基于光强与吸收率非线性同步拟合的吸收光谱测量方法

针对高压环境吸收谱线加宽以及波分复用技术合波透射信号分析测试难题,提出利用非线性拟合方法对激光吸收光谱测量中激光强度与吸收光谱进行耦合求解.建立激光强度非线性变化与多谱线吸收拟合函数关系,解决了特殊环境下无法获取光谱基线的难题,实现了波分复用过程合波后光谱信号的分离与诊断.通过仿真验证该方法的可行性,分析计算了激光器特性和特征谱线位置等因素对拟合结果的影响.搭建实验台实现了1—10 atm变压力环境下6330—6337 cm~(-1)波段CO_2吸收光谱叠加信号的诊断分析,对气液两相脉冲爆轰过程中7185.6 cm~(-1)与7444.35 cm~(-1)波段波分复用光谱信号进行测试与拟合,无需分光设备实现了耦合光路分离和温度计算,研究结果对激光吸收光谱技术在高压环境以及燃烧环境下波分复用技术的发展具有重要意义.     

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术光信号相关法氨气浓度流速同时测量

利用可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术结合光信号相关技术可以实现气体浓度和流速的同时在线测量。文章首先介绍了气体浓度与流速测量的基本原理,然后对在近红外通讯波段附近的NH₃吸收谱线进行分析,并从中选取适合测量的目标谱线,并进行了相应的计算分析。在常温常压下内径为0.016 m长度为1 m的管道内,利用流量计配制出不同浓度以及不同流速的NH₃和N₂混合气体进行相关的试验。利用线宽为15 MHz,可连续调谐范围为1 cm-1的激光二极管对位于6 548.7 cm-1处的NH₃吸收谱线进行快速扫描,采用直接吸收计算的方法测量得到实时气体吸收信号并计算出气体浓度。同时利用非介入式的光信号相关法,通过布置在管道上下游两个探测器探测到的NH₃浓度信号间的相关性,计算得到NH₃气体从上游到下游的渡越时间,进而计算出气体流速。计算得到的NH₃气体浓度值和流速值与流量计标定值之间相比,其相对误差分别在7%和10%之内。测量系统响应迅速,抗干扰能力强,测量结果重复性好,适用于恶劣的现场测量环境,具有很广的工业应用前景。     

Up to 30 mW of broadly tunable CW green-to-orange light, based on sum-frequency mixing of Cr:forsterite and Nd:YVO4 lasers

Efficient generation of continuous-wave (CW) tunable light in the yellow region is reported. The method is based on sum-frequency mixing of a tunable Cr⁴⁺:forsterite laser with a Nd:YVO₄ laser. A periodically poled lithium niobate crystal was placed intra-cavity in a Nd:YVO₄ laser, and the Cr⁴⁺:forsterite laser was single-passed through the non-linear media. With this setup, it was possible to generate up to 3 mW of yellow light smoothly tunable from 573 to 587 nm. This is the highest output demonstrated to date for a tunable diode pumped solid-state CW laser in this wavelength region. The ways to improve the efficiency further are discussed.     

基于多谱线吸收光谱技术的脉冲爆轰发动机管外流场测试研究

根据时-空守恒元算法得到的脉冲爆轰发动机管外流场分布结果,针对燃气流场分布进行了重建模型假设,给出了一种基于多谱线吸收光谱技术的爆轰发动机管外流场燃气参数测试方法,并对重建模型偏差及计算方法误差进行了仿真研究。针对80 mm口径无阀式气液两相连续脉冲爆轰发动机设计搭建了爆轰燃气管外流场测试系统,通过10 kHz高频扫描四条H₂O吸收谱线采用直接吸收法结合时分复用技术同时对爆轰燃气流场进行扫描测试,实现了脉冲爆轰发动机管外流场的在线监测,并通过多点同时测试首次对管外流场燃气温度分布进行了重建,验证了测试方法的可行性。本研究为拓展激光吸收光谱技术应用于爆轰领域全方面诊断提供了实验支撑,对推进爆轰机理研究、爆轰噪声影响因素及噪声控制研究具有重要意义。     

基于波长调制光谱技术的线宽测量理论及其应用研究

气体吸收谱线的线宽主要包括碰撞作用引起的洛伦兹线宽和分子热运动引起的高斯线宽, 是可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS)的重要参数. 本项研究在弱吸收条件下, 通过对波长调制法中二次与四次谐波峰值比进行理论分析和仿真计算, 发现无论洛伦兹和高斯线宽如何变化, 二次和四次谐波峰值比具有恒过不动点的特征. 本文基于该不动点提出了一种线宽在线测量的方法, 并以CO₂分子6982.0678 cm^-1 吸收谱线为例进行实验验证. 实验结果表明, 该方法可以精确测量线宽, 进而根据测量得到的线宽确定气体分压和总压, 可有效地提高TDLAS技术在工业现场中的测量精度.     

利用可调谐激光吸收光谱技术对光路上气体温度分布的测量

利用可调谐激光吸收光谱技术(TDLAS),扫描多条吸收谱线以实现气体温度分布的测量。文章给出了温度分布测量的原理和方程离散化的方法,在气体浓度和压力均匀时,利用带约束最小二乘法计算得到温度分布。根据HITRAN中6 330 cm-1附近的4条CO谱线的参数,建立了温度在300和600 K时,路径长度均为55 cm的两段温度分布模型,模拟了测量误差与温度区间长度约束条件的影响。结果表明随着测量误差的增大和约束条件的减弱,计算结果误差相应增大。在5％的测量误差下,计算结果的最大误差为11％,平均误差为2.2％。以管式炉中的高温段和室温下的低温段作为两段温度分布模型进行试验。利用6 330 cm-1处的垂直腔面发射激光二极管(VCSEL)扫描得到的4条CO谱线,通过背景信号的三次多项式拟合得到基线,求出温度分布计算所需的光谱吸收率积分值。在四种情况下, 计算温度分布结果与模型误差分别为7.3％,6.5％,4.7％和2.7％。     

Investigation of the nonlinear optical properties of metamaterials by second harmonic generation

The development of a laser absorption spectroscopy sensor system has been described for measurement of two-dimensional (2D) integrated absorbance linear density and temperature distributions. The system incorporates a tunable distributed feedback (DFB) diode laser at 1391.67 nm and a scanning mirror mounted on a moveable carriage, whilst a photodetector and a second scanning mirror are mounted on another moveable carriage. Both carriages move independently along a circular rail with a diameter of 97 cm. The positions of the carriages and the scanning mirrors are controlled by a program via four servomotors. The laser wavelength is scanned over H₂O absorption transitions for 11 fan beam projections from five equally spaced points around the circle. 2D images of the integrated absorbance linear density due to water molecules influenced by two heaters were obtained using the algebraic reconstruction technique (the Kaczmarz method). The derived temperature distribution compared well with thermocouple measurements. The experimental results demonstrate that the system based upon a tunable laser absorption sensor can be used for monitoring the 2D distribution of chemical species and temperature in various reactive flow applications.     

基于吸收光谱法的CO_(2)正压测量技术分析北大核心CSCD

为了研究可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术在气体检测过程中,正压条件下的相邻谱线影响问题,建立基于积分吸光度的压力测量模型。以CO_(2)为研究对象,在室温、高纯度条件下进行了范围为(1~2)atm的压力测量仿真和实验。实验结果显示:随着压力的增大,相邻吸收谱线相互影响程度加剧,吸光度曲线偏离零基线的程度加大;实验测量结果在1.25 atm处最大相对偏差为4.94%,在2.00 atm处最小相对偏差为0.73%,平均相对偏差为3%。     

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术应用于平面火焰中气体浓度二维分布重建的研究

研究了可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术实现气体浓度二维分布测量的方法,探索了重建气体浓度二维分布的模型和算法,并采用数值模拟的方式对重建程序进行了可行性验证。搭建了由24束激光束构成的场参数测量系统,以甲烷/空气预混火焰中H₂O为测量对象,运用重建程序重建了火焰中H₂O浓度的二维分布,实验结果分析表明,重建结果较真实的反应了火焰中H₂O浓度的二维分布状态,为实现优化燃烧控制提供重要数据。     

利用光频梳提高台阶高度测量准确度的方法

提出一种利用光频梳和可调谐半导体激光器提高台阶高度测量准确度的方法. 通过将可调谐激光器锁定至光频梳,可对激光器的输出波长进行精确锁定与测量.基于可调合成波长链原理,利用锁定后的半导体激光器构建了一套台阶高度测量方案,该方案可消除合成波长误差对台阶高度测量不确定度的影响. 采用一台可调谐半导体激光器和光频梳进行了5000 s的连续锁定实验, 结果表明,锁定后的可调谐半导体激光器的频率稳定度达 1.8×10^-12.该方法的理论测量不确定度约为7.9 nm, 且测量结果可溯源至时间频率基准.     

提高激光抽运铯原子磁力仪灵敏度的研究

本文报道了一种基于激光抽运射频共振的铯原子磁力仪. 通过圆偏振光将铯原子抽运到暗态, 实现偏极化. 外磁场存在时, 原子磁矩将以拉莫尔频率绕外磁场进动. 在共振射频磁场的作用下, 原子被去极化而重新吸收光子. 通过探测出射光光谱可以测得拉莫尔频率进而得到外磁场的信息. 本文通过运用自制的894 nm 外腔半导体激光器, 建立了激光稳频装置和低噪声磁场测量环境, 实现了一种基于铯原子激光抽运射频共振的磁力仪. 通过磁力仪参数优化以及闭环测量, 磁力仪测量的外磁场达到了19 fT/Hz^1/2的极限灵敏度和1.8 pT/Hz^1/2的本征灵敏度, 空间分辨率小于2 cm. 关键词： 光抽运 塞曼效应 光探测磁共振 磁力仪     

Autoignition in stratified mixtures for pressure gain combustion

The reliable generation of quasi-homogeneous autoignition inside a combustor fed by a continuous air flow would represent a milestone in realizing pressure gain combustion in gas turbines. In this work, the ignition distribution inside a stratified fuel–air mixture is analyzed. The ability of precise and reproducible injection of a desired fuel profile inside a convecting air flow is verified by applying tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy in non-reacting measurements. High-speed, static pressure sensors and ionization probes allow for simultaneous detection of the flame and pressure rise at several axial positions in reactive measurements with dimethyl ether as fuel. A second, exchangeable combustion tube enables optical observation of OH* intensity in combination with pressure measurements. Experiments with three arbitrary fuel profiles show a set of ignition distributions that vary in shape, homogeneity, and the number of simultaneous autoignition events. Although the measurements show notable variation, a significant and reproducible influence of the fuel injection on the ignition distribution is observed. Results show that uniform autoignition leads to a coupling of the reaction front with the pressure rise and, therefore, induces a greater aerodynamic constraint than non-uniform ignition distributions, which are dominated by propagating deflagration fronts.     

Temperature dependence of intensities and widths of N2-broadened lines in the 15 μm CO2 band from tunable laser measurements

Intensities and nitrogen-broadened widths of several low-J lines in the Q-branch of the 15 μm band of CO₂ have been determined over the temperature range 200–300 K. Measurements were made with a tunable infra-red diode laser spectrometer having a spectral resolution 10^-4 cm^-1. Measured intensities are uniformly about 7% lower than available calculations which were based on previous measurements of band intensity. Measured line widths are higher than available calculations and generally followed the relation

b_L⁰(T)=b_L⁰(T₀)(T₀|T)ⁿ

with n = 0.74 (standard deviation 0.08).     

固体火箭发动机羽流流速TDLAS测量方法研究

针对现有对固体火箭发动机推进剂燃烧时产生的羽流流速测量方法的不足，提出了将可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱（TDLAS）技术应用于羽流流速的测量方法，通过测量燃烧产物中H₂O分子位于1 392 nm处的单根吸收谱线特征，根据多普勒效应建立的光谱频移和分子速度之间的关系来获得气流流速，解决了接触式测量方法会干扰羽流场和传统非接触式测量中示踪粒子不均匀的问题，并且取得了有效试验数据，通过对试验数据进行分析处理，得到了发动机的羽流流速。     

A 1550-nm linearly tunable CW single-mode external cavity diode laser based on a single-cavity all-dielectric thin-film Fabry–Pérot filter

A 1550-nm linearly tunable CW single-mode external cavity diode laser (ECDL) based on a single-cavity all-dielectric thin-film Fabry–Pérot filter (s-AFPF) is proposed and realized in this paper. Its internal optical components as well as their operation mechanisms are introduced first, and then its longitudinal mode output characteristic is theoretically analyzed. Afterwards, we set up the experimental platform for the output characteristic measurement of this tunable ECDL; under different experimental conditions, we execute accurate and real-time measurements for the output central wavelength, output optical power, output longitudinal mode distribution, and the line-width of the tunable ECDL in its tuning process. By summing up the optimal experimental condition from the measured data, we obtain the optimal tunable relevant parameters ECDL of the tunable ECDL has a linear mode-hop-free wavelength tuning region of 1547.203 nm-1552.426 nm, a stable output optical power in the range of 40 μW-50 μW, and a stable output longitudinal mode distribution of a single longitudinal mode with a line-width in the range of 100 MHz-150 MHz. This tunable ECDL can be used in environmental gas monitoring, atomic and molecular laser spectroscopy research, precise measurements, and so on.     

基于可调谐激光吸收光谱技术的脱硝过程中微量逃逸氨气检测实验研究

为了对电厂脱硝过程中逃逸的微量氨气进行在线检测,实验室采用可调谐激光吸收光谱技术对常温常压下以及不同温度下的低浓度氨气进行了测量试验,其中电厂逃逸氨气检测处温度约为650 K。通过分析近红外波段的氨气吸收谱线,并考虑实际测量环境H₂O和CO₂等浓度很大的气体吸收谱线的干扰,实验选取2.25 μm附近的ν₂+ν₃谱线作为浓度检测谱线。为了验证所选谱线对低浓度NH₃的测量能力,实验对H₂O,CO₂和NH₃的吸收谱线进行模拟,发现低浓度NH₃受较大浓度的H₂O和CO₂谱线的干扰较小,尤其是CO₂谱线的干扰可以忽略不计,且2.25 μm处谱线强度远远大于通讯波段1.53 μm处的谱线。基于新型Herriott池以及高温管式炉,结合可调谐激光吸收光谱中的直接吸收技术和波长调制技术,实现了对不同温度下超低浓度NH₃的高分辨率快速检测。常温常压下其线型函数可以利用洛伦兹线型来近似描述,直接吸收测量技术可以使探测极限降低到0.225×10-6。通过采用简单降噪处理技术如多次平均、简单小波分析等,得到不同温度下的谐波信号与浓度具有良好的线性关系,为采用可调谐激光吸收光谱技术进行现场低浓度逃逸氨气检测提供了很好的依据。     

Infrared diode laser spectroscopy of O2–N2O van der Waals complex in the ν1 symmetric stretch region of N2O

The rovibrational spectrum of O₂–N₂O van der Waals complex is measured in the v₁ symmetric stretch region of N₂O monomer using a tunable diode laser spectrometer. The complex is generated by a slit-pulsed supersonic expansion with gas mixtures of O₂, N₂O, and He. Both a- and b-type transitions are observed. The effective Hamiltonian for an open-shell complex consisting of a diatomic molecule in a ³Σ electronic state and a closed-shell partner is used to analyze the observed spectrum. Molecular constants in the vibrationally excited state are determined accurately. The band-origin of the spectrum is determined to be 1284.7504(25) cm^-1, red-shifted from that of the N₂O monomer by ～ 0.1529 cm^-1.     

Transient thermal lensing measurement in a laser diode pumped NdxY1−xAl3(BO3)4 laser using a holographic shearing interferometer

A new technique for measuring a thermal lens, using a holographic shearing interferometer is presented. This technique was used to measure transient thermal lensing in a laser diode pumped NYAB laser. The measured thermal lensing power was proportional to the pumping laser diode intensity, with a gradient of 1.1 × 10⁻¹ m⁻¹ mm²/W. The transient response time of the thermal lens was 1.5 s, this value being consistent with the temporal decline of the second harmonic power.     

基于QCL-TDLAS的NH3浓度测量仿真研究

可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱（tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy，TDLAS）作为一种新型气体浓度测量技术被广泛应用于NH₃浓度测量领域。利用Matlab可视化建模仿真软件Simulink分别实现了以中远红外量子级联激光器（quantum cascade laser，QCL）和近红外分布反馈式激光器（distributed feedback laser，DFB）做为光源的NH₃浓度TDLAS直接吸收测量仿真，并且分别在常温常压和烟气脱硝出口环境参数下理论分析了NH₃浓度测量灵敏度、检测限和分辨率。仿真结果表明:与传统近红外DFB光源相比，QCL-TDLAS系统理论灵敏度高约50倍，检测限与分辨率可达ppb量级，痕量NH₃浓度测量能力得到大幅度提升。仿真过程和结果为QCL-TDLAS技术在NH₃浓度测量方面的研究提供了理论依据。     

2.0 μm处CO2高温谱线参数测量研究

研究高温下待测气体的谱线属性, 如谱线强度、自加宽系数、空气加宽系数、温度系数等, 为高温环境中可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术反演温度、浓度、速度及其场分布提高精度和可靠性起着十分重要的作用. HITEMP数据库中的数据基本上是理论计算结果, 与实际情况存在相当的误差. 为了获得所选2.0 μm处的可用于燃烧诊断的CO₂谱线参数, 本文采用半导体激光器作为光源, 结合实验室的高温测量系统, 记录了700–1300 K温度范围内所选谱线的高温吸收光谱, 获得了各谱线在相应温度下的谱线强度、自展宽系数及温度系数等谱线参数. 测量得到CO₂的5006.978 cm^-1和5007.7874 cm^-1谱线强度与理论计算值相对误差小于11%; 获得了现有数据库缺少的温度系数和高温下自展宽系数数据. 所有各项参数对以后将要进行的燃烧诊断中的CO₂浓度检测有很大帮助. 关键词： 可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱 高温光谱 自展宽系数 温度系数