用扫描近场光学显微镜技术研究金膜表面等离体子共振

表面等离体子波(SPW)可与入射光横磁波极化能量耦合并被共振激发,这种现象被称为表面等离体子共振现象(SPR)。主要利用扫描近场光学显微镜(SNOM)技术和表面等离体子共振现象技术相结合,来研究金膜表面等离体子共振。设计并建立了结构独特的新型Kretschmann型表面等离体子共振现象耦合装置,同时又设计了具有厚度梯度的表面等离体子的制备方法。在此基础上,测量了改变入射角条件下的表面等离体子共振曲线,测得该装置的等离体子共振角灵敏度为1°。并且对金膜表面进行表面等离体子共振条件下的扫描近场光学显微成像。实验结果表明,在共振时金膜表面的扫描成像比不共振时清晰,而且增加了很多细节。应用表面等离体子共振现象技术将可以明显提高扫描近场光学显微镜的信噪比、分辨力等性能。     

金纳米棒状微粒的胶囊模型及吸收光谱

提出了金纳米棒状微粒的胶囊模型,用Waterman发展的T矩阵方法计算了金纳米棒状微粒的吸收光谱.计算谱和实验谱基本符合,520 nm左右处的吸收峰对应于金纳米棒的横向表面等离体子共振（横模）,长波长处的吸收峰对应于金纳米棒的纵向表面等离体子共振（纵模）.随着金纳米棒纵横比的增加,纵模吸收峰表现出显著的红移,横模吸收峰则微弱地蓝移.此外,计算结果表明,金纳米棒状微粒外部介质的介电常数必须随着金纳米棒纵横比的增大非线性地减小.     

表面等离子体增强氧化锌纳米带发光特性的研究

利用简单的化学气相沉积方法在低温下高产量地合成了ZnO纳米带, 并利用磁控溅射对样品进行表面修饰, 制备了Au-ZnO复合纳米带. 通过扫描电镜、透射电镜及微区拉曼等手段系统地研究了表面修饰对ZnO 纳米材料发光性能的影响.结果表明, 在ZnO纳米带上溅射Au纳米颗粒, 可有效增强其近带边发光并使可见发光强度发生淬灭, 从而增强ZnO纳米带的发光性能. ZnO纳米带发光增强因子η最大可达到85倍. 基于Au纳米颗粒的散射、吸收、Purcell增强因子, 以及Ostwald熟化理论, 又进一步探讨了Au-ZnO复合材料的发光机制. 采用表面等离子体耦合的方法可以有效地提高光电半导体器件的发光效率. 关键词： 表面等离体子 光致发光 氧化锌     

如何用光波激发金属表面等离体子振荡

通过求解金属表面的麦克斯韦方程,证明了光波不能直接激发表面等离体子波．介绍了Otto装置和Kretschmann装置,这两种装置可利用光波全反射时产生的倏逝波激发表面等离体子波,给出了这两种装置中棱镜和介质的相对电容率关系以及对中间层厚度的要求．     

金膜上亚波长小孔阵列表面等离激元颜色滤波器偏振性质

金属薄膜上制备的表面等离激元颜色滤波器具有很强的颜色可调性. 在200 nm厚的金膜上, 通过聚焦离子束刻蚀, 制备一系列周期逐渐变化的圆形、方形、矩形亚波长尺寸小孔方阵列表面等离激元颜色滤波器, 改变入射光的偏振方向, 观察其超透射滤波现象. 研究发现: 对于矩形小孔阵列, 其透射光颜色随入射光偏振方向的变化而改变; 而对于圆形、方形的小孔阵列, 其透射光颜色对入射光的偏振方向并不敏感. 分析表明, 对于金膜上刻蚀的小孔结构, 虽然结构的周期性导致的表面等离激元极化子会对透射光的颜色变化产生一定影响, 但是随小孔形状变化的局域表面等离激元共振才是影响透射光颜色的决定性因素. 如果入射光没有在小孔中激发出局域表面等离激元, 则表面等离激元极化子对透射光的影响也会消失. 根据不同形状小孔周期结构透射光颜色随入射光的偏振变化特点, 制备出了包含两种小孔形状的复合周期结构. 随着入射光偏振方向的改变, 该结构会显示出不同的颜色图案. 关键词： 表面等离激元极化子 局域表面等离激元 颜色滤波器 亚波长小孔阵列     

金属纳米颗粒等离激元共振增强非线性介质谐波的发展现状

随着纳米加工和制备技术的不断发展,金属纳米粒子的等离激元光学特性已得到了广泛的研究与应用。本文基于金属纳米颗粒等离激元共振特性,分析了金属纳米颗粒等离激元共振对介质谐波的增强机制,综述了该增强机制在近几年所取得的最新研究成果及其在生物成像领域的应用。金属纳米颗粒等离激元共振在增强介质非线性特性领域的发展趋势是从简单的金属纳米颗粒向复杂形状纳米颗粒和金属纳米颗粒组装体的发展,这些新型金属纳米颗粒在非线性光学、生物医学上的疾病诊断和治疗有良好的实际应用前景。     

表面等离激元的聚焦与波导增强

近年来,表面等离激元学（plasmonics）已经形成一个新的学科热点.电子在金属与介质界面的集体振荡行为形成一种元激发——表面等离激元（surface plasomon polariton,SPP）.由于其具有特殊的耦合与传播性质,与SPP相关的器件设计与应用成为目前纳米光子学领域的国际前沿研究方向.文章介绍了利用微...     

等离激元增强的石墨烯光吸收

石墨烯中等离激元具有特殊的光电性质,其和入射光的强烈耦合可以引起光吸收的增强.本文基于时域有限差分法和多体自洽场理论研究了等离激元对处于光学谐振腔中的石墨烯光吸收的影响.由于石墨烯中等离激元与入射光动量和能量不匹配而不能直接相互作用,因此石墨烯上施加了金属光栅结构.研究发现光栅结构能够对入射光进行动量补偿并且能够引起其下石墨烯中的电场强度产生很大程度增强,从而导致在该石墨烯结构中太赫兹等离激元和入射光发生强烈耦合而产生太赫兹等离极化激元,同时引起石墨烯光吸收的增强.希望本文能够加深对石墨烯光电特性的理解以及可以为基于石墨烯的太赫兹光电装置提供一定的理论依据.     

表面等离激元——机理、应用与展望

等离激元光子学(plasmonics)的研究内容是金属纳米结构独特的光学性质及其应用.随着纳米科技的进步,等离激元光子学已经迅速发展成为一门新兴学科,在生物、化学、能源、信息等领域具有重要的应用前景.文章主要介绍表面等离激元(surface plasmons,SPs)的一些基本物理性质,包括局域的表面等离激元(localized surface plas-mon,LSP)和传导的表面等离激元(propagating surface plasmon polariton,SPP),文章还介绍了表面等离激元的几个重要的应用方向,例如生物/化学传感器、表面等离激元激光、光开关器件以及表面等离激元光逻辑运算,等等.     

重碳掺杂p型GaAs中纵光学声子与等离振子耦合模的Raman散射特性

对用MOMBE法生长的重C掺杂p型GaAs进行了Raman散射研究,结合理论分析,较好地解释了p型GaAs中纵光学(LO)声子与空穴等离振子耦合(LOPC)模的Raman散射特性,证明它具有与n型状态不同的特点,根据实验结果讨论了重掺杂对Raman散射谱的影响,发现LOPC模的散射峰特征(位置和宽度)与重掺杂效应程度具有很大关系。     

Optical interaction in a plasmonic metallic particle chain coupled to a metallic film

We study the coupling of localized surface plasmon and surface plasmon polariton modes in a system composed of a metallic nanoparticle chain imbedded in a dielectric–metal–dielectric substrate. The results show the influence of outside parts and imbedded parts of particles on the interaction between localized surface plasmon and surface plasmon polariton modes. An enhancement can be observed in our structure. This kind of the structure has a very promising candidate for biosensing and surface enhanced spectroscopy applications.     

Surface plasmon photodetectors and their applications

Surface plasmon photodetectors are of vigorous current interest. Such detectors typically combine a metallic structure that supports surface plasmons with a photodetection structure based on internal photoemission or electron‐hole pair creation. Detector architectures are highly varied, involving surface plasmons on planar metal waveguides, on metal gratings, on nano‐particles, ‐islands, or ‐antennas, or involving plasmon‐mediated transmission through one or many sub‐wavelength holes in a metal film. Properties inherent to surface plasmons, such as sub‐wavelength confinement and their ability to resonate on tiny metallic structures, are exploited to convey useful characteristics to detectors in addressing applications such as low‐noise high‐speed detection, single‐plasmon detection, near‐ and mid‐infrared imaging, photovoltaic solar energy conversion, and (bio)chemical sensing. The operating principles behind surface plasmon detectors are reviewed, the literature on the topic is surveyed, and avenues that appear promising are highlighted.     

Slow light with symmetric gap plasmon guides with finite width metal claddings

We study the dispersion relation and the modes of a symmetric gap plasmon guide, where a dielectric planar slab is coated with finite metallic layers on both top and bottom. The finite conductivity of the metal is taken into account. The modes of the structure exhibit significant differences from those of dielectric waveguides with air or metal as the bounding media. Avoided level crossing phenomenon between the plasmon and the guided modes is shown to exist, leading to leaky modes. The structure sandwiched between two high index media is shown to lead to slow light in transmission. The group delay is shown to be larger for higher order modes.      

Surface plasmon resonance sensor based on diffraction grating with high sensitivity and high resolution

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on diffraction grating with high sensitivity and high resolution is proposed. The sensitivity of grating coupled SPR sensor based on angular interrogation is enhanced by replacing +1st diffraction order of metallic grating with −1st diffraction order to excite the surface plasmon. To improve the resolution of grating-based SPR sensor, aluminum is used as an SPR-active metal. The reflectivity dip of the Al-based sensor is sharper than an Au-based one, which is the mostly widely used as SPR-active metal. And 3-nm-thick gold film is deposited on the grating surface in order to protect the Al layer from getting oxidized. Numerical simulations show that the sensor not only has high sensitivity and high resolution, but also exhibits good linearity.     

Surface Plasmon Polariton Fizeaus Dragging: via Relative Rotational Sensing

A new scheme focusing on the surface plasmon polariton interferometry between the metal and dielectric interface is introduced. The phase shift is measured by using surface plasmon polariton wave, generated at the interface of metallic and dielectric media. The phase shift of SPPs is modi?ed under phase and amplitude control of complex conductivity for interferometry. The control ?elds strongly in?uence the phase shift of SPPs for detection of molecular motion. The phase shift of SPPs is further modi?ed by Plasmon polariton Fizeaus dragging effect. We measure 20%–25%fractional change in delay and their phases shift between two left and right SPPs modes. Our results may have signi?cant applications in sensor interferometer technology.     

局域态密度对表面等离激元特性影响的研究

表面等离激元是一种在金属与介质界面上激发并耦合电荷密度起伏的电磁振荡, 具有近场增强和短波长等特性, 在纳米光子学的研究中扮演重要角色. 将表面等离激元的效应用于单光子源的制备, 不但可以有效减小器件的体积, 而且可以有效提高单光子的辐射和收集效率. 本文根据表面等离激元的珀赛尔系数与光子态密度的关系, 采用局域态密度计算的方法, 分析了不同金属材料的局域态密度及珀赛尔系数的特性. 通过计算比较, 选择银为最佳金属材料, 并在此基础上讨论了探测距离和电介质材料对局域态密度和珀赛尔系数的影响, 为基于表面等离子激元的单光子源制备提供重要参数.     

Enhancement of extraction efficiency by metallic photonic crystal embedding in light-emitting diode

The bandgap effect of photonic crystals (PCs) and the effect of grating diffraction can be used to improve the extraction efficiency of light from the light-emitting diode (LED). The transmission of light at certain wavelength through periodic sub-wavelength hole arrays in metal films is extraordinary, surface plasmon (SP) effects effectively. In this letter, silver metallic photonic crystals with square lattice of cylinder unit cells are fabricated in GaN layer of GaN-based blue LED. We use the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to investigate the optical transmission, the results show that the light extraction efficiency is enhanced by more than four times. Then we use the surface plasmon dispersion relation to analyze the mechanism of antireflection.     

Tunable local surface plasmon resonance in liquid-crystal-coated Ag nanoparticles

The far-field and near-field properties of a spherical nematic liquid crystal (NLC) coated metal nanoparticle (NPs) have been investigated in an external field, basing on the quasistatic theory. The resonant wavelength is tunable by varying metallic material of core, anisotropy extent and thickness of liquid crystals (LCs). The field enhancement is along the incident polarization near the outer surface of the shell. The direction of field is reverse in the inner surface comparing with the one if outer shell. In contrast to isotropy shell, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) shows an obvious red shift and field enhancement near outer surface of the shell always is stronger.     

大尺寸硫醇配体保护金团簇的激发态动力学研究

纳米金团簇作为桥梁连接了金纳米粒子和单个金原子,对于揭示表面等离子激元共振和金属键的来源具有重要意义。有机配体保护的纳米金团簇为理解金纳米粒子从金属性质到非金属性质的转变提供了理想的研究对象,而处于转变区域的金团簇的激发态动力学还尚待研究。在本文中,我们总结了表现出分子性质,并且尺寸较大（大于100 个金原子）的纳米金团簇的激发态动力学,同时将其与表现出金属性质的金纳米粒子的激发态动力学进行比较。本文通过对处于转变区域的金团簇的电子和振动动力学的描述,进一步讨论了其电子结构。对大尺寸纳米金团簇激发态弛豫机理的深入理解,将有助于理解金属纳米团簇和纳米粒子的光学性质,从而进一步推动这一类功能材料的设计和应用。     

Transmission of light through metallic Z-shaped slit array with inner metallic bar

The transmission of a normally incident wave through a Z-shaped channel metallic slit array with metallic bar inside has been investigated by using finite-difference time-domain method. It is obtained that transmission spectra are nearly the same of the slit array with straight channel as that with Z-shaped channel in the condition the material of the slit array the same as that of the inner bar. If the Au bar is replaced by Al of the Au slit array, both resonance modes red shift obviously, especially for the structure with bent channel. Along with the width of the inner bar increasing, the localized waveguide resonance mode red shifts regularly with a tiny decrease of the peak value of all the kinds of composed structure introduced here, and the surface plasmon resonance mode red shifts regularly accompanied by peak value changing uniformly for the structures with only one type of metal. However, the surface plasmon resonance behaves different obviously, its center peak first moves to a larger wavelength fast, then red shifts slowly, for the Au-film Al-bar structure, but that moves in a very small wavelength range for the Al-film Au-bar one. The results obtained here are helpful to design subwavelength optical devices.