激光测距仪信噪比与激光发散角最佳值的选取

研讨激光测距仪的信噪比和激光发散角如何选取最佳值的问题。如果信噪比为SNR，激光发散角为θt，则取SNR θt^2最小时的信噪比和激光发散角为最佳值。     

Black Holes Are One-Dimensional

The holographic principle has revealed that phyical systems in 3-D space, black holes included, are basically two-dimensional as far as their information content is concerned. This conclusion is complemented by one sketched here: as far as entropy or information flow is concerned, a black hole behaves as a one-dimensional channel. We define a channel in flat spacetime in thermodynamic terms, and contrast it with common entropy emitting systems. A black hole is more like the former: its entropy output is related to the emitted power as it would be for a one-dimensional channel, and disposal of an information stream down a black hole is limited by the power invested in the same way as for a one-dimensional channel.     

Stochastic resonance in a stochastic bistable system subject to additive white noise and dichotomous noise

The stochastic resonance (SR) in a stochastic stable system driven by a static force and a periodic square-wave signal as well as by additive white noise and dichotomous noise is considered from the point of view of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It is found that the SNR exhibits SR behavior when it is plotted as a function of the noise strength of the white noise and dichotomous noise, as well as when plotted as a function of the static force. Moreover, the influence of the strength of the stochastic potential force and the correlation rate of the dichotomous noise is investigated.     

Improved Uncertainty of Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry Based Length Measurement by Linearizing the Frequency Chirping of a Laser Diode

Length resolution of optical-frequency-domain-reflectometry (OFDR) is improved by reducing the chirping fluctuation of a laser diode. The fluctuation is detected as the frequency deviation of a beat signal from a reference interferometer, which is used as the control signal for servo-control of the laser diode (LD) drive current. As a result of the effective chirping stabilization, chirping span limited-resolution is achieved. In addition, use of a block gauge as the path difference of the reference interferometer enables the OFDR system to improve accuracy of the length as well as the resolution.     

极性超晶格中电子—声子的相互作用

本文在Wendler、潘金声研究双层极性晶体时得出的声子振动极化场所满足的微分、积分方程及归一化条件的基础上,讨论周期性排列的层状极性晶体中声子振动极化场所满足的微分、积分方程,得到了SO声子的色散关系,SO声子和LO声子极化强度矢量.用声子产生、湮灭算符表出了声子振动能量及电子—声子的相互作用哈密顿量.     

Hypergeometric solution of the Stark-ladder effect in crystals

The motion of electrons in a crystal subjected to a linear electric field is studied by means of the molecular orbital method. The field perturbation of the resonance integrals, as well as the Coulomb ones, results in the Schroedinger equation being expressed as a hypergeometric difference equation, whose solution gives rise to the well-known Stark-ladder picture of the tilted energy band. It is found that the part played by the resonance integral perturbation is just as important as that of the Coulomb integral perturbation and, therefore, cannot be neglected as in earlier investigations.     

红外目标仿真光学机构

论述了目标仿真机构的用途、仿真的光学原理以及实现原理的光学系统。对其中的两个光学问题的研究作了详细地论述 ,即干扰光路 2倍于目标光路的视场角以及如何由摆镜的摆动实现。由于析光镜与光轴成 45°角 ,使像点在子午方向被拉长约为弧矢方向的 10倍。为了减少子午像差 ,将两块析光镜作成略带楔角的楔形镜。结果表明 ,由于该机构的尾焰、尾喷管用的是同一条光路 ,所以使结构大为简化 ,这对降低转动惯量非常有利 ;由于有干扰弹仿真 ,使机构的功能得到了扩大     

Universal record statistics of random walks and Lévy flights

It is shown that statistics of records for time series generated by random walks are independent of the details of the jump distribution, as long as the latter is continuous and symmetric. In N steps, the mean of the record distribution grows as the sqrt[4N/pi] while the standard deviation grows as sqrt[(2-4/pi)N], so the distribution is non-self-averaging. The mean shortest and longest duration records grow as sqrt[N/pi] and 0.626 508...N, respectively. The case of a discrete random walker is also studied, and similar asymptotic behavior is found.     

Multiple pure tone noise prediction

This paper presents a fully numerical method for predicting multiple pure tones, also known as “Buzzsaw” noise. It consists of three steps that account for noise source generation, nonlinear acoustic propagation with hard as well as lined walls inside the nacelle, and linear acoustic propagation outside the engine. Noise generation is modeled by steady, part-annulus computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. A linear superposition algorithm is used to construct full-annulus shock/pressure pattern just upstream of the fan from part-annulus CFD results. Nonlinear wave propagation is carried out inside the duct using a pseudo-two-dimensional solution of Burgers? equation. Scattering from nacelle lip as well as radiation to farfield is performed using the commercial solver ACTRAN/TM. The proposed prediction process is verified by comparing against full-annulus CFD simulations as well as against static engine test data for a typical high bypass ratio aircraft engine with hardwall as well as lined inlets. Comparisons are drawn against nacelle unsteady pressure transducer measurements at two axial locations as well as against near- and far-field microphone array measurements outside the duct.     

Exploding wires in air and vacuum

An apparatus for studies of wire explosions in air at atmospheric as well as reduced pressures is described. A theoretical treatment of the discharge circuit is presented. In this treatment the external resistance and inductance as well as the wire inductance (all as functions of time) have been taken into consideration. It is then possible to calculate the wire variables — current, resistance, resistive voltage drop, effect, and energy input — as functions of time from thedI/dt waveform experimentally obtained. Wire variables of Ni- and W-wires exploded both in air and vacuum are presented as well as a discussion of these.     

导热优化:热耗散与最优导热系数场

本文讨论了通过重新布置场内的导热系数分布来强化热传导的导热优化问题。针对边界上传热量一定的任意几何区域的稳态导热,在全场的导热系数积分为定值的条件下,以最小热耗散作为目标,利用变分方法导出了导热优化的基本准则;导热系数与局部热流密度成正比。该准则指导下的导热优化过程可获得热耗散最小的导热系数分布。实例证明了该方法是有效且合理的。     

Linearized analog photonic links based on a dual-parallel polarization modulator

A linearized analog photonic link (APL) is proposed based on an integratable electro-optic dual-parallel polarization modulator (DPPolM), which consists of two polarization beam splitters and two polarization modulators (PolMs). Theoretical analysis shows that the APL is potentially free from the third-order nonlinear distortion if a polarization controller placed before the DPPolM is carefully adjusted. A proof-of-concept experiment is carried out. A reduction of the third-order intermodulation components as high as 40 dB and an improvement of the spurious-free dynamic range as large as 15.5 dB is achieved as compared with a single PolM-based link. The DPPolM-based APL is simple, compact, and power efficient since it requires only one laser, one modulator, and one photodetector.     

显微成像检测表面粗糙度

介绍了用显微成像检测表面粗糙度的方法。该方法具有直观，操作简单，速度快，非接触无损伤，自动检测等优点。显微成像检测表面粗糙度的原理为：被检测表面通过显微放大，由ＣＣＤ作为接收器，经图像采集卡和微机进行数据采集与处理，计算后得到相应的粗糙度。这种方法用于机械加工表面，喷涂等表面检测，对电化学处理表面，指纹，皮肤，细胞等细微结构的检测更具有优越性。     

980 nm 垂直腔面发射激光器低欧姆接触电阻制备

研究了980 nm的垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)欧姆接触技术.降低VCSEL的欧姆接触电阻,可有效地提高VCSEL的输出功率和延长其可靠性.P面采用高掺杂的P-GaAs/Ti/Pt/Au系统,N面采用N-GaAs/Ge/Au/Ni/Au系统,通过优化合金温度,得到了最佳优化合金温度为440 ℃,最低欧姆接触电阻值为0.04 Ω,同时对比了440 ℃和450 ℃器件的输出功率和转换效率之间的对比关系.测试结果表明,440 ℃器件的欧姆接触电阻0.04 Ω,峰值波长980.1 nm,光谱的半高宽0.8 nm,平行发散角θ_‖ 15.2°,垂直发散角θ_⊥ 13.5°,输出功率1.4 W,转换效率最大值为14.4%,而450℃的器件欧姆接触电阻为0.049 Ω,输出功率为1.3 W,转换效率为12.8%.通过优化合金温度能有效地降低980 nm的VCSEL欧姆接触电阻.     

Thermal modelling of laser welding and related processes: a literature review

The main emphasis of this review is on thermal modelling and prediction of laser welding in metals. However as similar techniques are employed to model conventional welding processes such as arc, resistance and friction, as well as related processes such as alloying, cladding and surface hardening, part of this review is given over to the modelling of these processes where appropriate. The time frame of the review is up to the year 2002.     

扫描探针声显微镜轻敲模式中相位像的反差机理

根据扫描探针声显微镜(SPAM)轻敲工作模式中探针作周期振动的特点,以及在探针与试样相接触过程中激振力和悬臂探针自由振动的阻尼力很小的假设下,解析求解了探针与试样的碰撞运动方程,得到了最大压痕深度和碰撞时间与探针半径、等效杨氏模量以及界面吸附能等之间的关系式,较直观地说明了SPAM中轻敲模式的相位像反差机理:信号的相位与试样微区的性质、探针振幅、设置点以及试样形貌等有关。并定量预计了纳米金刚石像中的相位差值72.59°,与实验测量平均值73.2°±8.2°一致。同时,合理地解释了实验得到的光学薄膜试样相位像的反差。这些表明SPAM轻敲模式的相位成像是一种纳米分辨率测量材料表面物理性质的成像技术。      

Dynamic speckle effect induced by an acousto-optic deflector for fast range sensing

A technique for fast distance measurements based on continuous frequency measurements of the power modulation of spatially filtered scattered light is proposed. For what is to our knowledge the first time, it is shown that the technique works when laser beam scanning is performed with an acousto-optic deflector. The most impressive feature of the proposed technique is that it works at very high scanning speed, providing an extremely fast response time. Experimental verification of the technique is demonstrated at a scanning speed as as high as 130 m/s. The proposed method of range sensing allows the design of a distance sensor possessing a response time as fast as 80 ns.     

Nearfield binaural synthesis and ambisonics

Ambisonic encodings can be rendered binaurally, as well as for speaker arrays. This process is developed for general high-order Ambisonic encodings of soundfields containing near as well as far sources. For sufficently near sources an error is identified, resulting from the limited field of validity of the freefield harmonic expansion. A modified expansion is derived that can render such sources correctly.     

Highly efficient mode-locked Yb:Sc2O3 laser

Passive mode locking of the Yb:Sc2O3 laser is demonstrated. We investigate the laser performance with Ti:sapphire and diode-laser pumping. The laser is mode locked by use of a semiconductor saturable-absorber mirror and emits as much as 0.8 W of power in the picosecond range with a pump efficiency as high as 47%. With dispersion compensation, pulses as short as 230 fs for an average power of 0.54 W are obtained at 1044 nm. This is, to our knowledge, the first femtosecond oscillator based on an Yb-doped sesquioxide crystal.