二维骨料随机分布混凝土的动态力学性能数值模拟北大核心CSCD

将混凝土看成粗骨料和水泥砂浆组成的二相非均质复合材料。根据富勒级配曲线和瓦拉文平面转化公式,编写了二维圆形骨料随机分布程序,对混凝土在冲击荷载作用下的动力响应进行了数值模拟。分析冲击速度、试件尺寸、粗骨料大小及分布和粗骨料体积分数对混凝土动态力学性能的影响,讨论了混凝土的冲击破坏模式。数值模拟表明:混凝土的峰值应力随着冲击速度的增大而增大,具有明显的率效应;随着模型尺寸的增大而减小,表现出明显的尺寸效应;随着粗骨料体积分数增大,冲击荷载作用下混凝土的峰值应力呈现先增大后减小的趋势,粗骨料体积分数为40%时混凝土峰值应力最大;保持粗骨料最大粒径不变,随着粗骨料最小粒径的增大,混凝土的峰值应力逐渐减小;保持粗骨料最小粒径不变,随着粗骨料最大粒径的增大,混凝土的峰值应力呈现先增大后减小的趋势。数值模拟结果为混凝土的工程应用提供了理论依据和技术支撑。     

二维骨料随机分布混凝土的动态力学性能数值模拟

将混凝土看成粗骨料和水泥砂浆组成的二相非均质复合材料。根据富勒级配曲线和瓦拉文平面转化公式,编写了二维圆形骨料随机分布程序,对混凝土在冲击荷载作用下的动力响应进行了数值模拟。分析冲击速度、试件尺寸、粗骨料大小及分布和粗骨料体积分数对混凝土动态力学性能的影响,讨论了混凝土的冲击破坏模式。数值模拟表明:混凝土的峰值应力随着冲击速度的增大而增大,具有明显的率效应;随着模型尺寸的增大而减小,表现出明显的尺寸效应;随着粗骨料体积分数增大,冲击荷载作用下混凝土的峰值应力呈现先增大后减小的趋势,粗骨料体积分数为40%时混凝土峰值应力最大;保持粗骨料最大粒径不变,随着粗骨料最小粒径的增大,混凝土的峰值应力逐渐减小;保持粗骨料最小粒径不变,随着粗骨料最大粒径的增大,混凝土的峰值应力呈现先增大后减小的趋势。数值模拟结果为混凝土的工程应用提供了理论依据和技术支撑。     

具有不同界面相厚度的混凝土动态特性

在细观层次上,可将混凝土看作由水泥砂浆、粗骨料和界面相组成的三相复合材料。为探讨界面相对混凝土动态力学特性的影响,编写了含界面相的圆形骨料随机分布程序,并对具有不同界面相厚度的混凝土动态破坏过程进行模拟,揭示界面相厚度、粗骨料大小、粗骨料体积分数和试件尺寸对混凝土动态特性的影响规律。研究表明:与普通混凝土相同,含界面相的混凝土表现出明显的尺寸效应;随着界面相厚度的增大,混凝土承载能力逐渐减小;保持界面相厚度和粗骨料尺寸不变时,随着粗骨料体积分数的增加,混凝土承载能力呈先增大后减小趋势;保持粗骨料最小粒径和界面相厚度不变时,随着粗骨料最大粒径的增大,混凝土承载能力呈先增大后减小趋势。     

界面润湿性及固相体积分数对颗粒粗化动力学影响的相场法研究

利用多相场模型模拟了液-固两相体系中固相颗粒的粗化过程, 分析了界面润湿性及固相体积分数对粗化指数、粗化速率及颗粒尺寸分布的影响.结果表明, 不同固相体积分数下粗化指数基本不变, 但粗化速率常数及尺寸分布与固相体积分数及界面润湿性密切相关.在完全润湿条件下, 随着固相体积分数的增加, 粗化速率常数逐渐增大; 而非完全润湿条件下, 随着固相体积分数的增加, 粗化速率常数增大速度变缓, 且当润湿性较低、 固相分数较大时, 粗化速率常数还将随体积分数的增加而下降. 此外, 模拟结果表明各种润湿条件下颗粒的尺寸分布均随着固相分数增加而变宽, 分布峰值降低, 但非完全润湿条件下峰值下降变缓.模拟结果为理解不同实验观测结果之间的分歧提供了依据. 关键词： 粗化 相转变 相场法 润湿性     

用超声衰减法研究喷射沉积6061Al/SiCp复合材料的阻尼性能

本文通过研究喷射沉积6061Al／SiCp复合材料的超声衰减系数分析材料的阻尼性能。实验结果表明：随着超声频率逐渐增大，该材料对超声吸收和散射增强；在一定范围内，SiC体积分数的增大使吸收衰减系数增大，复合材料阻尼性能增强。     

不同应变率和碳纳米管掺量下混凝土的力学性质与能量演化特征

为研究应变率(加载速率)和多壁碳纳米管掺量对碳纳米管混凝土试样力学性质、能量演化规律及损伤破坏特征的影响,采用RMT-150B岩石力学试验系统,对不同应变率下不同碳纳米管掺量的混凝土试样开展了系列单轴压缩试验。试验结果表明：碳纳米管混凝土试样的延性随着多壁碳纳米管掺量的增加而增大;当应变率恒定时,多壁碳纳米管掺量为0.1%的改性碳纳米管混凝土的单轴抗压强度最大;当多壁碳纳米管掺量恒定时,应变率为5×10^-3 s^-1(0.5 mm/s)时碳纳米管混凝土试样的单轴抗压强度最大;当应变率较大时,在试样峰值应力处,碳纳米管混凝土的能量耗散值占总能量的28.29%;当应变率较小时,试样峰前阶段的能量耗散现象显著,峰值应力处耗散能占比平均高达37.34%;当应变率和多壁碳纳米管掺量均较小时,碳纳米管混凝土在破坏前所吸收的能量大量转化为耗散能,峰后试样能量释放率较小,表现为局部张拉与剪切混合破坏特征;当应变率和多壁碳纳米管掺量均较大时,碳纳米管混凝土在破坏前所吸收的能量主要储存为可释放弹性应变能,在破坏时混凝土试样的能量释放速率较高,碳纳米管混凝土试样破坏...     

二阶层级自相似四边形蜂窝动力压缩行为数值模拟

运用ABAQUS对在冲击载荷作用下二阶自相似四边形蜂窝面外方向的动态压缩行为进行了数值模拟,分析了其在冲击载荷作用下的动态压缩过程,并对孔径尺寸、冲击速度和基体材料屈服强度对其压缩模式及应力-应变关系的影响进行了研究。数值模拟表明:孔径较小的二阶自相似四边形层级蜂窝在冲击载荷作用下更易出现整体坍塌的压缩失效模式;随着基体材料屈服强度增大,平台应力值随之增加,但对平台长度没有影响;随着冲击速度的增加,冲击端平台应力值和平台长度都有所增加。     

冲击载荷下Al2O3陶瓷的失效与破碎特性

作为典型的脆性材料,陶瓷对变形具有高度敏感性,在强动载荷下具有完全不同于延性金属材料的损伤、破坏行为等力学响应特性。采用分离式霍普金森杆测试系统对Al_2O_3陶瓷进行了冲击加载试验,获得了陶瓷的动态抗拉/压力学性能,以及材料破碎特性随应变率的变化关系。利用能量守恒和动力学的理论方法,对脆性陶瓷材料在不同应变率下的力学特性和碎片尺度进行了深入研究。结果表明:在冲击载荷作用下,Al_2O_3陶瓷的抗拉和抗压强度均与应变率呈正相关。Al_2O_3陶瓷试样在一维应力波作用下的破碎颗粒尺寸差异较大,随着加载应变率的增加,破碎的陶瓷颗粒总数增大,颗粒平均粒径减小,应力集中的影响逐渐减弱。采用DID模型模拟的脆性材料碎片尺度与实验结果比较吻合,Grady模型源于韧性材料的推广,与实验结果的偏差较大。     

双分散颗粒体系在临界堵塞态的结构特征

堵塞行为是颗粒体系中一种常见的现象,其力学性质与堆积结构的关联非常复杂.本文采用离散元法研究了由两种不同半径颗粒组成的二维双分散无摩擦球形颗粒体系在临界堵塞态所呈现的结构特征,讨论了大小颗粒粒径比与大颗粒百分比对临界堵塞态的影响.数值模拟结果表明,当粒径比小于1.4时,临界平均接触数与大颗粒百分比关系不大,当粒径比大于1.4时随着大颗粒百分比的增大临界平均接触数先减小再增大.而临界体积分数在粒径比小于1.8时随着大颗粒百分比的增加先减小后增大,大于1.8时又基本不随大颗粒百分比而变化.大颗粒百分比在接近0或1时,系统近似为单分散体系,临界平均接触数与体积分数基本不随半径比的增大而变化;在接近0.5时,临界平均接触数随着半径比的增大逐渐减小,而临界体积分数则是先减小后增大.文中对大-小颗粒这一接触类型的百分比也进行了探讨,其值随着大颗粒百分比的增大呈二次函数的变化趋势,粒径比对这一变化趋势只有较小的影响.     

金刚石-碳化硅超硬复合材料的冲击强度

不同于延性介质,脆性介质的失效破坏严重制约着材料的强度.本文采用一种定量描述脆性介质力学性质的格点-弹簧模型,研究了金刚石-碳化硅超硬复合材料的冲击强度及其细观损伤机理,有助于避免灾变破坏、提高冲击强度.在模型中,通过构建不同体积分数比的金刚石和碳化硅两相复合材料,模拟获得了经受冲击波压缩形变后的宏观波剖面,显示出随着金刚石颗粒含量增加,冲击强度逐渐增大,而后减小;对应于这种变化,损伤演化分析揭示出存在三种细观损伤模式,当金刚石颗粒含量在10%—50%范围内增加时,长距离扩展滑移带占主导;当金刚石颗粒含量为70%时,滑移带已由长距离扩展演化为短细滑移带,损伤主要来自于碳化硅基体,多数金刚石颗粒未发生损伤;当金刚石颗粒含量超过70%的临界值后,短细滑移带也将被强烈限制,应力集中致使金刚石颗粒被严重损伤,冲击强度下降.研究结果为优化设计金刚石-碳化硅超硬复合材料以及制备新型抗冲击材料提供了物理认知.     

Compressive behaviour of dam concrete at higher strain rates

The mechanical behaviour of concrete when subjected to impact or blast has still many aspects requiring further study. Dam concrete is characterized by large coarse aggregates, hence large specimen sizes are needed in order to study a representative volume of the material. Exploiting an innovative equipment, based on Hopkinson bar techniques, the dynamic behaviour of concrete of 64?mm maximum aggregate size has been investigated. Direct dynamic compression tests have been performed on medium and large size cylindrical samples. Full stress-strain curves have been obtained, which have allowed the estimation of fracturing energies and of the relevant dynamic increase factor. The experimental campaign has also included a reference standard concrete in order to highlight the peculiarity of the dam concrete at high strain rates and to validate the transition of this type of testing to very large specimens.     

Acoustic inspection of bond strength of steel-reinforced mortar after exposure to elevated temperatures

In order to evaluate the bond strength between the reinforcement and concrete after fire damage, a combination of acoustic through-transmission and pull-out tests were used. Previous studies have shown a 25% decrease in the ultrasonic pulse velocity at 90% of the maximum load at room temperature. The specimens were kept in the oven at an elevated temperature for 1, 2, or 3 h. They were then removed and cooled to room temperature. Inspection was conducted using a high-power ultrasonic pulse velocity system while a pull-out load was applied. The correlation between preheated temperature, acoustic wave velocity, and the applied load was analyzed. Initial results show that bond strength and pulse velocity decreased substantially as the temperature or the heating time increased.     

Stress field calculation around a particle in elastic–plastic polymer matrix under multiaxial loading as basis for the determination of adhesion strength

The stress distribution around a single particle coated with an elastic interphase embedded within an elastic–plastic polymer matrix under multiaxial load was considered. The specimen has a curved (necked) geometry, which causes multiaxial local stresses in the neighbourhood of the particle. The motivation for the calculations is to determine the maximum radial stress (debonding strength) at the particle surface as a function of applied load. The effect of the particle size on failure initiation is considered. Assuming that the normal stress at the interface is responsible for debonding, the adhesion strength can be determined from the critical load at debonding initiation. Because of the matrix yielding, the relation between the applied load and the maximum radial stress at the particle/interphase interface is a non-linear one. Using this relation, the determination of interfacial strength will be possible by a tensile test.     

蒸养再生骨料混凝土断裂声发射特征*

为研究蒸汽养护对再生骨料混凝土断裂过程损伤特征的影响,开展了再生骨料混凝土三点弯断裂试验,并采用声发射技术对损伤过程进行了监测分析。结果表明,蒸养降低了再生骨料混凝土断裂峰值荷载,断裂过程中声发射信号强度低于标准养护试件。声发射振铃计数、撞击数、b值等参数能够准确反映再生骨料混凝土断裂过程损伤演变规律。加载上升阶段,声发射信号活动性很低,试件内以微裂纹的形成为主,加载至荷载峰值,声发射振铃计数累计值增长呈现平缓阶段,混凝土内微裂缝的聚合会持续一段时间。峰值后荷载迅速降低阶段声发射信号最活跃,为裂缝迅速发展的过程。峰后荷载缓慢降低的过程,声发射信号活跃性降低,裂缝扩展至试件顶部区域,主要是宏观裂缝的开展,不再产生新的裂缝。     

An improved model of damage depth of shock-melted metal in microspall under triangular wave loading

Damage depth is an important dynamic parameter for describing the degree of material damage and is also a key fundamental issue in the field of impact compression technology. The present work is dedicated to the damage depth of shock-melted metal in microspall under triangular wave loading, and an improved model of damage depth considering the material's compressibility and relative movement is proposed. The damage depth obtained from the proposed model is in good agreement with the laser-driven shock loading experiment. Compared with the previous model, the proposed model can predict the damage depth of shock-melted metal in microspall more accurately. Furthermore, two-groups of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH) simulations are carried out to investigate the effects of peak stress and decay length of the incident triangular wave on the damage depth, respectively. As the decay length increases, the damage depth increases linearly. As the peak stress increases, the damage depth increases nonlinearly, and the increase in damage depth gradually slows down. The results of the SPH simulations adequately reproduce the results of the proposed model in terms of the damage depth. Finally, it is found that the threshold stress criterion can reflect the macroscopic characteristics of microspall of melted metal.     

Non-Invasive Size-Control of Pneumatically Conveyed Particles

Investigations on the size control of pneumatically conveyed coarse particles were carried out using a microphone which detects the structure-borne sound caused by the impact of the particles on the pipe wall. Modes of eigenvibrations of the pipes are excited up to a maximum frequency, which decreases with increasing particle size. In an assembly of different sized particles, the lower frequencies are more stimulated as the fraction of larger particles increases. Changes in the particle size distribution are detected by analysing the intensities of the vibration modes which are set up in the walls of the tube by particle impact. One application is the monitoring of the upper range of a particle size distribution.     

Effects of ultrasonic agitation on adhesion strength of micro electroforming Ni layer on Cu substrate

Micro electroforming is an important technology, which is widely used for fabricating micro metal devices in MEMS. The micro metal devices have the problem of poor adhesion strength, which has dramatically influenced the dimensional accuracy of the devices and seriously limited the development of the micro electroforming technology. In order to improve the adhesion strength, ultrasonic agitation method is applied during the micro electroforming process in this paper. To explore the effect of the ultrasonic agitation, micro electroforming experiments were carried out under ultrasonic and ultrasonic-free conditions. The effects of the ultrasonic agitation on the micro electroforming process were investigated by polarization and alternating current (a.c.) impedance methods. The real surface area of the electroforming layer was measured by cyclic voltammetry method. The compressive stress and the crystallite size of the electroforming layer were measured by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) method. The adhesion strength of the electroforming layer was measured by scratch test. The experimental results show that the imposition of the ultrasonic agitation decreases the polarization overpotential and increases the charge transfer process at the electrode–electrolyte interface during the electroforming process. The ultrasonic agitation increases the crystallite size and the real surface area, and reduces the compressive stress. Then the adhesion strength is improved about 47% by the ultrasonic agitation in average. In addition, mechanisms of the ultrasonic agitation improving the adhesion strength are originally explored in this paper. The mechanisms are that the ultrasonic agitation increases the crystallite size, which reduces the compressive stress. The lower the compressive stress is, the larger the adhesion strength is. Furthermore, the ultrasonic agitation increases the real surface area, enhances the mechanical interlocking strength and consequently increases the adhesion strength. This work contributes to fabricating the electroforming layer with large adhesion strength.     

Prediction of concrete strength using ultrasonic pulse velocity and artificial neural networks

Ultrasonic pulse velocity technique is one of the most popular non-destructive techniques used in the assessment of concrete properties. However, it is very difficult to accurately evaluate the concrete compressive strength with this method since the ultrasonic pulse velocity values are affected by a number of factors, which do not necessarily influence the concrete compressive strength in the same way or to the same extent. This paper deals with the analysis of such factors on the velocity-strength relationship. The relationship between ultrasonic pulse velocity, static and dynamic Young’s modulus and shear modulus was also analyzed. The influence of aggregate, initial concrete temperature, type of cement, environmental temperature, and w/c ratio was determined by our own experiments. Based on the experimental results, a numerical model was established within the Matlab programming environment. The multi-layer feed-forward neural network was used for this purpose. The paper demonstrates that artificial neural networks can be successfully used in modelling the velocity-strength relationship. This model enables us to easily and reliably estimate the compressive strength of concrete by using only the ultrasonic pulse velocity value and some mix parameters of concrete.     

磷酸盐钕玻璃表面/亚表面损伤特性实验研究

系统地研究了光学研磨过程中,磨料粒径、载荷大小以及机床转速对钕玻璃表面及亚表面损伤的影响。结果表明,机床转速和载荷基本不改变材料表面粗糙度,而较大载荷或较低机床转速产生较大的亚表面缺陷,表面粗糙度和亚表面缺陷缺陷深度基本与最大磨料粒径呈正比,载荷增倍使亚表面缺陷与表面粗糙度的常数比值增加0.05。研究结果为钕玻璃加工工艺改进提供了参考依据。     

Ultrasonic pretreatment of spodumene with different size fractions and its influence on flotation

The potential of ultrasonic pretreatment enhancing selective surface dissolution to improve the floatability of spodumene with different size fractions was verified and investigated. For coarse particles of −0.15 + 0.0385 mm, compared with traditional pretreatment methods, ultrasonic pretreatment could optimize the physicochemical properties of the surface, markedly increased the amount of NaOL adsorbed on the mineral surface, and improved the floatability of the spodumene. For fine particles of −0.0385 mm, both pretreatment methods (Ultrasonic and Traditional) could greatly increase the flotation recovery, but ultrasonic pretreatment had no obvious advantage compared with traditional method. ICP combined with XPS analysis were conducted to investigate the dissolution mechanism of spodumene surface in different pretreatment system. Si species on the surface of coarse particles were easily dissolved into the solution under the effect of ultrasound, which increases the relative content of Al and Li species on the surface. This was conducive to the adsorption of the collectors on the surface. However, the selective dissolution of the fine particle surface was weakened by excessive energy intake in the ultrasonic system, which neutralized the advantage brought by the large amount of dissolution, making the results obtained by the two preprocessing methods the same.