创新和改进实验仪器优化物理教学倡--用旋转的液体探究安培力实验

本文就如何创新和改进实验仪器，优化物理教学提出一些观点，针对通常（教科书所述）安培力实验的缺陷，设计了一个用旋转的液体进行安培力的实验。     

基于旋转液体实验仪对折射率与温度关系的探究

利用FB805型旋转液体实验仪，设计出一种较为简洁的测量方法，探究激光光线在同一介质中折射率随温度变化的规律。该方法能够直观且实时地获取不同温度下液体的折射率，继而获得温度与折射率的关系(温度范围为27.5～80℃)。通过对实验操作、实验数据收集处理以及误差分析，为日后仪器改进和进一步探究提供思路。     

旋转液体综合实验设计

提出了一种根据旋转液体特性用光学方法测量重力加速度和液体黏度的综合实验设计方案,该实验已作为开放、设计性实验内容在教学中应用．     

利用光的反射原理讲解旋转液体抛物液面的焦距与转速的关系

本文利用几何光学的反射原理,以一种较为直观的方法对旋转液体抛物液面的焦距与转速之间的定量关系进行了理论推导,一定程度上为同学们深入理解该实验的基本原理提供了帮助。同时,在实验室现有的旋转液体综合实验仪的基础上,对旋转液体抛物液面焦距的测量方法进行了优化,并对不同转速条件下液体抛物液面的焦距进行了实验测量;同时利用拟合曲线图的形式,对旋转液体抛物液面焦距的实验测量值和理论计算值进行了比较,结果表明实验测量值和理论计算值具有很好的吻合性。     

落球法测液体黏度实验的改进

落球法测液体黏度的实验中,通过对实验仪器进行设计与改进,消除小球进入液体的水平速度,并采用录像和Vegas等软件进行测量分析小球下落速度,从而减少实验系统误差,提高了液体粘滞系数测量精确度。     

RL-1型旋转液体特性研究实验的改进方法

旋转液体特性研究实验是大学物理实验中典型的综合实验项目之一,本文通过进一步优化现有的RL-1型旋转液体实验仪的设计,解决了两种重力加速度测量方法中存在的旋转液面特征点高度测量不准和反射点位置判断不清的问题,较大地提高了测量精确度,达到了理想的实验效果。     

液体表面张力系数测量装置的改进

对用力敏传感器测量液体表面张力系数仪器进行研究,重新设计了吊环,便于吊环的水平调节,对待侧液体表面均匀下降的方法和实验装置做了重新设计,减小了实验误差,同时增加了待测液体的变温控制,能够精确测量液体表面张力系数与温度的关系,扩充了实验内容.     

基于旋转液体特性实验的激光双次反射法测重力加速度

旋转液体特性实验是大学物理实验中典型的综合实验项目,本文利用激光束在旋转液体表面的双次反射时的特性,确定了测量重力加速度的新方法。通过对比实验发现,本设计减少了原有单次激光反射测量重力加速度时的物理量数目,并有效提高了测量结果的精确度。     

洛伦兹力可视化演示仪

对传统的"旋转的液体"的实验装置进行了改进.实验装置中水槽里的饱和食盐水中的带电粒子在径向电场作用下获得沿半径方向的运动速度,此时在水槽下方加磁铁,在的作用下,液体受到沿着同心圆切向方向的洛伦兹力作用旋转起来,旋转的液体带动自制的"木马"旋转,即可实现无需投影直观观察液体的旋转实验.     

新型旋转液体实验——介绍一个研究性物理实验

介绍一种新型旋转液体实验，可以观察离心力现象，测量重力加速度，研究由旋转液体表面所形成的光学系统中焦距与角速度ω的关系，并观察该系统成像与转速的关系。     

Spontaneous development of rotating inertial gravity wave inside the cylindrical tank with combined in- and outflow

A new phenomenon of the spontaneous development of the rotating inertial gravity wave inside the rigid cylindrical tank has been observed. The experimental set-up combines both the inflow and outflow. Three regimes of the flow inside the tank have been disclosed for the fixed rate of the liquid height change: a) nonrotating flow, b) nonrotating flow with the ripple localized to the tank’s wall, and c) emergence of the rotating inertial gravity wave. The rotating inertial gravity wave forces the fluid to rotate in the opposite direction. Each of these regimes is realized in some ranges of the outlet diameters and liquid heights, and the maps of these regimes are established.     

A rotating probe for measuring the inhomogeneity of a magnetic field

The theory is given of a rotating probe for measuring the inhomogeneity of a magnetic field. The design of the instrument and its calibration are described, giving its sensitivity and some methods of use such as the measurement of saturation magnetization, the Curie point and hysteresis loops.     

一种实验室专用浸没式管式陶瓷电阻液体加热器

管式陶瓷电阻作为一种电阻元件都是用于电子电路之中。将其作一定技术处理后,专用于实验室中的液体加热,收到极好的效果。该加热器已获国家专利授权。     

三相异步电动机旋转磁场显示仪

采用RC低频振荡器，通过降低交流电的频率，设计了三相异步电动机旋转磁场显示仪，实现了三相异步电动机旋转磁场的可视化．     

器壁旋转模式下液体平衡状态的分析

基于器壁带动液体旋转稳定后形成的抛物面,推导出器壁斜率为K(K≠0)时的恒等式.得出K→∞时,随着转速增加,液位的变化是无限的,液位的上升高度与下降深度恒相等,旋转抛物体与同底同高圆柱体积关系为定值;当K>0时,容器为上大下小的圆筒,旋转抛物面导致的液位变化是有限的,存在的极限值为√3+1,当液体旋转角速度超过临界角速度时,旋转液面分为中部的抛物面和边缘增长的水膜两部分.     

利用旋转液体特性测量液体折射率

在XY-1型旋转液体实验仪的圆柱形容器底部加装了圆形平面镜,利用旋转液体的几何特性和折射定律,即可测量液体的折射率.     

Effect of baffle on gravity-gradient-excited slosh waves and spacecraft moment and angular-momentum fluctuations in microgravity

Summary The dynamical behavior of fluids affected by the asymmetric gravity gradient acceleration has been investigated. In particular, the effects of surface tension on partially filled rotating fluids applicable to a full-scale Gravity Probe-B Spacecraft dewar tank with and without baffles are studied. Results of slosh wave excitation along the liquid-vapor interface induced by gravity gradient acceleration indicate that the gravity gradient acceleration is equivalent to the combined effect of a twisting force and a torsional moment acting on the spacecraft. The results are clearly seen from one-up one-down and one-down one-up oscillations in the cross-section profiles of two bubbles in the vertical (r, z)-plane of the rotating dewar, and from the eccentric contour of the bubble rotating around the axis of the dewar in a horizontal (r, θ)-plane. As the viscous force, between liquid and solid interface, greatly contributes to the damping of slosh wave excitation, a rotating dewar with baffles provides more areas of liquid-solid interface than that of a rotating dewar without baffles. Results show that the damping effect provided by the baffles reduces the amplitude of slosh wave excitation and lowers the degree of asymmetry in liquid-vapor distribution. Fluctuations of angular momentum and fluid moment caused by the slosh wave excited by gravity gradient acceleration with and without baffle boards are also investigated. It is also shown that the damping effect provided by the baffles greatly reduces the amplitudes of angular momentum and fluid moment fluctuations.     

Driving algorithms for an endless polarization controller using two wave-plates

We present in this paper an endless polarization controller using two wave-plates with rotating axes and variable birefringence. We demonstrate the characteristics of the polymer network liquid crystal wave-plate and a polarization control method with only two degrees of freedom. Finally, some experimental attempts toward endless polarization control have been performed.