Structure and dynamics of cationic van-der-Waals clusters

Ar_nHCl⁺ van-der-Waals clusters for n = 1–13 are investigated with the “minimal diatomics-in-molecules (DIM) model” using ab-initio input data obtained from multi-reference configuration-interaction calculations plus subsequent projection onto valence-bond wavefunctions. The results for the complexes with n = 1–3 are checked against ab-initio calculations at the coupled-cluster (CCSD) level with the same one-electron atomic basis set as for the input data generation (aug-cc-pVTZ from Dunning). In addition to the electronic ground state, the first excited ²A^￠^2\!A^{\prime} state for the triatomic complex (n = 1) is also studied. The results from the DIM model are shown to be in fair agreement with those from advanced conventional ab-initio calculations, although there are differences in detail. The comparison justifies the extension of the DIM approach to n > 3. Systematic analysis of the local minima of the multi-dimensional potential-energy surfaces (PESs), carried out with the combined method described in part I (Monte-Carlo sampling plus subsequent steepest-descent optimization), reveals simple building-up regularities for the most stable structures (i.e. those corresponding to the global PES minimum) at each n: apart from always having a nearly linear (Ar–H–Cl)⁺ fragment as core, the aggregates show little or no symmetry. Secondary local minima are also determined and their structures interpreted. The PESs for the low-lying excited states reveal a much more complicated topography compared to the Ar_nH⁺ clusters allowing a variety of photo-processes. The energy level sequence of the first five excited electronic states and the stability of the clusters in these states is studied as a function of the cluster size n.     

Structure and dynamics of cationic van-der-Waals clusters

Ar_nHCl⁺ van-der-Waals clusters for n = 1–13 are investigated with the “minimal diatomics-in-molecules (DIM) model” using ab-initio input data obtained from multi-reference configuration-interaction calculations plus subsequent projection onto valence-bond wavefunctions. The results for the complexes with n = 1–3 are checked against ab-initio calculations at the coupled-cluster (CCSD) level with the same one-electron atomic basis set as for the input data generation (aug-cc-pVTZ from Dunning). In addition to the electronic ground state, the first excited state for the triatomic complex (n = 1) is also studied. The results from the DIM model are shown to be in fair agreement with those from advanced conventional ab-initio calculations, although there are differences in detail. The comparison justifies the extension of the DIM approach to n > 3. Systematic analysis of the local minima of the multi-dimensional potential-energy surfaces (PESs), carried out with the combined method described in part I (Monte-Carlo sampling plus subsequent steepest-descent optimization), reveals simple building-up regularities for the most stable structures (i.e. those corresponding to the global PES minimum) at each n: apart from always having a nearly linear (Ar–H–Cl)⁺ fragment as core, the aggregates show little or no symmetry. Secondary local minima are also determined and their structures interpreted. The PESs for the low-lying excited states reveal a much more complicated topography compared to the Ar_nH⁺ clusters allowing a variety of photo-processes. The energy level sequence of the first five excited electronic states and the stability of the clusters in these states is studied as a function of the cluster size n.     

铝原子团簇Al5、Al5-和Al5+稳定结构的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的四种方法 :杂化密度泛函B3LYP与B3PW 91、Perdew Wang91交换与相关泛函WP91PW91、局域自旋密度近似SVWN ,研究了Al5、Al5-和Al5+ 团簇的多种可能结构 ,找到了它们稳定的结构与自旋态 ,与已有的理论结果作了比较 ,并计算了Al5-的绝热与垂直电子离解能、Al5的绝热与垂直电离势 ,同有关的实验数据比较 ,符合较好 .同时对四种密度泛函方法的计算结果作了一些比较与讨论     

On electronic structure of H2 in palladium

Using quasi-relativistic CNDO method the electronic structure of¹[Pd₁₄ ...n H]^q clusters (n=0 or 2) with various total charges, q, is investigated for various H-H configurations. All systems are more stable for q=–2 than for q=0. Lower unit cell dimensions cause the energy stabilization of the H-H subsystem, the dihydrogen charge is more positive and the H-H bond is stronger. The results on electronic structure calculations indicate the existence of higher electron states with significant shifts of energy minima.     

GaSi_n(n=1-6)团簇结构和稳定性的第一性原理研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT),在B3LYP/6-311+G(d)水平下研究了GaSi_n(n=1-6)团簇的几何构型、电子性质、稳定性和振动特性.研究结果表明:GaSi_n(n=1-6)团簇基态结构基本保持了纯硅团簇的结构框架,Ga原子往往被吸附在Sin团簇的表面上.布局分析显示电子由Ga原子向Sin框架转移.平均束缚能和分裂能表明GaSi_3和GaSi_5团簇相对其他团簇具有较强的稳定性.振动特性研究表明:GaSi_n(n=1-6)团簇的IR活性最强振动模式主要是Ga原子与Sin结构之间的相对振动.极化率的研究表明,随着Si原子数的增多,GaSi_n团簇的非线形光学效应逐渐增强,更容易被外场极化.     

小分子硫原子团簇正离子的结构稳定性

用分子图形软件设计出 4 9种硫原子团簇Sn+ (n =3～ 13)的结构 ,使用B3LYP密度泛函进行几何构型优化和振动频率计算 ,根据分子的总能量得出最稳定的同分异构体 .在硫原子团簇正离子中 ,大部分原子为二配位成键 .带有一、三配位的原子结构的总能量较高 .部分最稳定硫原子团簇正离子的构型与最稳定的中性硫原子团簇的构型完全不同 .     

The ammonia dimer equilibrium dissociation energy: convergence to the basis set limit at the correlated level

The low-energy region of the intermolecular potential energy hypersurface (PES) of the ammonia dimer was studied at the level of second-order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) using a very large basis set. Individual minima were located on the PES employing the counterpoise (CP) correction to account for the basis set superposition error (BSSE). Apart from these canonical MP2 calculations local MP2 (LMP2) calculations were performed. For the latter the BSSE at the correlated level is inherently absent by virtue of the local truncation of the virtual space. Results from canonical and local MP2 calculations are compared and the reliability of the LMP2 method for intermolecular complexes and clusters is discussed. The canonical MP2 calculations predicted five minimum structures, the four most stable ones lying energetically very close. For these four structures single point MP2 energy calculations with a further extended basis set (1024 functions for the ammonia dimer) were performed. The equilibrium dissociation energies so obtained are close to the one-particle basis set limit, as illustrated by a remaining BSSE of less than 0.2 kJ mol^?1. The geometry optimizations at the LMP2 level, using the three most stable canonical MP2 structures as initial geometries, all collapsed to a single minimum corresponding to an asymmetric structural arrangement. A canonical MP2 single point calculation, at that geometry, revealed that the LMP2 minimum structure is virtually as stable as the lowest minima on the canonical MP2 PES. Based on these calculations the global minimum of the ammonia dimer was assigned to a part of the PES represented by an asymmetric structure with an equilibrium dissociation energy of 13.5±0.3 kJ mol^?1     

砷原子团簇结构的量子化学密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论的三种方法 :局域自旋密度近似SVWN、梯度修正BLYP、杂化密度泛函B3LYP ,优化了中性Asn、负离子Asn-(n =2～ 5 )的结构 ,在优化结构基础上计算了它们的振动光谱 ,获得它们稳定的最低能量态的结构 .其中中性Asn(n =2～ 5 )的稳定结构的计算结果 ,与已有的理论结果以及实验数据进行了比较 .而对负离子Asn-(n =2～ 5 ) )的稳定结构作了预言 .同时计算了Asn(n =2～ 5 )的绝热电子亲和能 (EAa) ,与有关光电子谱学的实验值符合较好 .     

Stuffing improves the stability of fullerenelike boron clusters

First-principles electronic structure calculations show that boron clusters B98, B99, B100, B101, and B102 based on icosahedral-B12 stuffed fullerenes are more stable than the fullerenelike boron clusters. These more stable structures are envisaged as an icosahedral B12 each vertex of which is connected to the apex of a pentagonal pyramid (B6) via radial 2c-2e sigma bonds. The resulting B84 (B(12)@B(12)@B(60)) retains the same symmetry as C60, and the B(n) (n=84-116) clusters are generated around it. We further project the possibility of producing such B12 based giant clusters.     

ZnSe小团簇结构稳定性和电子性质研究

文章研究了小尺寸的(ZnSe)n团簇(n=2-16)的结构和电子性质.通过手工搭建得到团簇结构,用DMol软件包进行结构优化和能量计算,最后分析计算结果 .研究结果表明,对于n=2-4,平面环状结构的能量最低;对于n=5,非平面环状结构的能量最低;对于n=6-12,空心笼状结构的能量最低;对于n=13,核-壳笼状结构的能量最低;对于n=14-16,依旧是空心笼状结构的能量最低.通过分析(ZnSe)_n团簇(n=2-16)的电子性质,我们可以得到,(ZnSe)_9团簇、(ZnSe)_(12)团簇具有很好的稳定性.     

丙酮分子团簇结构的量子化学从头计算研究

采用HF/ 3 2 1G 方法对丙酮分子团簇体系 (CH3 COCH3 ) n(n =2— 5 )进行了全优化 .用密度泛函B3LYP/ 6 31+G 方法计算了各个体系的总能量 .通过计算不同体系的振动频率 ,确定得到的结构是否对应于体系的稳定构型 .对计算结果进行了分析和讨论 ,结果表明 ,环形结构较线形结构更为稳定 . The acetone clusters are studied by ab initio calculations. HF/3-21G * method is used to optimize the configurations for all kinds of systems. B3LYP/6-31+G ** method is adopted to calculate the total energy of the systems. We also calculate the vibration frequencies in order to investigate whether the system correspondes to stable geometries. All results show that ring structure is more stable than linear structure for the acetone clusters of (CH 3COCH 3) n(n=2, 3, 4, 5).     

相对论密度泛函研究YSin± (n=1-6)离子团簇

运用广义梯度近似的相对论密度泛函方法对带电荷的YSin±(n=1-6)团簇的几何结构、稳定性、电子和成键特性进行了系统的研究. 与相应的中性YSin团簇相比,除了YSi4+和YSi5+之外,YSin±团簇基本都保持了YSin中性团簇的结构框架,这与对垂直和绝热电离能的分析结果本质上是一致的;同时,大多数离子团簇的稳定性都有明显增强,其中YSin±(n=2和5)团簇比其相邻团簇的稳定性更强. 电荷布局分析表明电荷将对Y与Sin框架之间的电荷转椅量有明显影响. HOMO-LUMO能隙研究表明：带电的YSin团簇比其中性团簇的化学稳定性更强.     

相对论密度泛函研究YSi_n~±(n=1-6)离子团簇

运用广义梯度近似的相对论密度泛函方法对带电荷的YSi_n~±(n=1-6)团簇的几何结构、稳定性、电子和成键特性进行了系统的研究.与相应的中性YSin团簇相比,除了YSi+4和YSi+5之外,YSi_n~±团簇基本都保持了YSin中性团簇的结构框架,这与对垂直和绝热电离能的分析结果本质上是一致的;同时,大多数离子团簇的稳定性都有明显增强,其中YSi_n~±(n=2和5)团簇比其相邻团簇的稳定性更强.电荷布局分析表明电荷将对Y与Sin框架之间的电荷转椅量有明显影响.HOMO-LUMO能隙研究表明:带电的YSin团簇比其中性团簇的化学稳定性更强.     

第一原理对Aln040234.gif (202 bytes)(n+m=5)团簇结构和稳定性研究

用第一原理中的B3LYP和MP2方法,在6-311G水平上对AlnP- m(n+m=5)的各种可能构型进行几何构型优化,预测各团簇的稳定结构,从中得出各个团簇稳定构型之间的基本关系,当n＞m时,团簇的稳定构型与Al-n相似, 而当n＜ m时,团簇的稳定构型与P-m相似.并用B3LYP/6-311G方法计算了AlnP -m的垂直电子离能(VDE)和绝热电子离解能(ADE),同实验数据符合的较好.     

Global structure optimization study on Au 2-20

The geometries and electronic properties of the most stable small Au_n clusters with n=2 to 20 are presented. An intensive search for low-energy minima of Au_n clusters was carried through using a density-functional tight-binding method combined with genetic algorithms for an unbiased global structure optimization. The structural and energetic properties of the small gold clusters are compared with those of planar Au_n clusters with n=5 to 15.     

Gauge invariance and average excitation energy approximation in the theory of nuclear magnetic shielding

The effects of three-body non-additivities on the most stable structures of Ar⁺ _n (3 ≤ n ≤ 27) clusters have been investigated in an extended diatomics-in-molecules (DIM) approach. Non-additive interaction terms for both the neutral and the ionic trimer have been included explicitly in the DIM Hamiltonian. Structural rearrangement is observed for a number of cluster sizes due to induced dipole—induced dipole interactions.     

丙酮分子团簇(CH3COCH3)n(n=6,7)的稳定构型

用密度泛函(DFT)理论方法研究了丙酮分子团簇(CH3COCH3)n(n=6,7)的稳定构型及与各构型相应的能量。根据稳定构型的稳定性顺序推测了丙酮分子团簇结构的增长趋势。     

Hyperfine Fields in Complex Metallic Systems: Co Clusters Embedded in Cu

We have used first-principles linear muffin tin orbital (LMTO-ASA) electronic structure calculations, implemented directly in real space (RS) to theoretically investigate the behavior of the hyperfine field of Co clusters embedded in fcc Cu. We find that the magnitude of the dominant contact contribution to the hyperfine field decreases significantly as one goes from the Co site at the center of the cluster to those at the Co–Cu interface. To better understand this behavior, we use a simple model which closely reproduces the first-principles calculations, but is physically more transparent. Our approach can partially deconvolute the several dependences, calling attention to the processes which regulate the hyperfine field behavior in these complex Co–Cu systems.     

CuSin 与CuSi-n（n=4~10）团簇电子结构和光学性质的理论研究

基于密度泛函的B3LYP/6-311+G (d)方法研究基态结构CuSin(n=4~10)和 CuSin阴离子团簇的电子结构和紫外吸收谱。计算结果表明：(1)中性CuSin 团簇的带隙要比阴离子团簇的带隙要小,说明阴离子团簇比中性的要稳定;(2)阴离子CuSi5团簇要比相邻的其他团簇稳定;(3)紫外吸收谱可看出中性 CuSin团簇属弱吸收而阴离子则表现出很强的吸收。对阴离子来说,随着硅原子的增加有红移现象发生。     

密度泛函方法研究NiSin(n=1~13)团簇

基于第一性原理,利用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似(GGA)系统研究了NiSin(n=1～13)团簇,在充分考虑自旋多重度的基础上讨论了这些团簇的生长行为,电子性质及其磁性,结果表明:NiSin 1的基态结构是在NiSin的基态结构上带帽一个Si原子而得到;随着团簇尺寸的增大,Ni原子逐渐从吸附在sin团簇的表面位置移动到Sin团簇笼内;掺杂Ni原子提高了硅团簇的稳定性;NiSi10团簇的稳定性在所有团簇中是最高的;电子总是从si向Ni转移,Ni原子所带的电荷数不仅与Ni原子的配位数有关,还与Nisin团簇的基态结构密切相关;n=1～2时,团簇的自旋总磁矩为2 μB,当n≥3时,团簇的磁性消失,这可能与Ni原子内部较强的sp-d杂化以及si原子内部的s-p杂化有关.