattern时延差编码水声通信体制利用信息码元的时延值调制信息，他的抗多途扩展干扰能力与码型种类及码型脉宽有关. 扩频通信可获得扩频增益，可胜任远程水声通信，但其通信速率低是使用受限的重要原因. 提出将扩频通信与Pattern时延差编码水声通信体制相结合，并采用M元扩频、多通道工作方式，构成一种新的适用于水声环境的通信方案，既可获得扩频通信的优良性能，又可提高通信速率. 湖试结果验证了本文提出的M元混沌扩频多通道Pattern时延差编码水声通信方案的鲁棒性及可行性.     

Passive source range estimation with a single receiver in shallow water

An approach for long-range passive impulsive source ranging with a single receiver in shallow water is proposed,which utilizes the frequency spectrum of the warped signal autocorrelation function via warping transform.For an ideal waveguide,there are invariable frequency features both in the frequency spectrum of the warped signal corresponding to modal cut-off frequencies and the warped signal autocorrelation function due to modal interference.These intrinsic frequency features can be used to passive source ranging.So,the approximate relationship between the frequency of warped signal at an unknown source range and the intrinsic frequency extracted by the time warping transform is derived.These rules can be generalized to an actual shallow water waveguide.Employing an acoustic model to offer the invariable frequency spectrum features,the impulsive signal data collected by a single hydrophone in the North Yellow Sea in December 2011 are analyzed to verify the proposed source ranging approach.The estimated ranges are in good agreement with the ranges measured by GPS,and the mean relative error of range estimation is less than 10%.     

浅海中利用单水听器的声源被动测距

针对浅海声波导中远距离脉冲声源被动测距问题,提出了一种利用单水听器接收信号自相关函数进行warping变换的声源被动测距方法。理想水下声波导中,接收信号warping变换输出的傅里叶变换频谱中具有不变性频率特征,即与声源距离无关的各简正波截止频率;信号自相关函数中不同简正波相干成分也存在不变性频率特征;推导了未知声源距离时特征频率提取值与不变性频率特征之间的近似关系式。这些规律可推广到实际浅海声波导,并用于声源被动测距。利用声场计算模型来提供具有不变性频率特征的频谱,对2011年12月北黄海海域水声实验中单水听器接收的脉冲声数据进行了处理,验证了方法的有效性,测距结果和实际距离符合良好,平均测距误差在10%以内。      

High-rate multiuser communications in shallow water

Passive multiuser communications in shallow water previously was demonstrated in the 3-4 kHz band using a time reversal approach. This paper extends those experimental results in three respects. First, a larger bandwidth at higher frequency (11-19 kHz) is employed allowing for the use of various symbol rates (or bandwidths). Second, two different shaping pulses are examined: a raised cosine filter and LFM (linear frequency modulation) chirp. Third, the adaptive time reversal approach with spatial nulling is applied to suppress the crosstalk among users. It is shown that the use of a larger bandwidth is beneficial along with the time reversal receiver which can handle significant intersymbol interference with minimal computational complexity. In addition, adding each user degrades the performance by about 4 dB for the benefit of linear increase in data rate. It is demonstrated that an aggregate data rate of 60 kbits/s can be achieved with a 7.5 kHz bandwidth (a spectral efficiency of 8 bits/s?Hz) by three users distributed over 4.2-m depth at a 2.2 km range in shallow water using 16-QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation).     

利用频域β-warping变换的浅海修正纯方位目标运动分析方法

针对纯方位目标运动分析方法收敛时间较长的问题,提出了一种利用频域β-warping变换的浅海修正纯方位目标运动分析方法.该方法利用频域β-warping变换从声强干涉结构中提取与目标距离成线性关系的时延,进而估计距离特征量,并利用距离特征量推导得到的目标状态向量的线性约束修正纯方位扩展卡尔曼滤波算法。数值仿真结果表明,对于浅海匀速直线运动目标,在信噪比不低于8 dB的情况下,与常规纯方位扩展卡尔曼滤波算法相比,改进算法将距离估计的收敛时间由26.5 min缩短至11.5 min.在浅海水平不变波导远场条件下,该方法可以快速稳定地估计距离特征量,并能够对目标进行可靠地跟踪定位。      

Time reversal multiple-input/multiple-output acoustic communication enhanced by parallel interference cancellation

Multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) techniques can lead to significant improvements of underwater acoustic communication capabilities. In this paper, receivers based on time reversal processing are developed for high frequency underwater MIMO channels. Time reversal followed by a single channel decision feedback equalizer, aided by frequent channel updates, is used to compensate for the time-varying inter-symbol interference. A parallel interference cancellation method is incorporated to suppress the co-channel interference in the MIMO system. The receiver performance is demonstrated by a 2008 shallow water experiment in Kauai, Hawaii. In the experiment, high frequency MIMO signals centered at 16 kHz were transmitted every hour during a 35 h period from an 8-element source array to a wide aperture 16-element vertical receiving array at 4 km range. The interference cancellation method is shown to generate significant performance enhancement, on average 2-4 dB in the output signal-to-noise ratio per data stream, throughout the 35 h MIMO transmissions. Further, communication performance and achieved data rates exhibit significant changes over the 35 h period as a result of stratification of the water column.