INAA for determination of trace elements in bottom sediments of the Selenga river basin in Mongolia

Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was used for the determination of major, minor and trace elements in samples of bottom sediments of the inflows of the Selenga river basin to assess the impact of the contamination from the industrial complex Erdenet and other industrial enterprises in Mongolia. A total of 42 elements (Na, Mg, Cl, K, Ca, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Sr, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Tm, Hf, Ta, W, Au, Hg, Th, and U) was determined by combination of conventional and epithermal neutron activation analysis at the IBR-2 reactor, FLNP JINR, Dubna. For the first time such a large set of elements was used for characterization of the bottom sediments as accumulating media which may reflect industrial contamination of the water basin. The concentrations of heavy metals and other trace elements in the samples from three inflows of the Selenga river basin were compared with data from the previous studies. It was shown that the industrial zone of the Erdenet Mining Corporation (EMC) and gold mining zone Zaamar are the sources of strong environmental contamination. The concentrations of Cu and Sb determined in sediment samples of the River Khangal and Govil near the EMC exceed average crustal rock and soil values by factors of 50 and 15, respectively. In the area of the gold mining zone Zaamar concentrations of Au, As, and Sb exceed crustal rock and soil values by factors of 4, 25, and 6, respectively. The relatively high levels of As, V, Zn, V, and Sr in the sediments of the studied rivers are obviously due to the discharges of untreated wastewater of desalination plant, electrical power station, textile industry and mining activities as well as domestic wastewater.     

天然杂质对黄铁矿的电子结构及催化活性的影响

采用密度泛函理论和平面波赝势方法对含天然杂质黄铁矿的电子结构和光学性质进行了计算,并讨论了二十种天然杂质:钴、镍、砷、硒、碲、铜、金、银、钼、锌、铊、锡、钌、钯、铂、汞、镉、铋、铅和锑,对黄铁矿催化活性的影响.结果表明在过渡金属杂质中,杂质能级主要由它们的d轨道产生,而在主族金属及非金属杂质中,杂质能级主要由它们的s或p轨道产生.含铜、钼、砷、金、银或镍的黄铁矿对氧的还原的电催化能力增强.除锌、钼、钌、砷、锑、硒和碲外,其余杂质能增强黄铁矿表面俘获电子的能力,使光生电子和空穴复合的概率减小.光学性质计算表 关键词： 天然黄铁矿 杂质 电子结构 光学性质     

不同土壤种植下四种柴胡种质药材中常量及微量元素含量的比较研究

采用ICP-AES/ICP-MS技术对7种土壤种植下的4种柴胡种质药材中21种常量及微量元素含量进行了分析测定。综合考虑种质和土壤对柴胡药材中常量和微量元素含量的影响,K,Ca,Mg,Na 4种常量元素含量受种质影响较大,Fe,Cu,Ni,Ti,Cr,V,Zr,Se,Sn,Cs,Cd,Hg,Pb等13种微量元素含量则受土壤影响较大;4种柴胡种质中,以甘肃种质的柴胡药材中常量和微量元素含量较高,中柴1号柴胡药材中常量和微量元素含量较低;在7种土壤种植下,以在北京市延庆县永宁镇盛世营村山地土壤上种植的柴胡药材中常量及微量元素含量较低,而在北京市怀柔区喇嘛沟门乡东岔村土壤上种植的柴胡药材中常量及微量元素含量较高。这些研究结果为了解各自药材中药效成分的含量及其疗效差异起着重要作用,也为选择种质和土壤及栽培出高产优质的柴胡提供重要依据。     

Holstein极化子能带和有效质量的温度依赖性

使用正则变换方法,考察了一维Holstein极化子能带和有效质量的温度依赖性。结果表明,对于一定的电子声子耦合强度,Holstein极化子能带宽度随温度升高而变窄,有效质量随温度升高而增大。特别是当电子声子耦合强度足够大时,极化子能带宽度在很小的温度范围内会迅速地变为零,我们认为这种情况实际上是极化子从能带状态向自陷局域态的迅速转变,这与通常的相变现象有点相类似。当电子声子耦合常数越大时,极化子有效质量随温度的升高而增加得越快。很显然,研究电子声子相互作用,对理解固体的光学和输运等性质将有重要的意义。     

指纹识别技术的发展

指纹识别技术由于具有独特的防伪性、可靠性、方便性、实时性、灵活性、可接受性、安全性和兼容性，因而可广泛应用于公安、保安、机要军事、商业等领域。本文首先对指纹识别技术的技术背景做了较为详细的介绍，包括个人识别和特征识别、指纹识别及其优点、指纹识别的发展历史、其它识别办法的限制、指纹自动识别系统的发展现状等，然后对指纹识别技术的市场前景做了综述，包括指纹锁和指纹卡的潜在应用。总之，随着市场的推动和技术的提高，指纹识别应用领域将会越来越广泛，在人们生活中的作用也会越来越重要。     

星光掩星探测技术的轨道模拟结果分析

星光掩星技术是利用恒星光谱进行地球及其他行星大气痕量成分密度、温度、气溶胶等测量的有效手段。该探测原理主要是根据不同的大气成分在恒星光谱的不同位置上表现出不同的吸收特征,具体表现在:紫外波段可进行臭氧、氧气、氢气等的测量,可见光谱段可探测二氧化氮、三氧化氮、氧气等,红外可探测水蒸气、气溶胶、甲烷、二氧化碳、氧气等。星光掩星的实现过程为:当LEO卫星和恒星分别位于地球的两侧时,恒星发射的光经过地球大气的吸收、散射等作用,被另一侧的LEO所接收,即构成掩星观测。根据光谱流量得到恒星的视星等范围,给出恒星在天球坐标系中的分布和不同的光谱型,以及利用各光谱型可探测的大气成分,再利用恒星和LEO卫星在地固坐标系中的相对位置,进行恒星-LEO星光掩星轨道观测模拟,基本流程为:首先读取LEO卫星的轨道位置以及目标恒星的位置,设置24 h的模拟时间,其次判断是否处于掩星状态,当掩星开始时,计算并输出掩星发生的经纬度、速度等,直至模拟时间结束。其中涉及恒星从天球坐标系转换到地固系的过程, LEO卫星轨道、掩星切点经纬度等的计算。根据模拟流程,计算并分析掩星事件的日观测量、全球分布、持续时间以及漂移速度等,得到以下结果:(1)目标恒星在全天区都有一定数量的分布且具有不同的光谱型,可进行臭氧、二氧化氮等成分的探测;(2)在对星光掩星进行24 h的轨道模拟过程中,日观测量为5 563次,其中包括2 737次上升掩星, 2 826次下降掩星;(3)从全球分布来看,掩星事件主要分布在低纬度,两极最少,其他纬度数量相当,且经度方向分布均匀;(4)根据方位角的分布,正常掩星占比为78.25%,持续时间平均为1.5 min,切点水平漂移在18~600 km;(5)21.75%的侧面掩星事件,其较正常掩星来说,持续时间长,切点的水平漂移速度大,方位角变化也大。该结果为卫星轨道设计和探测载荷设计提供理论指导。     

微波消解ICP-AES法检测动物毛被中微量元素的方法研究

针对动物毛被样品的复杂基质,对样品的预处理方法进行了专门研究,利用民用微波炉代替专业微波反应器,采用微波加热技术,利用试剂的不同特点,分别对试剂硝酸、过氧化氢、盐酸和水的配比及试液体积进行试验,对不同的反应功率和反应进行所需的时间都进行了条件试验的研究,优化实验条件,确定选择HNO₃-H₂O₂-HCl-H₂O酸溶体系,四种试剂配比为8∶1∶1∶5,输出功率360 W条件下加热5 min,进行试样密闭消解处理动物毛被样品,采用标准溶液基体匹配法消除动物毛被样品复杂的基体干扰,利用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析技术,同时检测１８个动物毛被样品的常量和微量元素。该方法经国家人发标准物质GBW07601验证,测得方法相对误差在0.83%～9.59%之间,相对标准偏差在0.81%～5.20%之间,该方法的检出限、精密度和准确度各项检测指标在动物毛被实际样品分析中得到验证,均能满足生物样品检测要求。     

Classical theory of the octonian field

We develop a nonassociative classical theory of the octonion spinor field. We construct the Lagrange function, the field equations, the solutions, the energymomentum tensor, the spin, and the associator, which is a new quantum characteristic. We consider the interaction of the octonion spinor field with the electromagnetic field. We show that, in the case of a massless field, the energy, the spin, and the associator can be measured simultaneously, while in the case of a field with rest mass, only either spin and energy or spin and associator can be measured simultaneously.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 12, pp. 58–62, December, 1986.     

无回热混合制冷剂循环(MRC)液化天然气流程的系统模拟

针对混合制冷循环液化天然气流程的热力学研究进行流程的系统模拟。系统介绍了第一个多股换热器前高低压制冷剂之间不进行回热的典型混合制冷循环液化天然气流程的计算方法;指出了进行此类流程计算时应注意的事项:针对特定的参数进行了全流程的模拟,得到了流程各节点压力、温度、焓、熵、汽液两相流量、总流量、汽液两相摩尔分率;同时得到了流程中压缩机耗功、丙烷预冷量、制冷剂流量、各换热器的换热量等表示流程性能的参数     

NESTOR experiment in 2003

NESTOR is a submarine high-energy muon and neutrino telescope, now under construction for deployment in the Mediterranean close to Greek shores. The first floor of NESTOR with 12 optical modules was deployed successfully in March 2003 together with the electronics system. All systems and the associated environmental monitoring units are operating properly and data are being recorded. The status of the NESTOR project is presented. We outline briefly the construction of the deepwater neutrino telescope, properties of the NESTOR site, infrastructure of the project, the deployment of the first floor, and its current operation. The first data are presented and plans for the next steps are summarized. From Yadernaya Fizika, Vol. 67, No. 11, 2004, pp. 2075–2078. Original English Text Copyright ? 2004 by Zhukov, Aloupis, Anassontzis, Arvanitis, Babalis, Ball, Bezrukov, Bourlis, Butkevich, Chinowsky, Christopoulos, Darsaklis, Dedenko, Elstrup, Fahrun, Gialas, Goudis, Grammatikakis, Green, Grieder, Karaevsky, Katrivanos, Keussen, Kiskiras, Knutz, Korostylev, Komlev, Kontakxis, Koske, Learned, Ledenev, Leisos, Limberopoulos, Ludvig, Makris, Manousakis-Katsikakis, Makropoulos, Matsuno, Mielke, Mihos, Minkowski, Mironovich, Mitiguy, Nounos, Nygren, Papageorgiou, Passera, Politis, Preve, Prybylsky, Rathley, Resvanis, Rosen, N. Schmidt, Th. Schmidt, Siotis, Shnyrev, Sopher, Staveris, Stavrakakis, Stokstad, Surin, Tsagli, Tsirigotis, Tsirmpas, Tzamarias, Vasiliev, Vaskin, Voigt, Vougioukas, Voulgaris, Zakharov, Ziabko. The authors represent the NESTOR Collaboration This article was submitted by the authors in English.     

Use of homogeneous neuron-like media for image processing

A homogeneous neuron-like medium with close nonlocal coupling between the positive center and the negative surroundings is used for image processing. The input image is transformed into a stationary structure dependent on the form of the coupling function and the type of the element's response to external action. Using the idea of plausible activity structures, we can determine the model parameters needed to extract the features of the medium such as the contour, the lines of definite direction, the ends of lines, the central axes of the image, the negative, the points of intersection of lines, the texture boundaries, and the objects of definite scale as well as the parameters that permit reconstruction of broken lines, smoothing of lines, automatic determination of image scales, and binarization of the initial image by a medium with a tunable coupling function.Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 37, No. 8, pp. 1053–1061, August, 1994.     

样品的激光诱导击穿光谱及谱线的自吸收现象

以脉冲Nd∶AG激光器的二倍频输出为激发源,获得了一种家庭用煤的激光诱导击穿光谱(laser induced breakdown spectrum,LIBS)。通过对谱线的归属,发现该煤种除包含文献报道的C,Si,Mg,Fe,Al,Ca,Ti,Na,K元素外,还包含Cd,Co,Hf,Ir,Li,Mn,Ni,Rb,Sr,V,W,Zn,Zr等微量元素,谱图中没有出现对应H和O元素的谱线,把该现象归因于H和O原子的跃迁概率较小,而灵敏谱线对应跃迁的上能级能量较大。同时发现随激光脉冲能量的增加,等离子体发射谱线的强度增大,增加到一定程度,K原子766.493和769.921 nm谱线会出现自吸收现象,自吸收的程度随激光能量的增加而增强,出现明显的双峰结构,把自吸收现象归因于原子大的跃迁概率及激光强度增加引起等离子体中粒子数密度的增大。     

ICP-AES测定铜电解液中的Fe、Ni、Pb、Bi、Sb、Zn和As

利用ICP-AES分析技术,通过对样品处理、元素分析谱线、酸度等因素进行试验研究,综合确定了分析条件,对铜电解液中杂质元素（Fe、Ni、Pb、Bi、Sb、Zn、As）进行了ICP-AES测定。结果表明,ICP-AES测定铜电解液中Fe、Ni、Pb、Bi、Sb、Zn和As,可以满足铜电解生产的需要,为高纯阴极铜的生产起了指导作用。     

基于计算机辅助的医学图像测量与控制方法研究

医学图像常规检查中,需要对目标图像进行测量以获取相关数据。测量主要集中在对距离,面积,角度以及周长等数据的获取。由于医学检测的严谨性,数据准确,方法简便是必不可少的要求。随着计算机技术的发展,其在医学中的应用也得到了广泛的推崇。计算机辅助的医学图像测量不但替代了传统的手工测量方式,也极大地提高了测量的精度与效率。分析医学图像测量算法,针对如何确定目标区域的问题设计了颜色填充的方法,可有效区分出目标区域图像。为了提高该算法的效率,进一步提出了其改进算法,降低了算法执行次数,提高了系统性能。     

Electromagnetic volume scattering in the half-space: a moment-method analysis without Sommerfeld integrals or their approximations

Traditionally, in moment-method analyses of electromagnetic scattering, the elements of the impedance matrix are calculated as convolutions of the basis elements with the appropriate dyadic Green's function. However, for scattering in the half-space, the vertical and azimuthal copolar terms of the Green's function require evaluation of Sommerfeld integrals which are computationally burdensome. In this paper, it is shown that, in populating the impedance matrix for the half-space problem, evaluation of Sommerfeld integrals is, in fact, not necessary. For monochromatic excitation, the plane-wave expansion of the scattered field constitutes a Fourier transform, in the horizontal plane, of a vector spectral function. This vector function results from the convolution, in the vertical dimension, of the respective angular spectra of the Green's function and the equivalent current. On application of the moment method, through the Weyl identity, the impedance-matrix elements corresponding to the singular terms of the Green's function are convolutions in the horizontal plane of spherical potentials, and Fourier transforms of scalar spectral functions. These scalar functions are derived from the basis elements and, with a judicious choice of basis, they are well behaved and of compact support, and consequently their Fourier transforms can be computed as FFTs.     

内蒙古草原拜仁达坝矿区地表土壤的X射线衍射和近红外光谱分析

在内蒙古草原拜仁达坝矿区上部的地表覆盖层中均匀采集土壤样品,用X射线衍射和近红外光谱技术对样品进行分析测试,旨在探讨草原矿区土壤成分来源及其与地下岩体的关系。结果表明,该土壤样品主要由石英、石墨、碳酸盐、角闪石、云母、绿泥石、蒙脱石、伊利石、块磷铝矿、硬水铝石、蓝铜矿、赤铁矿等组成,说明了地表土壤成分不仅来源于地表岩体风化产物,与地下岩体及其围岩蚀变作用更加密切相关。土壤中所含蓝铜矿和赤铁矿主要来源于矿体氧化带,可作为找矿标志;蚀变矿物组合主要为绿泥石-伊利石-蒙脱石,推测该区域大致经历了钾化→硅化、碳酸盐化→绢云英岩化→泥化的蚀变过程。通过分析蚀变矿物组合,可以还原围岩蚀变及物理风化过程,为深部找矿以及矿床成因研究提供了重要的参考信息,提高了找矿的成功率。X射线衍射和近红外光谱技术用于矿物、矿床研究方面,有着经济、快速的特点,能很好的鉴定矿区地表土壤中的矿物成分。尤其是近红外光谱分析技术对样品要求低,可以对样品进行快速批量的分析,具有其独特的优越性。随着近红外技术的发展,其在地质领域中将有越来越广泛的应用,并且能在找矿勘探中发挥重要的作用。     

注射用针剂药物的拉曼散射光谱研究

本文从药品鉴别的角度出发,首先论述了拉曼光谱分析技术并测试了九种针剂药品的拉曼光谱,通过分析讨论相关药品的拉曼光谱得出了几点结论:(1)某些药品的拉曼峰较多,特征峰值较强,频移范围比较广,例如:氟尿嘧啶,依托泊苷,异烟肼,克林霉素磷酸酯。(2)某些药品拉曼峰较弱,或是没有明显的特征峰,例如:硫酸阿米卡星,甲氧苄啶,利巴韦林,葡萄糖依诺沙星,硫酸庆大霉素。(3)在分析频率及其相对强度时发现,在某一频率下正对的峰高和面积较大,则其相对强度较大,例如:氟尿嘧啶,异烟肼,硫酸阿米卡星,甲氧苄啶,葡萄糖依诺沙星。虽然得到的结论还不能满足对药品的品质鉴定,但通过拉曼光谱分析技术在药品鉴别中的应用,给出了一些药品的拉曼特征谱,为药品的鉴别提供了参考依据。可以说利用光谱分析技术对药品进行鉴别是完全可行的。     

Chaos and chaotic transients in an aeroelastic system

Chaotic motions of a two dimensional airfoil with coupled structural nonlinearities, both in pitch as well as plunge degrees of freedom, are investigated via a numerical integration method. The original system of coupled integro-differential equations governing the motion of the present aeroelastic model is transformed into a simple system of six ordinary differential equations (ODEs), rather than the previously frequently used eight ODEs. Complex dynamical behaviors are revealed and identified through the means of bifurcation diagrams, the phase portraits, the amplitude spectra and the Poincare maps. Besides, a more quantitative method, namely that of observing the evolution of the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) is also applied to diagnose the motions. Two peculiar phenomena, namely, long (perhaps super-persistent) chaotic transients, and fluctuating Lyapunov exponents, are observed; in the two such cases the LLE method fails to work. In addition, the effects of various system parameters, namely, the position of the elastic axis, the frequency ratio, the airfoil/air mass ratio, the viscous damping ratios, and the location of the center of mass, on the response of the aeroelastic system, are investigated.     

空间调制微型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪研究

针对目前环境、医疗、空间、气象、军事及安全等领域对傅里叶变换红外光谱仪微小型化、轻量化及固态化的迫切需求,提出并研究了一种以MOEMS多级微反射镜为核心器件的空间调制微型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪。在理论研究方面,建立了空间调制微型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪的物理模型,探究了该系统的光场分割与空间采样的光学原理;分析了多级微反射镜的衍射效应,提出了一种通过补边抑制衍射噪声抑制方法;进行了多级微反射镜采样误差的分析,并提出了基于最小二乘拟合的修正算法;通过对光源空间相干性、准直系统像差以及入射光场均匀性的分析,确定了光学系统的总体设计指标;通过对多级微反射镜基片加工精度、分束器材料色散特性和膜层透射效率等的计算分析,确定了干涉系统的设计方法与技术参数。在核心技术方面,提出了两个多级微反射镜的3种制作方法,分析了制作误差的来源及对系统性能的影响。通过工艺设计及实验条件探索,分别采用电铸法、真空镀膜法以及斜面倾角叠片法制作了两个多级微反射镜。在系统设计方面,进行了红外准直与缩束系统的光学设计,对整体光机系统进行了建模仿真,分析了杂散光噪声的来源。在图谱处理方面,利用过零采样方式,通过图像分割算法,获取了干涉图采样序列;通过对干涉图序列的插值、补零、延拓与卷积方法,完成了光谱相位误差的校正;通过离散傅里叶变换解调,实现了由干涉图像到信号光谱的数据反演。最后研究了系统光机整体的集成组装技术,并对原理样机进行了实验测试。本文研制的空间调制微型傅里叶变换红外光谱仪的特点在于:取消了动镜驱动机构与采样控制机构,具有微小型与轻量化的特点;干涉图的采样由多级微反射镜完成,其空间采样的方式增加了系统的稳定性与可靠性,实时采样的特点增加了系统的快速性与有效性;多级微反射镜阵列采用MOEMS工艺技术制作,增加了系统的采样精度。该光谱仪系统的结构及制作方法具有自主知识产权,并具有广阔的应用前景。     

三峡水库回水末端浮游藻类分布特征及其与DOM荧光特性的相关性研究

为了研究三峡水库库尾水域中浮游藻类的群落结构、组成、分布及其在水库水位定期涨落影响及变化规律,尤其是浮游藻类对库区水质状况的影响机理,选择了三峡水库回水区末端,即重庆朝天门至下游太洪岗约50 km水域的6个代表性的断面,在库区水位由最高蓄水水位稍落的开始阶段,即水华的敏感期2012年3月、4月、5月,采集各个断面水体中的水样,获得了三峡水库末端回水区域浮游藻类的种类、组成及其分布特征的初步信息,并将其与同时段水体的水质参数和溶解有机质(DOM)的三维荧光光谱（EEM）特性的进行了相关性拟合研究。研究结果表明,三峡水库水华敏感期,其回水末端优势藻有属蓝藻门的蓝纤维藻、属绿藻门的小球藻、属硅藻门的直链藻和舟形藻,藻密度分别在0.40～0.56×106,1.9～0.8×106,0.36～0.25×106,0.42～0.15×106 cells·L-1;此外在少数断面鱼腥藻、席藻、刚毛藻、羽纹藻和卵形藻,优势藻密度的变化规律与DOM中类蛋白质荧光峰强度、呈显著相关。为便捷检测水华提供有益参考。