三维层流等离子体射流中陶瓷颗粒的运动与加热

本文对带载气-颗粒侧向喷射的三维层流等离子体长射流中陶瓷颗粒的运动与加热进行了模拟研究,并与忽略载气喷射影响时的结果进行了比较。模拟结果表明,侧向载气喷射所引起的三维效应对颗粒行为有明显影响,陶瓷颗粒在等离子体射流中加热时颗粒内部可能出现相当大的温差,取决于环境参数,陶瓷颗粒表面温度可以高于也可以低于中心温度。     

反向载气注入下等离子体反应器二维数值模拟

本文对有反向载气注入条件下等离子体反应器内的传热与流动特性进行了二维数值模拟.数值计算结果表明,由于反向载气的注入,在等离子体发生器喷嘴出口与载气喷口之间的空间区域会形成一个滞止层,而且该滞止层的位置随着反向注入的载气速度(流量)的增加向等离子体发生器出口移动,数值模拟结果与实验观察结果定性一致.     

高频感应热等离子体中粉末颗粒的运动行为研究

建立了高频电感耦合等离子体炬的二维轴对称模型,利用商用软件FLUENT对钛粉颗粒在纯氩热等离子体内的运动轨迹进行了模拟,研究了前驱体粒径及载气流量的变化对粉末颗粒受力过程的影响。研究结果表明,粒径小的颗粒受炬内回流作用的影响较大,颗粒运动轨迹杂乱,而粒径大的颗粒受回流的影响则很小;降低载气流量可以使钛粉的受热更加充分,使得更多的颗粒被加热至熔化,可提高粉末的球化率。     

颗粒与高频感应热等离子体流的迭代计算

用完全二维自洽模型计算等离子体的速度场与温度场，用颗粒轨迹模型计算颗粒的运动轨迹与加热历程，但在等离子体的连续、动量和能量控制方程中，增加一项由于颗粒直径、运动速度及能焓的变化而引起的源项，计及颗粒的运动与加热对等离子体的速度场与温度场的影响；在颗粒的运动轨迹与加热历程计算中，考虑流体阻力和热泳力对颗粒运动与加热的影响；并在等离子体的速度场与温度场和颗粒的运动与加热之间进行迭代计算。通过对铝颗粒与     

高频感应热等离子体中粉末颗粒的运动行为研究

建立了高频电感耦合等离子体炬的二维轴对称模型,利用商用软件FLUENT对钛粉颗粒在纯氩热等离子体内的运动轨迹进行了模拟,研究了前驱体粒径及载气流量的变化对粉末颗粒受力过程的影响。研究结果表明,粒径小的颗粒受炬内回流作用的影响较大,颗粒运动轨迹杂乱,而粒径大的颗粒受回流的影响则很小;降低载气流量可以使钛粉的受热更加充分,使得更多的颗粒被加热至熔化,可提高粉末的球化率。     

多孔介质内颗粒流动特性及其对传热影响的模拟研究

研究采用CFD-DEM方法结合DEM耦合对流与导热的传热模型,对三维不规则孔隙结构多孔介质内细颗粒与孔隙流体的流动及传热特性进行数值模拟。结果显示,颗粒在流体的裹挟下由静止逐渐加速,多孔介质内部温度场、瞬时流体速度大小及方向随着细颗粒与流体的充分混合及颗粒间的弹性碰撞而发生变化。低孔隙率下颗粒易发生沉积,运动轨迹缩短。小孔隙率加速了由热颗粒引起的热传递过程,孔隙内温度上升较快。随着孔隙率增大,颗粒瞬时轴向和径向速度增大,且流动主要沿轴向进行,大孔隙率下颗粒间法向和切向接触力及颗粒拟温度较低,且对单颗粒运动轨迹有显著影响。     

气管支气管树内气流和颗粒运动的大涡模拟

为更精确地描述真实人体呼吸道内的空气流动,明晰颗粒的运动沉积规律,本文从直接医学CT扫描得到的原始数据出发,利用图像辨识技术,重构了一个男性真人气管支气管树前三级的三维几何模型.采用大涡模拟的方法计算了非规则几何曲面结构内的气体流动现象,并在拉格朗日框架下跟踪颗粒的运动规律.数值计算得到了气流场的三维分布,以及颗粒的运动轨迹情况,结果表明现有基于Weibel的对称模型与真实人体的几何结构有较大的差异,而几何结构对流动影响较大;受非对称复杂结构影响,在不同截面的二次气流速度的分布规律不同;分叉后颗粒进入左右支气管的数量有明显的不同.     

基于代数滑移模型的光催化反应器内催化剂颗粒分布特性研究

针对光催化制氢反应器内液固两相流的特点,运用代数滑移模型,对反应器内的催化剂颗粒-水两相流动进行了数值模拟。采用分块的结构化网格,并运用多重网格方法进行求解。通过与前人实验中压力梯度结果的比较,对模型进行了验证,并最终得到了反应器内催化剂颗粒的典型分布及相应的类型图。     

耗散粒子动力学对颗粒沉降问题的研究

给出了一种耗散粒子动力学方法模拟流体流动的理论及数值模型,包括控制方程组、边界条件、数值计算方法.使用耗散粒子动力学方法编程计算了颗粒在重力作用下的沉降运动,观察到颗粒的质量和所受重力对颗粒运动轨迹的影响,且颗粒质量越小,所受重力越小,颗粒运动所表现出的随机性越强烈.从而验证了所采用的数学模型、计算方法在流动数值模拟中的可行性及潜在优势.     

耦合反应器中化学链燃烧的模拟

基于颗粒动理学和化学动力学理论,建立化学链燃烧计算模型,数值模拟了耦合反应器内化学链燃烧过程,获得了反应器内流场特性和各组分分布规律,并很好地捕捉到了空气反应器中颗粒呈现出的非均匀环核流动结构。模拟结果同时给出了反应器中温度分布规律以及各出口颗粒质量流率和各组分浓度随时间的变化,为耦合反应器的设计优化提供了一定的依据。     

加热功率沉积剖面与氘氚自持燃烧条件的建立

研究了不同的加热功率沉积剖面对托卡马克反应在堆点火启动过程的影响，结果表明，在基本相同的总加热功率下，偏轴加热与近轴加热的效果没有太大的差别，因而较低能量的中性中加热有可能在反应堆中的得到应用。     

Heating of Powders in the Fire Ball of an Induction Plasma

A theoretical model has been developed for the calculation of the trajectories and temperature histories of particles injected in the fire-ball of an inductively coupled plasma. Calculations were made for alumina particles of different diameters ranging between 10 and 250 ?m. The particles were injected through a water cooled probe upstream of the fire-ball. The results shows that the internal plasma recirculation in the coil region is responsable for the bouncing of the particles on the fire-ball. Particles of the order of 10 ?m and smaler are entrained in the fire-ball by the inward radial flow caused by the electromagnetic pumping, and are subsequently completely evaporated. Larger particles, depending on their initial position and velocity of injection, could by-pass the plasma fire-ball, and in some cases, end up deposited on the wall of the plasma confining tube. Particles with diameters larger than 100 ?m were found to pass straight through the fire-ball when injected close to the center line of the torch.     

Time history of diesel particle deposition in cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge reactors

Non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment reactors have recently been developed for elimination of diesel particulate matter for reducing both the mass and number concentration of particles. The role of the plasma itself is obscured by the phenomenon of particle deposition on the reactor surface. Therefore, in this study, the Lagrangian particle transport model is used to simulate the dispersion and deposition of nano-particles in the range of 5 to 500 nm in a NTP reactor in the absence of an electric field. A conventional cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge reactor is selected for the analysis. Brownian diffusion, gravity and Saffman lift forces were included in the simulations, and the deposition efficiencies of different sized diesel particles were studied. The results show that for the studied particle diameters, the effect of Saffman lift is negligible and gravity only affects the motion of particles with a diameter of 500 nm or larger. Time histories of particle transport and deposition were evaluated for one-time injection and a continuous (multiple-time) injection. The results show that the number of deposited particles for one-time injection is identical to the number of deposited particles for multiple-time injections when adjusted with the shift in time. Furthermore, the maximum number of escaped particles occurs at 0.045 s after the injection for all particle diameters. The presented results show that some particle reduction previously ascribed to plasma treatment has ignored contributions from the surface deposition.     

Ignition of single nickel-coated aluminum particles

A thin coating of nickel on the surface of aluminum particles can prevent their agglomeration and at the same time facilitate their ignition, thus increasing the efficiency of aluminized propellants. In this work, ignition of single nickel-coated aluminum particles is investigated using an electrodynamic levitation setup (heating by laser) and a tube reactor (heating by high-temperature gas). The levitation experiments are used for measurements of the ignition delay time at different Ni contents in the particles. The high-temperature gas experiments are used to measure the critical ignition temperature. It is reported that the Ni coating dramatically decreases both the ignition delay time of laser-heated Al particles and the critical ignition temperature of gas-heated Al particles. A heat balance analysis of the levitated particles shows that the lower ignition temperature of Ni-coated Al particles is the most probable reason for the observed reduction in the ignition delay time. Exothermic intermetallic reactions between liquid Al and solid Ni are considered as the main reason for the lowered ignition temperature of Ni-coated Al particles.     

Soda lime玻璃材料中失效波形成和传播研究

 为了研究冲击载荷作用下Soda lime玻璃材料中失效波的形成和传播,通过轻气炮加载平板撞击实验,采用双螺旋锰铜压阻传感器,在一发实验中同时测量4种不同厚度试件背面与有机玻璃背板间界面处的纵向应力时程曲线,根据测量结果得到试件中失效波的传播轨迹。通过改变碰撞速度,对不同加载条件下的失效波形成和传播规律进行了研究,结果表明,Soda lime玻璃材料在冲击作用下产生失效波所需的延迟时间随冲击载荷的增加而减小,失效波传播速度随冲击载荷的增加而增加。最后采用弹性微裂纹统计模型描述冲击载荷作用下Soda lime玻璃的破坏机制,并将模型嵌入LS-DYNA有限元程序中,模拟试件在不同加载条件下的平板碰撞,所得横向应力和自由面粒子速度曲线均可用于表征失效波破坏现象。根据数值模拟结果分析失效波的传播轨迹,与实验测量结果符合较好。     

光学微操纵过程的轴平面显微成像技术

光学俘获技术利用光与物质相互作用产生的光势阱效应来实现对微粒的操控,已经成功应用于生物医学、材料科学等交叉领域.在对微粒进行三维俘获时,传统的宽场光学显微技术只能观测到某一平面内微粒的横向运动,对微粒沿轴向运动的观测受到很大限制.本文将轴平面显微成像技术引入光学微粒操控研究中,利用45?倾斜的反射镜把微粒的轴向运动信息转换到横向平面进行观测,与传统宽场显微成像技术相结合,实现了对二氧化硅小球俘获过程横向和轴向运动的同步观测.该成像方法无需扫描和数据重构,具有实时快速等优点,在新型光束光镊、厚样品三维观测和成像等领域具有潜在的应用价值.     

Modeling and experimental validation of hydrodynamics in an ultrasonic batch reactor

Simulation of hydrodynamics in ultrasonic batch reactor containing immobilized enzymes as catalyst is done. A transducer with variable power and constant frequency (24 kHz) is taken as source of ultrasound (US). Simulation comprises two steps. In first step, acoustic pressure field is simulated and in second step effect of this field on particle trajectories is simulated. Simulation results are compared with experimentally determined particle trajectories using PIV Lab (particle image velocimetry). Effect of varying ultrasonic power, positioning and number of ultrasonic sources on particle trajectories is studied. It is observed that catalyst particles tend to orientate according to pattern of acoustic pressure field. An increase in ultrasonic power increases particle velocity and also brings more particles into motion. Simulation results are found to be in agreement with experimentally determined data.     

聚变等离子体中α粒子的慢化-扩散

本文讨论α粒子在聚变堆中的分布。将α粒子分为高能的和热化的两部分,并引用慢化密度概念,得到了α粒子分布函数所满足的慢化-扩散方程组。对于典型的托卡马克聚变堆参数,在简化的条件下解析地求解了方程组,得到了α粒子的分布和自加热率。最后,比较了用不同扩散系数的计算结果。 关键词：