环形激光二极管抽运棒状激光器中瞬态温度和热应力分析

直接从激光二极管发光强度的角分布出发,采用光线追迹方法获得激光棒内的热沉积分布,在此基础上采用热传导模型和热力模型,比较了不同抽运功率、不同棒半径下达到稳态温度分布的时间,并且对稳态和瞬态热应力进行了详细模拟计算。结果表明,采用环形激光二极管阵列侧面抽运的棒状激光器中的热效应问题十分严重,不同的抽运结构参量下,温度分布不同;达到稳态所需时间随棒半径增大而增加,而不受抽运功率的影响;抽运功率越大,棒内温差增大,热应力也越大;热破坏主要集中于激光棒中心区域和表面区域。     

激光二极管阵列端面抽运复合棒状激光器热效应的有限元法分析

建立了激光二极管阵列(LDA)端面抽运棒状激光介质的数值模型.考虑到介质与空气的对流换热和介质的热力学参数随温度的变化,根据经典热传导方程和热弹性方程,运用有限元法得出了复合棒状介质和未复合棒状介质内瞬态温度、热应力和应变的时空分布,分析了温度、热应力和应变随抽运功率、换热系数和时间的变化规律.结果表明,复合棒的最高温度、最大张应力和最大轴向应变的位置与未复合棒不同,并且数值分别为未复合棒的73%,60%和33%.由此可知,利用复合棒可极大地减小热效应的影响.理论分析结果可为LDA抽运固体激光器的结构优化设计和实验研究提供理论参考.     

波面热畸变自校正型板条增益介质的瞬态温度分布

提出一种新的激光增益介质板条抽运结构,这种结构能对由激光增益介质板条温度分布不均所造成的波面热畸变实现自校正,并建立了这种抽运结构下激光增益介质板条的瞬态温度分布理论模型,通过解热传导方程,推导出板条增益介质的瞬态温度分布的解析表达式。同时对抽运参量分别为抽运脉冲能量为5.8×104J、抽运重复频率为2Hz和抽运脉冲能量为3.2×104J、重复频率为10Hz两种情况下两种下N-31型钕玻璃板条的瞬态温度分布分别进行了数值计算,分别给出两种情况下10s内和60s时钕玻璃板条的温度分布图并对结果进行了分析和对比,表明采用这种抽运结构的增益介质板条激光器可以以类似热容激光器的方式在短时间内实现高平均功率、高光束质量运转。     

电子弛豫过程对重复频率高功率微波大气击穿的影响

 研究了重复频率高功率微波脉冲作用下的大气击穿。分析了重复频率脉冲作用下电子的弛豫过程,对脉冲间隔时间内电子温度和自由电子密度的变化规律进行了研究,得出了电子温度弛豫时间远小于电子密度弛豫时间的结论。分析了电子弛豫过程的附着效应和复合效应,给出了高功率微波重复频率脉冲作用下发生大气击穿的条件和重复频率高功率微波大气击穿的电子数密度方程。     

连续和重复频率激光对旋转壳体加热效率的数值模拟

 基于有效利用激光能量的目的，采用有限元分析方法分析并比较了重复频率和连续激光对旋转壳体的加热效率。数值计算结果表明：重复频率激光要比连续激光的加热效率高，而且加热效率与重复频率、占空比等有关；在平均功率密度相同的前提下，在频率相同条件下，占空比减小，温度上升加快，即加热效率随占空比的减小而增大；在相同占空比条件下，重复频率越小温度周期变化越明显，振荡峰值越大，当占空比较小时随着辐照时间的增加重复频率对加热效率影响减小。     

重复脉冲泵浦管状固体激光器的介质温升

 对重复脉冲泵浦的管状YAG激光器的3维温度分布进行了深入研究，计算模拟了管状介质在不同时刻的3维动态温升分布。计算结果表明，泵浦初始阶段，介质中各点的瞬态温升均随泵浦脉冲个数呈锯齿形增长，最大温升点的位置由介质内壁随时间逐渐向介质内部移动；经过大约490个脉冲泵浦后，介质内的瞬态温升最终随时间呈重复周期性变化，最大温升点将不再移动。当温升分布呈重复周期性变化后，激光管中心部分的温升较大，内外壁的温升较小，且外壁温升低于内壁温升。     

输出平均功率大于2W的高功率、包层抽运、超短脉冲铒镱共掺光纤激光器

采用主振荡功率放大的方式，研制成功集宽带波长连续可调谐、带宽内输出功率谱均衡、高重复频率和高功率性能于一体的超短脉冲包层抽运铒镱共掺光纤激光器.将优化主振荡器和功率放大器的腔结构与掺铒光纤的饱和增益特性结合起来，实现了1535nm—1570nm(35nm带宽)的输出功率均衡的波长连续可调谐激光输出，在带宽内激光功率的最大波动仅为0.5dBm；带宽内平均输出功率大于2W、脉冲重复频率大于10GHz、脉冲宽度小于30ps.该激光器具有综合性能指标先进、结构简单、全光纤化、使用方便等优点. 关键词： 光纤激光器 包层抽运 短脉冲 高重复频率     

超宽带高功率同轴旋转关节

 设计了一种高功率同轴旋转关节,通过一系列优化设计,解决了高压绝缘、高压气体动密封技术及承载等问题。分别对旋转关节的力学特性、环境温度适应性、瞬态脉冲传输效率及功率容量进行了实验研究。结果表明：关节的机械旋转及密封结构满足内压2 MPa的使用要求,所选材料在-15～50 ℃温度范围内能够正常工作;对于3 ns的瞬态脉冲,其动态电压传输效率为99.14%;可以稳定传输峰值功率50 GW、重复频率100 Hz、连续作用时间60 s的高功率超宽谱脉冲。该装置已成功应用于超宽带车载系统。     

片状热容激光器热效应有限元分析

 基于激光介质的非均匀内热源模型，利用有限元数值方法，模拟计算了热容模式下高功率激光二极管阵列(LDA) 重复脉冲泵浦片状激光介质的瞬态温度分布和热应力分布及其波前畸变和应力双折射。结果表明:热容模式下，当增益介质不能够被全口径泵浦时，也会出现严重的热效应，介质的表面靠近边缘处会出现大的拉应力集中，介质表面的最大轴向位移和最大拉应力随泵浦光斑尺寸缩小而增大；而当全口径泵浦时，介质表面热形变大大减弱，较小的拉应力存在于介质内部，而且泵浦光斑和介质的几何形状对热分布有很大影响。结果还表明，介质片表面变形和热光效应是产生波前畸变的主要原因，而热应力双折射产生的附加相移与激光介质的切割方向有关，它对光束产生较大的退偏作用，从而影响激光器的输出性能。理论模型得到了实验结果的验证。     

LDA侧面泵浦Nd:YAG激光器的热效应分析

 在高斯光强近似下对泵浦LD光强分布模型进行修正，建立了LDA侧面泵浦固体激光介质内热源分布的数值模型。用有限元法计算模拟了三角均匀分布侧面泵浦结构激光棒瞬态温升过程及稳态温度分布情况。讨论比较了泵浦源的高斯强度近似和均匀强度近似下激光棒内温度分布情况，并对激光棒的类热透镜的焦距进行实验测量。实验和数值计算说明了LDA泵浦结构和冷却场的非均匀分布使实际温度场偏离均匀泵浦时的二次曲线分布模型，激光晶体热效应产生的类透镜会聚作用的不对称导致了激光器输出光束质量在x，y方向上的不同。     

脉冲激光二极管侧面抽运Nd∶YAG激光器晶体时变热效应

采用数值计算的方法,对脉冲激光二极管三向侧面抽运固体激光器中,激光晶体的温度场时变分布进行了计算. 分析了三向侧面抽运情况下晶体内光强分布,在此基础上,采用有限元法,以脉冲激光二极管侧面抽运Nd∶YAG激光器为例,对单脉冲过程中晶体温度分布及其影响因素进行分析. 结果表明,晶体升温过程受到抽运条件以及散热条件的影响,但是主要受到抽运条件即抽运光强度和光束半径的影响,降温过程受到晶体热物性参数和晶体半径以及散热条件的影响. 当晶体温度达到周期性分布后,由于晶体径向温度梯度的周期性变化,引起通过晶体的平面光波的中心和边缘光线相对光程差也随时间作周期性变化. 关键词： 激光二极管侧面抽运固体激光器 热效应 有限元法 时变过程     

LDA侧面抽运棒状激光器热透镜效应的有限单元法分析

建立了激光二极管阵列端面抽运棒状激光介质的数值模型.考虑到介质与空气的对流换热和介质的热力学参量随温度的变化,根据经典热传导方程和热弹性方程,运用有限单元法,得出了棒状介质内瞬态温度、热应力和应变的分布.分析了热透镜焦距随抽运功率的变化规律,所得的规律与有关文献相符合.理论分析结果可为激光二极管阵列抽运固体激光器的结构优化设计和实验提供理论参考.     

Thermal lensing and aberrations modeling of a Brewster cut end pumped laser rod by BEM and optimization of the pumping-beam waist

In this article, the temperature distribution in a volume of a Ti:Sapphire laser rod with a Brewster cut in a steady state has been calculated using Boundary Element Method (BEM). High speed and superior accuracy are among the dominant characteristics of this method. Calculating the temperature distribution and refraction index, we calculated the applied phase shift on the transmitted beam of the rod, obtained dioptric power of the rod in tangential and sagittal planes, and investigated its variation according to the increase in the power and spot size of the pump beam. Afterwards, a self-consistent algorithm was used to optimize the spot size of the pump beam under condition of maximum overlap between pump and laser beam. Finally, in order to investigate the accuracy of the calculation, the temperature distribution was calculated using ANSYS software and a very good accommodation was observed between the two results. The only difference was that the calculation process in ANSYS software was four times longer than that using BEM.     

A 658-W VCSEL-pumped rod laser module with 52.6% optical efficiency

A high-efficiency and high-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) side-pumped rod Nd:YAG laser with temperature adaptability are demonstrated. The VCSEL side-pumped laser module is designed and optimized. Five VCSEL arrays are symmetrically located around the laser rod and a large size diffused reflection chamber is designed to ensure a uniform pump distribution. Furthermore, the absorbed pump power distribution of the rod is simulated to verify the uniformity of the pump absorption. Finally, a proof-of-principle experiment is performed in short linear cavity laser with single laser module. A continuous-wave output power of 658 W at 1064 nm is obtained, the corresponding optical-to-optical efficiency is 52.6%, and the power variations are ±0.7% over 400 s and ±3.1% over the temperature range from 16 ℃ to 26 ℃. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest output power and the highest optical-to-optical efficiency ever reported for VCSEL pumped solid-state lasers. By inserting a telescopic module into the cavity and optimizing the TEM₀₀ mode volume, the average beam quality is measured to be M²=1.34 under an output power of 102 W. The experimental results reveal that such a high power rod laser module with temperature stability is appropriate or field applications.     

脉冲LDA侧面泵浦大能量Nd:YAG激光器时变热效应分析

建立了激光二极管阵列(LDA)侧面泵浦棒状Nd:YAG增益介质时变热效应理论计算模型。采用有限元Ansys软件模拟分析了脉冲LDA侧面泵浦大能量固体激光器的时变热效应特性。研究结果表明,所研究的脉冲LDA侧面泵浦大能量Nd:YAG激光器热效应具有时变特性,介质横截面内中心点处的稳态温度场分布随时间呈锯齿形周期变化,锯齿形变化频率为LDA泵浦频率,脉冲LDA泵浦参数对介质稳态温度场分布有较大影响。分析和计算了介质内热梯度、应力双折射以及激光晶体端面效应等导致的晶体热透镜焦距。计算表明,介质的热焦距主要来源于介质内温度梯度引起的热透镜焦距。     

Thermo-optic effects affecting the high pump power end pumped solid state lasers: Modeling and analysis

A complete solution of the thermal effect for continuous wave laser diode array fiber coupled high pump power end pumped actively solid state laser is presented. In this paper, the thermal loading resulted from energy transfer up-conversion effect for laser operated under different pulse repetition frequency has been taken into account in the overall thermal effects. The thermal loading transfer the absorbed pump power into non-uniform temperature distribution in the laser rod, and thus results in thermal strain, thermal stress, thermal dispersion of index, and thermally induced diffraction losses. For a practical laser cavity configuration containing the internal optical elements, we use spherical aberration theory to give a better explanation of experimental results via calculating diffraction losses quantitatively. According to analysis of thermal focal length experimental data, the results show that our calculated value of thermal loading under fixed Nd³⁺ doped concentration laser crystal is not a constant but a function of pump power instead. The theoretical predicted curve of thermal focal length based on our model is in good agreement with experimental measurements. At low pump power, the thermal loading is a linear function varying with pump power, but it begins to saturate at pump powers exceeding 6 W. This phenomenon is consistent with our physical intuitions.     

High power CW diode-side-pumped Nd:YAG rod laser

We report on the characterization of a diode-side-pumped Nd:YAG rod laser operating at high CW output power. A four-fold pump configuration is designed and the pump light is directly coupled into the Nd:YAG rod without the help of any cylindrical lenses. The distribution of pump light in the Nd:YAG rod has been calculated by using ray tracing program. The thermal lens effect of the Nd:YAG rod has been experimentally measured. A maximum output power of 800 W at 1064 nm in multimode operation is obtained for a pump power of 2400 W with 33% optical-optical efficiency. At the same time, the maximum beam parameter product of 25 mm·mrad is achieved.