混合交通流时间序列的去趋势波动分析

应用去趋势波动分析法研究交通流时间序列的复杂性,探讨了混合交通流时间序列演变行为的标度指数.根据标度指数的变化特征,进而揭示交通流时间序列所具有的长程相关性和短程相关性.通过分析发现,存在一密度ρ,当ρ₁<ρ<ρ₂时,交通流时间序列具有长程相关性;而当ρ<ρ₁或ρ>ρ₂时,交通流时间序列具有短程相关性,即密度的变化影响着标度指数的变化.另外分析了在不同慢车比率条件下时间序列的标度指数,发现慢车比率的变化 关键词： 混合交通流 去趋势波动分析 时间序列 长程相关     

东亚区域大气长程相关性

运用去趋势涨落分析方法分别研究NCEP/NCAR再分析资料中的高度场和温度场,揭示了东亚区域高度场和温度场的标度指数分布特征.结果表明高度场和温度场都具有长程相关性,且二者空间分布特征总体匹配.对同一层格点资料而言,低纬度地区标度指数较大,长程相关性较好;中高纬度地区标度指数较小,长程相关性较差,呈现比较明显的纬向分布特征.不同层格点资料的标度指数分布有所区别,具体表现为高度场资料随层数的增加,其平均标度指数值呈增长趋势且纬向分布特征更为明显;在高度场中下层青藏高原地区标度指数明显大于同纬度其他区域.温度场资料随层数的增加平均标度指数先减小再增大,也具有一定的纬向分布特征.总体而言,高度场长程相关性的标度指数值要高于温度场.分季节研究表明,高度场和温度场也具有较好的长程相关性,冬季标度指数高于其他季节,为利用冬季信息制作夏季汛期预报提供了一定的理论依据. 关键词： 高度场 温度场 长程相关性 去趋势涨落分析     

气象领域极端事件的长程相关性

利用固定阈值法研究了Lorenz系统极端事件序列的长程相关性特征.研究结果表明：不同阈值标定的极端事件序列具有长程相关性,且标度指数α比较接近,但都比Lorenz系统略小.不同的初值对极端事件序列的长程相关性影响不大,即对初值不敏感性,但Lorenz系统的长程相关性随着控制参数的增大而明显减弱.通过与高斯白噪声序列对比研究发现,Lorenz系统极端事件序列具有较好的记忆性特征.最后采用国家气候中心194个测站1957年—2004年日最高气温观测资料进行分析,揭示了实际气象要素中存在类似的规律. 关键词： Lorenz系统 极端事件 长程相关性 记忆性     

极端事件再现时间长程相关性与群发性研究

利用百分位阈值方法定义极端事件,从极端事件再现时间的角度,研究了极端事件发生时间间隔的长程相关性.发现若原时间序列具有长程相关性,则它的极端事件再现时间序列也具有长程相关性,计算表明两者的标度指数α相当接近,这一特性与随机产生的再现时间序列有着本质的差别,再现时间序列的长程相关性是由原序列的长程相关性决定的.具有长程相关性的时间序列再现时间的概率分布明显不同于随机序列,其小值再现时间的概率较大,反映出极端事件的群发现象.本文根据这一特征定义了再现时间的群发性指数,发现时间序列的长程相关性是导     

基于辐照前1/f噪声的金属-氧化物-半导体场效应晶体管辐照退化模型

基于金属-氧化物-半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)噪声的载流子数涨落和迁移率涨落理论,建立了MOSFET辐照前1/f噪声参量与辐照后分别由氧化层陷阱和界面陷阱诱使阈值电压漂移之间的定量数学模型,并通过实验予以验证.研究结果表明,辐照诱生的氧化层陷阱通过俘获和发射过程与沟道交换载流子,在引起载流子数涨落的同时也通过库仑散射导致沟道迁移率的涨落,因此辐照前的1/f噪声幅值正比于辐照诱生的氧化层陷阱数.利用该模型对MOSFET辐照前1/f噪声与辐照退化的相关性从理论上进行了解释,同时也为MOSFET抗辐照能力预测提供理论依据.     

Lorenz系统长程相关性研究

以典型的混沌系统——Lorenz系统为研究对象,运用去趋势涨落分析方法对不同初值和不同参数条件下系统的长程相关性进行研究.结果表明：系统长程相关性与系统初值所处相空间位置有关,初值越靠近不稳定平衡点,系统长程相关性越强,其标度指数α就越大,系统可预测性也就越好.当系统完全处于混沌状态时,随着控制参数r逐步增大其动力学结构的混沌特性更加明显,标度指数α都呈下降趋势,系统长程相关性逐渐减弱,系统可预测性也随之减弱.这揭示了长程相关性与系统可预测性的对应关系.对系统进行 关键词： Lorenz系统 长程相关性 去趋势涨落分析 可预测性     

基于辐照前1/f噪声的金属-氧化物-半导体场效应晶体管辐照退化模型

基于金属-氧化物-半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)噪声的载流子数涨落和迁移率涨落理论,建立了MOSFET辐照前1/f噪声参量与辐照后分别由氧化层陷阱和界面陷阱诱使阈值电压漂移之间的定量数学模型,并通过实验予以验证.研究结果表明,辐照诱生的氧化层陷阱通过俘获和发射过程与沟道交换载流子,在引起载流子数涨落的同时也通过库仑散射导致沟道迁移率的涨落,因此辐照前的1/f噪声幅值正比于辐照诱生的氧化层陷阱数.利用该模型对MOSFET辐照前1/f噪声与辐照退化的相关性从理论上 关键词： f噪声')" href="#">1/f噪声 辐照 金属-氧化物-半导体场效应晶体管 陷阱     

基于长程相关性特征的北京气候中心气候系统模式对中国气温的模拟性能评估

传统对数值模式模拟效果的评估主要是基于均值、趋势、概率密度分布、极值等方面的特征比较模拟要素与观测值的差异或是通过分析模拟值与观测值之间的相关性来定量判断.这类评估方法主要考虑了模式模拟结果与观测资料在统计上的差异,缺乏对两者在动力学特征上的比较.鉴于此,本文基于气象观测资料演变过程中所展现的长程相关性特征,利用去趋势波动分析方法对观测资料和模式模拟数据进行标度分析,研究模式模拟结果是否具有类似于观测资料中的长程相关性特征,进而通过比较观测资料和模式模拟结果的标度指数,从大气演变的内在动力学特征上对模式模拟性能进行评估.本文对北京气候中心气候系统模式对中国地表气温的模拟性能进行了评估,结果表明,该模式能够较好地反映出中国区域气温要素的长程相关性特征,对东北、西北中东部、江淮、江南东部等地模拟效果较好,但对于青藏高原地区及西北大部、华北、黄淮等地的模拟效果相对较差,其中对青藏高原地区和西北西部的模拟效果最差.     

目标图像结构和噪声对相关哈特曼-夏克波前传感精度的影响

以空间频谱描述图像结构,以图像灰度起伏的方均根值与噪声方均根值之比表示信噪比,系统分析了目标图像结构和噪声对相关哈特曼-夏克波前传感精度的影响。理论分析表明,两个子图像的相关函数峰值位置的亚像元插值误差等于其各离散频率成分的相关函数峰值位置插值误差的加权平均;相同功率下,低频成分的加权系数较小,高频成分的加权系数与亚像元偏移量有关。一维窄带图像的统计仿真表明,无噪声时,低频成分和接近奈奎斯特频率成分的误差较大,中频成分的误差较小;有噪声时,噪声对高频成分的影响低于低频成分。对典型频谱的32×32图像仿真表明,图像起伏信噪比为2∶1时,子图像平移量计算误差约0.03~0.11像元,与无噪声时相比增加不大。     

神经元网络中局部同步引发的各种效应

在大脑皮层中,神经元大范围的同步放电可以引发癫痫,而癫痫发作期间可以自发出现螺旋波,大量神经元的同步放电与螺旋波自发产生之间的关系目前仍不清楚.本文通过增加水平长程连接构造了具有局域长程耦合区的二维神经元网络,采用Morris-Lecar神经元模型研究了具有多个长方形长程耦合区的神经元网络中波的传播,数值模拟结果表明:传播方向与长程耦合朝向平行的平面波和靶波经过长程耦合区会导致长程耦合区内的神经元同步激发,这种同步激发伴随一部分神经元延迟激发,而另一部分提前激发;当长程耦合区宽度超过临界宽度时,长程耦合区所有神经元延迟激发;当长程耦合区宽度超过最大导通宽度时,波将不能通过长程耦合区.当适当选择长方形长程耦合区的尺寸时,神经元同步激发可使网络出现波回传效应和具有波传播方向的选择性,而且这种波传播方向的选择性对神经元是否处于定态和耦合强度变化很敏感,以致高频平面波列可以部分通过宽度超过最大导通宽度的长程耦合区,因此可以通过对长程耦合区内的神经元施加微扰来控制低频波是否可以通过一定宽度的长程耦合区.对于适当选取的神经元网络结构,当平面波或靶波经过长程耦合区时,网络可自发出现自维持平面波、螺旋波和靶波等现象.本文对产生这些现象的物理机制作了分析.     

高功率毫米波辐照大鼠失能效应的脑电观察

使用高功率8毫米波辐照清醒的大鼠,同时测量其脑电图。用小波进行多分辨分析,将脑电信号分解成各个节律信号,分析其变化。辐照时,大鼠出现了非节律性的高幅δ波,而且在慢波中夹杂着癫痫样放电,这说明大鼠在受到辐照时产生高度节律紊乱,提示了其受到强烈刺激而进入失能状态。大鼠受到辐照时失能期为辐照第(1.3±0.5)s到(17.2±2.3)s,辐照于30 s时结束,第(62.7±2.6)s时,其脑电图开始恢复。结果表明:大鼠受到高功率毫米波辐照时最佳失能发生在表皮温升较快、表皮损伤较轻的时候,过长时间的辐照不会延长其失能时间,反而会导致其损伤加大。因此,应用高功率毫米波的失能效应时须控制一定剂量。     

A Millimeter Wave Phase Locked and Frequency Multiplying Source

A millimeter wave phase locked and frequency multiplying source is proposed in this paper. The design includes an X-band phase locked loop (PLL) frequency synthesizer as the base frequency source, and a monolithic millimeter wave frequency tripler, which is developed by using OMMIC 0.18μm pHEMT process. The PLL and the tripler are integrated in a single circuit board to make a low-cost and compact frequency source with the size of 6cm × 5cm. Measurement shows an output power of more than 4.8dBm at the frequency range from 35 to 36.7GHz. A phase noise of about -92dBc/Hz at 100kHz offset is achieved.     

A causal and fractional all-frequency wave equation for lossy media

This work presents a lossy partial differential acoustic wave equation including fractional derivative terms. It is derived from first principles of physics (mass and momentum conservation) and an equation of state given by the fractional Zener stress-strain constitutive relation. For a derivative order α in the fractional Zener relation, the resulting absorption α(k) obeys frequency power-laws as α(k) ∝ ω(1+α) in a low-frequency regime, α(k) ∝ ω(1-α/2) in an intermediate-frequency regime, and α(k) ∝ ω(1-α) in a high-frequency regime. The value α=1 corresponds to the case of a single relaxation process. The wave equation is causal for all frequencies. In addition the sound speed does not diverge as the frequency approaches infinity. This is an improvement over a previously published wave equation building on the fractional Kelvin-Voigt constitutive relation.     

Spatial correlations in permeability distributions due to extreme dynamics restructuring of unconsolidated sandstone

We propose a model for porous sandstone formation from unconsolidated sand based on a series of restructuring events where the local pressure difference due to flow in the sand is the largest. We investigate the local and global permeability distributions after steady state has been reached. Whereas we find no spatial correlations in the local permeability distribution, the distribution of inverse permeability shows spatial correlations consistent with a fractional Brownian noise characterized by a Hurst exponent of 0.88(9). The global permeability of the system shows time fluctuations as restructuring proceeds consistent with self-affinity characterized by a Hurst exponent of 0.25(3), crossing over to white noise at larger time scales.     

Photonic generation of high quality frequency-tunable millimeter wave and terahertz wave

A scheme for the photonic generation of frequency-tunable millimeter wave and terahertz wave signals based on a highly flat optical frequency comb is proposed and demonstrated experimentally.The frequency comb is generated using two cascaded phase modulators(PMs)and an electro-absorption modulator(EAM).The frequency comb covers a 440-GHz frequency range,with 40-GHz comb spacing and less than 2-dB amplitude variation.By filtering out two of the comb lines with 50 dB out of the band suppression ratio,high frequency-purity and low phase noise millimeter wave or terahertz wave signals are successfully generated,with frequencies ranging from 40 to 440 GHz.     

Phase Noise Analysis and Estimate of Millimeter Wave PLL Frequency Synthesizer

Phase noise is an important index in evaluating the performance of millimeter wave (MMW) frequency source. Because of the high frequency, it is difficult to measure its phase noise directly. So it is very necessary to find new methods for estimating it effectively and easily. In this paper, the main factors affecting phase noise of MMW PLL frequency source are analyzed, and then a new method to estimate the phase noise is presented, which is based on the comparison of the phase noise of microwave phase-locked frequency source with phase-locked intermediate frequency in MMW phase-locked loop. In order to demonstrate the validity of this method of phase noise estimate, it is applied to estimate the phase noise of 95GHz double PLL frequency synthesizer. The result shows that the theoretical estimate value is well coincident with the experimental value.     

A W-band Frequency Source with Low Spurs and Low Phase Noise

A W-band millimeter wave frequency source is developed by frequency multiplier chain and injection locking. The referenced crystal oscillator (CO) signal 120 MHz is multiplied 400 times to output 48 GHz signal. Then, it is used as a referenced source of fundamental-wave injection-locked harmonic Gunn oscillator with output power more than 10 mW at 96 GHz and spurious output less than −65 dBc. The measured phase noise is −97 and −105 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz and 200 kHz offset, respectively. At last, the influence of the flicker noise, provided by the frequency multipliers and amplifiers, is analyzed.     

Metal mesh couplers using evanescent waves at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths

In this paper we introduce a metal mesh evanescent wave coupler that makes use of evanescent wave coupling between a metal mesh and a dielectric plate, as a quasi-optical component for millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. The transmission properties of this type of couplers have been investigated experimentally and theoretically for both capacitive and inductive metal meshes in the frequency range from 40 GHz to 60 GHz. The transmittance of a capacitive metal mesh evanescent wave coupler can be adjusted more than 70% by changing the spacing between the capacitive mesh and the silicon plate less than 0.15 mm at around 57 GHz.     

Characteristics of millimeter wave detection in a Fabry-Perot resonator using a YBCO-BiO composite superconductor

A quasioptical technique with a hemispherical-type Fabry-Perot resonator for measuring characteristics of millimeter wave detection using a YBCO-BiO composite superconductor has been successfully developed. This Fabry-Perot resonator consists of a spherical mirror and a plane mirror mounted on the cold head of the refrigerator, under a controlled temperature of 40 to 300 K. The method offers the advantages of estimating irradiation power, easily controlling the sample temperature, analyzing the mode of the irradiated millimeter waves and easily extending to higher frequencies. The superconducting millimeter wave detector has been measured with this technique, with measured sensitivities of 46.5 V/W (70 K) to 160 V/W (35 K) at 50 GHz. These results are close to the theoretical values calculated numerically from the characteristics of the detector. It was confirmed that the millimeter wave detection system using the Fabry-Perot resonator is suitable for estimating the sensitivity of the high-Tc superconducting millimeter wave detector.     

A 28GHz CMOS FREQUENCY DOUBLER WITH TFMS

In this paper, a 28GHz CMOS frequency doubler with TFMS (thin film microstrip line) has been introduced in order to experimentally study the possibility of millimeter wave CMOS devices based on TFMS. The present doubler shows 2dB conversion loss and approximately 12dB suppression to fundamental frequency. The result shows that the CMOS technology compatible TFMS are promising on the design of millimeter-wave CMOS devices.