C60团簇与稠密等离子体相互作用的数值模拟

采用球壳层模型研究了C60团簇与稠密等离子体的相互作用．假定离子团中离子之间的位置矢量的取向是随机的，在线性化的伏拉索夫一泊松理论框架下，借助于经典的等离子体介电函数，推导出C60离子团簇的自能和阻止本领的解析表达式．通过数值求解离子团半径变化的运动方程，研究了团簇的库仑爆炸过程，并讨论了入射速度、等离子体密度和电子温度对自能、阻止本领和库仑爆炸的影响．结果发现自能中的尾流效应降低了C60团簇离子的库仑爆炸速度，甚至可以稳定C60团簇的结构．     

C60团簇与稠密等离子体相互作用的数值模拟

采用球壳层模型研究了C60团簇与稠密等离子体的相互作用.假定离子团中离子之间的位置矢量的取向是随机的,在线性化的伏拉索夫-泊松理论框架下,借助于经典的等离子体介电函数,推导出C60离子团簇的自能和阻止本领的解析表达式.通过数值求解离子团半径变化的运动方程,研究了团簇的库仑爆炸过程,并讨论了入射速度、等离子体密度和电子温度对自能、阻止本领和库仑爆炸的影响.结果发现自能中的尾流效应降低了C60团簇离子的库仑爆炸速度,甚至可以稳定C60团簇的结构.     

快速C60离子团在固体中的库仑爆炸过程Ⅰ球壳层模型

研究了快速C60 离子团在固体中穿行时的库仑爆炸过程 .假定离子团中离子之间位置矢量的取向是随机的 ,并且采用球壳模型描述C60 离子团的结构 .借助于线性介电响应理论和等离子 极点近似介电函数 ,推导出C60 离子团自能的解析表达式 .通过数值求解描述离子团半径变化的运动方程 ,可以发现自能中的“尾效应”可以降低C60 离子团的库仑爆炸速度 ,甚至可以稳定C60 离子团的结构     

快速C60离子团在固体中的库仑爆炸过程Ⅱ分子动力学模拟

研究了快速C60 离子团与固体材料的相互作用过程 .借助于线性介电响应理论及等离子 极点近似介电函数 ,推导出作用在团簇中单个离子上的动力学相互作用力 ,并建立了一套描述离子团中单个离子运动的方程组 .通过数值求解运动方程组 ,可以发现 ,对于高速C60 离子团在固体中穿行时 ,由于动力学相互作用力的影响 ,使得库仑爆炸图形呈现出很强的非球对称性 ,即离子团中的导航离子群爆炸得较快 ,而尾随离子群则保持相对地稳定     

飞秒强激光场中大尺寸氩团簇爆炸机理的实验研究

利用飞行时间谱，研究了在飞秒强激光场（60 fs，2×1016 W/cm2）作用下，大尺寸氩原子团簇Arn（n—=3×103—3×106原子/每团簇）的电离爆炸过程，测量了 团簇爆炸所产生的氩离子的平均能量与团簇尺寸（气体背压）的关系.实验发现，随着气体 背压的升高（团簇尺寸增大），氩离子的平均能量也相应升高.通过分析两个不同几何尺寸 锥形超声喷嘴所产生团簇爆炸后的离子能量，结合Hagena团簇尺寸规律，发现在激光参数保 持不变的情况下，离子的平均能量由团簇尺寸唯一确定.分析表明，团簇尺寸在3×105原 子/每团簇以下时，团簇膨胀的主要机理是库仑爆炸.随着团簇尺寸的进一步增大，团簇膨胀 机理将由库仑爆炸向流体动力学膨胀过渡，在3×105关键词： 原子团簇 飞秒强激光 库仑爆炸 流体动力学膨胀     

飞秒强激光脉冲中氩团簇库仑爆炸特性研究

利用Bathe模型，理论模拟了氩团簇在飞秒强激光中(100 fs, 1016 W/cm2)的电离和爆炸过程.研究结果显示，在团簇尺寸较小时，离子平均能量与团簇初始半径平方成正比，爆炸机制为典型的库仑爆炸.随着团簇尺寸的增加，能量增加的速度趋缓并在一定团簇尺寸后趋于饱和.模拟结果与实验数据有较好的吻合.     

快速C60离子团在固体中的库仑爆炸过程Ⅰ——球壳层模型

研究了快速C₆₀离子团在固体中穿行时的库仑爆炸过程.假定离子团中离子之间位置矢量的取向是随机的,并且采用球壳模型描述C₆₀离子团的结构.借助于线性介电响应理论和等离子-极点近似介电函数,推导出C₆₀离子团自能的解析表达式.通过数值求解描述离子团半径变化的运动方程,可以发现自能中的“尾效应”可以降低C₆₀离子团的库仑爆炸速度,甚至可以稳定C₆₀离子团的结构. 关键词： 离子团 库仑爆炸 球壳模型     

C20离子团簇在氧化物中穿行时库仑爆炸过程的理论研究

研究了C20团簇在几种金属氧化物(Al2O3,SiO2)中穿行时发生的库仑爆炸过程.采用线性介电响应理论,并结合Mermin形式的介电函数,得到了团簇中各组成离子的空间感应势,其中组成团簇中各组成离子的电荷分布情况由Brandt-Kitagawa有效电荷理论模型来描述.通过求解运动方程得到离子团结构随时间的演化过程,并采用Monte Carlo方法模拟了爆炸过程中的多重散射现象.我们发现,尾流效应使团簇的空间结构和电荷分布呈现非对称性.     

C20离子团簇在氧化物中穿行时库仑爆炸过程的理论研究

本文研究了C20团簇在几种金属氧化物(Al2O3,SiO2)中穿行时发生的库仑爆炸过程.采用线性介电响应理论,并结合Mermin形式的介电函数,得到了团簇中各组成离子的空间感应势,其中组成团簇中各组成离子的电荷分布情况由Brandt-Kitagawa有效电荷理论模型来描述.通过求解运动方程得到离子团结构随时间的演化过程,并采用Monte Carlo方法模拟了爆炸过程中的多重散射现象.我们发现,尾流效应使团簇的空间结构和电荷分布呈现非对称性.     

激光对宽能域碳离子在双组份等离子体中阻止本领的影响

在线性化伏拉索夫-泊松模型基础上研究了激光辐照下碳离子在双组份等离子体中的阻止本领,重点讨论了不同激光振幅、激光频率、激光角度、等离子体密度和等离子体电子温度对阻止本领的影响。研究结果表明,在全域范围内,激光对阻止本领的影响都非常明显。在低能区域（入射速度为等离子体电子热速度的0～0.1倍）,碳离子的阻止本领主要来自于等离子体中离子的贡献,特别是在入射速度约为等离子体离子热速度时,阻止本领出现了第一个峰值;在中高能区域（入射速度大于0.1倍的等离子体电子热速度）,碳离子的能量损失主要来自于等离子体中电子的贡献,特别是在入射速度约为等离子体电子热速度的1.5倍时,阻止本领出现了第二个峰值。碳离子在等离子体中阻止本领的这种双峰结构体现了不同能量区域等离子体中离子和电子对阻止本领的贡献。另一方面,激光强度或激光频率的增加削弱了阻止本领,阻止本领会随着等离子体密度的增加或电子温度的降低而增强,特别是由于离子引起的低能峰与电子引起的高能峰相比阻止本领的增强更明显。     

Kinetic description of the Coulomb explosion of a spherically symmetric cluster

The particle distribution function is calculated for the Coulomb explosion of a spherically symmetric charged cluster formed through the interaction of intense ultrashort laser pulses with a cluster gas. The particle density and mean velocity distributions as well as the energy spectra of the accelerated particles are obtained. These characteristics are analyzed in detail for a cold cluster plasma, where the kinetic effects determine the physics of multiple flows emerging after the turnover of the cluster particle velocity profile. We find the boundaries of the multiple-flow regions and study the characteristics of an exploding cluster as a function of its initial density profile. The energy spectra of the accelerated ions are obtained for a cluster plasma with a specified cluster size distribution.     

Stopping of Heavy Ions in Magnetized Strongly Coupled Plasmas: High‐Velocity Limit

The energy loss of a heavy ion moving in a magnetized strongly coupled electron plasma is considered within the linear response treatment and in high‐velocity regime. The analytical expressions for the stopping power have been found for the arbitrary ion incidence angle. The obtained general expression for the stopping power is analyzed for the ion which moves parallel or perpendicular to the magnetic field. It is found that in general the magnetic field and the Coulomb coupling reduce the stopping power as well as the dynamical screening length at high velocities. The influence of the magnetic field and the Coulomb coupling on the high‐velocity stopping power is discussed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Analytical models of laser-trigged ion acceleration

We review the recent advances in constructing analytical solutions of self-consistent Vlasov-Poisson equations in plasma. These solutions describe different physical phenomena, such as the ion acceleration in the adiabatic expansion of a plasma bunch and the Coulomb explosion of cluster plasma. The particle distribution function, mean velocity, and density distribution, as well as the energy spectra for accelerated ions, are discussed.     

A simple model for latent track formation due to cluster ion stopping and fragmentation in solids

An estimate of the electronic stopping of a swift cluster ion during different stages of penetration in a given material is presented. We take a simplified approach to the stopping process by neglecting vicinage effects on the stopping cross section as well as spatial distortion due to Coulomb forces among ions. The different stages of penetration and energy loss are based on the hypothesis of formation of a transient plasma (the plasma stopping regime)—due to the release of energetic electrons from the target material—within and around the spatial region defined by the correlated positions of each cluster constituent ion (atom). The density of the transient plasma is treated as a function of the rate of energy deposition and depth up to a point where the rate of energy deposition yields a threshold value where the ejected target electrons immediately recombine so that stopping in a cold target begins (conventional stopping regime) and where the cluster constituent ions start being neutralized according to a charge equilibration scheme as depicted by the effective charge relation of Betz. The model is applied to the stopping of 40.2 Mev C₆₀³⁺ projectiles penetrating an Yttrium–Iron Garnet (YIG) target. Also, in this case, a possible explanation for the experimentally observed cluster-fragmentation events at a certain depth is presented.     

Anisotropic explosions of hydrogen clusters under intense femtosecond laser irradiation

We report on measurements of ion energy distributions from hydrogen clusters irradiated by intense laser pulses of duration 40 and 250 fs. Contrary to the predictions of a simple Coulomb explosion model, we observe a pronounced spatial anisotropy of the ion energies from these explosions with the highest energy ions ejected along the laser polarization direction. The origin of the anisotropy is distinct from that previously seen in clusters of high Z atoms such as Ar and Xe. Furthermore, a measured increase in H+ ion energy when longer, lower intensity pulses are employed suggests that multiple-pass, vacuum heating of the cluster electrons is important in the deposition of energy by the laser.     

强激光场中氘团簇双重膨胀引发核聚变

在超强fs激光与氘团簇的相互作用中, 分析了可以引发核聚变的高能氘核产生的原因,提出了团簇双重膨胀的机制,计算了氘核动能及团簇解体的时间, 为选取合适的激光脉冲宽度参数提供参考. Considering the Coulomb explosion induced by the interaction of a deuterium cluster target with ultra intensity femtosecond laser,the causation which generate energetic deuterium nuclei for the fusion has been analyzed. The mechanism for the dual explosion of deuterium cluster is proposed, and hence the velocity of deuterium nuclei and the expansion time of deuterium ion clusters have been estimated.     

The 1908 Tunguska cosmic body (TCB) explosion: Role of hydrogen thermonuclear explosion in support of cometary hypothesis

If the 1908 Tunguska cosmic body (TCB) explosion involved a comet, compressional heating of the comet was expected to create hydrogen and deuterium plasma. The velocity distribution of protons and deuterons in this plasma is not expected to be the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. It is shown that the use of a generalized momentum distribution leads to substantial increases of deuteron fusion rates and that a thermonuclear explosion may compete with a thermo-chemical explosion. Therefore, it may be possible that a thermo-chemical explosion induced a hydrogen thermonuclear explosion and both the thermo-chemical and thermonuclear explosions occurred in the 1908 Tunguska event. Experimental tests of this hypothesis are proposed.     

Energetic ion generation by Coulomb explosion in cluster gas and a low-density plastic foam with an intense femtosecond laser

The energy distributions of protons emitted from the Coulomb explosion of hydrogen clusters by an intense femtosecond laser have been experimentally obtained. Ten thousand hydrogen clusters were exploded, emitting 8.1-keV protons under laser irradiation of intensity 6 × 10¹⁶W/cm². The energy distributions are interpreted well by a spherical uniform cluster analytical model. The maximum energy of the emitted protons can be characterized by cluster size and laser intensity. The laser intensity scale for the maximum proton energy, given by a spherical cluster Coulomb explosion model, is in fairly good agreement with the experimental results obtained at a laser intensity of 10¹⁶–10¹⁷ W/cm² and also when extrapolated with the results of three-dimensional particle simulations at 10²⁰–10²¹ W/cm². Energetic proton generation in low-density plastic (C₅H₁₀) foam by intense femtosecond laser pulse irradiation has been studied experimentally and numerically. Plastic foam was successfully produced by a sol-gel method, achieving an average density of 10 mg/cm³. The foam target was irradiated by 100-fs pulses of a laser with intensity 1 × 10¹⁸ W/cm². A plateau structure extending up to 200 keV was observed in the energy distribution of protons generated from the foam target, with the plateau shape explained well by Coulomb explosion of lamella in the foam. The laser-foam interaction and ion generation were studied qualitatively by two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, which indicated that energetic protons are mainly generated by the Coulomb explosion. From the results, the efficiency of energetic ion generation in a low-density foam target by Coulomb explosion is expected to be higher than in a gas-cluster target.