微通道内气体流动的格子Boltzmann方法研究

采用格子Boltzmann方法模拟了微通道在滑移区内不同Knudsen数下的微气体Poiseuille流,分析了微气体流动的速度分布以及流量与压降的关系,并给出了相对滑移长度和Poiseuille数随Knudsen数的变化特性。研究结果表明,微气体Poiseuille流的速度轮廓呈抛物线分布,但是边界速度大于0,出现速...     

微通道中压力驱动Poiseuille流数值分析

采用26阶矩方程方法对稀薄气体在平板微通道与微圆通道中压力驱动的Poiseuille流动进行数值分析,获得稀薄气体在微通道内的速度分布、压力分布规律。数值分析结果表明:气体压力在微通道中沿主流方向呈非线性分布,且非线性程度随Kn数的增大而减小,分布趋势随Kn数的改变产生微小的变化;随Kn数的增大,微圆通道中气体沿径向速度分布出现双峰现象。研究结果与DSMC方法及格子-Boltzmann方法对比符合较好。     

微槽道气体流动的统计模拟

利用基于分子模型的统计模拟方法——信息保存方法(IP)统计模拟了实验条件下微槽道气体流动,仔细讨论了用IP方法模拟长槽道稀薄气流时遇到的问题,并给出了解决的方法,即采取守恒形式的控制方程避免质量流量计算误差积累,并利用超松弛方法使收敛过程加速.将IP计算结果与压力分布和质量流量实验数据进行了比较.     

速度滑移和温度阶跃对微尺度流动和换热的影响

1前言近年来，对微尺度换热器和微型槽道内介质的流动和换热的研究日益引起人们的重视[1]。但各研究者的结论却大相径庭[2-6],其流动与换热规律，迄今无统一认识。本文认为：随着流道尺寸的减小，边界效应的影响不可忽视。基于此，通过引入Knudsen数，以局部充分发展流动假设为前提，在N－S方程基础上，数值模拟了微槽道的流动与换热情况，并与国外的实验结果进行了对比分析[5-6].2压力分布方程的导出及与实验结果的比较首先从平行平板间的不可压缩流体流动分析入手，流动方向为X向。连续性方程可简化为：引入速度滑移边界条件：由式（1）…     

一种滑移区气体流动的格子Boltzmann曲边界处理新格式

针对滑移区复杂气-固边界存在速度滑移现象,提出了一种基于格子Boltzmann方法的非平衡态外推与有限差分相结合的曲边界处理新格式.该格式具有可考虑实际物理边界与网格线偏移量的优势,较传统half-way DBB(diffusive bounce-back)格式更能准确反映实际边界情况,同时还可获取壁面处气体宏观量及其法向梯度等信息.采用本文所提曲边界处理格式模拟分析了滑移区气体平直/倾斜微通道Poiseuille流、微圆柱绕流和同心微圆柱面旋转Couette流问题.研究结果表明,采用曲边界处理新格式所得结果与理论值以及文献结果符合良好,适用于滑移区气体流动的复杂边界处理,且比half-way DBB格式具有更高的精度,较修正DBB格式具有更好的适应性.     

矩形微槽道饱和沸腾临界热流密度特性

对矩形微槽中的流动沸腾临界热流密度进行了实验研究。研究CHF随质量流速、进口过冷度和出口干度的增加而出现的变化趋势,以及槽道尺寸对CHF的影响。搭建试验平台,在不同槽道当量直径、较大范围的质量流速和不同进口过冷度条件下,获得以去离子水为工质两相沸腾传热的实验数据。由于常规尺寸槽道CHF预测关联式并不具有普遍性,所以提出了一个适用于微槽道饱和沸腾CHF的预测模型。并通过与该文以及参考文献中实验数据进行对比,验证了该模型的适用性。     

滑移流区内微环缝槽道中的层流流动与换热

本文针对微环缝槽道采用速度滑移和温度跳跃边界条件求解了不可压缩气体的Ｎ－Ｓ方程和能量方程,理论分析了微环缝槽道在单侧或双侧不同热流密度加热条件下的流动与层流换热特性,讨论了Ｋｎ数、内外径比对流动阻力及换热特性的影响。结果表明：滑移流区微环继通道内的流阻和Ｎｕｓｓｅｌｔ数明显低于连续流区;且随着Ｋｎ数的增加,流阻和Ｎｕｓｓｅｌｔ数均减小;但其随内外径比ｒ＊的变化趋势与连续流区相似。     

微槽结构和工质对槽内流动沸腾的影响

本文报道实验测试甲醇等低沸点工质在微槽内流动沸腾特性的结果，并对所呈现的起始沸腾区有明显壁温回落等现象作出分析，从而在一定程度上揭示出微型槽道和工质本身特性对流动沸腾特性的影响。     

竖直槽道中稠密气粒两相流动的瞬态结构

本文采用流动显示方法对竖直槽道中稠密气粒两相流动的瞬态结构进行了研究,发现当表观气速高于管道流态化的最小临界速度但低于节涌状态向湍动状态过渡的临界速度时,槽道中没有明显的气泡出现,而是形成一条穿过颗粒密相区的气流通道。当表观气速较低时,气流通道始终偏向槽道一侧。表现气速较高时,气流通道在槽道两侧摆动。在湍动状态下,槽道中的流态和管道中的流态相似。在快速流态化情况下,当颗粒循环量在一定范围时,槽道壁面附近会出现准静止的大尺度颗粒团。     

矩形微槽道相变流阻的实验研究

以去离子水为工质,对高为2mm,宽分别为0.3mm、0.6mm、2mm的矩形微槽中的两相传热特性与流动阻力特性进行了实验与理论研究。实验结果表明,三种微槽的饱和沸腾传热系数随着热流密度的增加而增加,并对三种微槽传热系数随热流密度关系的实验数据进行了拟合,得出了实验条件下的传热系数与热流密度的关联式及相同热流密度或者质量流速下槽道尺寸对传热系数的影响;此外,矩形微槽道压降△p随着尺寸的减小而增大。     

EMD与神经网络在气液两相流流型识别中的应用

本文提出了EMD与Elman神经网络相结合的气液两相流流型识别的新方法.将压差波动信号经验模态分解(EMD)后的固有模态函数(IMF)进行分析、提取IMF能量作为Elman神经网络的输入特征向量,对水平管内的气液两相流流型进行识别.实验结果表明:该方法优于BP网络且稳定、识别率高,具有可行性.     

圆柱振荡绕流中涡旋运动模式(pattern)的数值模拟

提出并发展的一种基于区域分解思想,综合了解N-S方程的有限差分法及涡法各自优点的新数值方法,计算了各种 Keulegan-Carpenter数下(Kc=2~24)振荡流绕圆柱的流动。系统地研究了振荡流中涡旋运动模式随Kc数变化的规律,模拟了不对称区、单对涡区(或模向区)、双对涡区(或对角区)和三对涡区四种不同的涡旋运动模式。将计算所得的阻力系数C_D、惯性系数C_M与国外近期发表的计算结果进行了比较。     

Development of a new correlation to calculate permeability for flows with high Knudsen number

Flows with high Knudsen number play a prominent role in many engineering applications. The present study is an effort toward the simulation of flow with high Knudsen number using modified lattice Boltzmann method(LBM) through a porous medium in a channel. The effect of collision between molecules and solid walls, which is required to accurately simulate transition flow regime, is taken into account using a modified relaxation time. Slip velocity on the wall, which is another significant difficulty in simulating transition flow regime, is captured using the slip reflection boundary condition(SRBC). The geometry of porous medium is considered as in-line and staggered. The results are in good agreement with previous works. A new correlation is obtained between permeability, Knudsen number and porosity for flows in transition flow regimes.     

过渡流区钝锥体Linear桥函数调节参数研究

由于过渡区域流动的物理现象的复杂性和流动控制方程的非线性, 航天飞行器设计所需要的气动加热特性目前主要由工程计算方法得到. 为了使计算过渡流区热流的Linear桥函数方法能适用于广泛应用的钝锥体外形, 拟合得到了相应的调节参数, 使用DSMC方法对计算结果进行验证. 验证结果表明该调节参数适用于钝锥体外形, 使得Linear桥函数在过渡流区能比较准确地计算钝锥体物面热流.     

Transitions between flow regimes of baroclinic flow in a rotating annulus of fluid

Baroclinic flow in a rotating annulus of fluid shows remarkable transitions of flow patterns as do Rayleigh–Benard convection and Taylor vortices. There are four flow regimes in two nondimensional parameter space, called a symmetric regime (Hadley regime), a steady wave regime (Rossby regime), a vacillating wave regime and a geostrophic turbulence regime. Laminar flow in a symmetric regime is formed between the balance of a horizontal pressure gradient force and a Coriolis torque (geostrophic balance), and this flow becomes unstable when one of the nondimensional parameters, the thermal Rossby number, becomes less than the critical value. In this paper, the characteristic features of the four flow regimes are reviewed including recent findings about the behavior of geostrophic turbulence.     

Presence of many stable nonhomogeneous states in an inertial car-following model

We present a single lane car- following model of traffic flow which is inertial and free of collisions. It demonstrates observed features of traffic flow such as existence of three regimes: free, nonhomogeneous congested (NHC) or synchronized, and homogeneous congested (HC) or jammed flow; bistability of free and NHC flow states in a range of densities, hysteresis in transitions between these states; jumps in the density-flux plane in the NHC regime; gradual spatial transition from synchronized to free flow; long survival time of jams in the HC regime. The model predicts that in the NHC regime there exist many stable states with different wavelengths, and noise can cause transitions between them.     

Quasi-one-dimensional nonstationary temperature field of a turbulent flow in a well

A model of a temperature field of a turbulent flow in a well is developed using ??on the average exact?? asymptotic method. It is shown that a zero-order approximation describes an averaged temperature value over a well cross-section and does not depend on the flow regime, the turbulent regime contribution is taken into account by the first asymptotic expansion coefficient.     

跨流域高超声速绕流环境Boltzmann模型方程统一算法研究

如何准确可靠地模拟从外层空间高稀薄流到近地面连续流的航天器高超声速绕流环境与复杂流动变化机理是流体物理的前沿基础科学问题. 基于对Boltzmann方程碰撞积分的物理分析与可计算建模, 确立了可描述自由分子流到连续流区各流域不同马赫数复杂流动输运现象统一的Boltzmann模型速度分布函数方程, 发展了适于高、低不同马赫数绕流问题的离散速度坐标法和直接求解分子速度分布函数演化更新的气体动理论数值格式, 建立了模拟复杂飞行器跨流域高超声速飞行热环境绕流问题的气体动理论统一算法. 对稀薄流到连续流不同Knudsen数0.002 ≤Kn_∞ ≤1.618、不同马赫数下可重复使用卫星体再入过程(110–70 km)中高超声速绕流问题进行算法验证分析, 计算结果与典型文献的Monte Carlo直接模拟值及相关理论分析符合得较好. 研究揭示了飞行器跨流域不同高度高超声速复杂流动机理、绕流现象与气动力/热变化规律, 提出了一个通过数值求解介观Boltzmann模型方程, 可靠模拟高稀薄自由分子流到连续流跨流域高超声速气动力/热绕流特性统一算法.     

Modified relaxation time Monte Carlo method for continuum-transition gas flows

Gas flows in the continuum-transition regime often occur in micro-electro-mechanical systems. The relaxation time Monte Carlo (RTMC) method was modified by using an ellipsoid statistical model and a multiple translational temperature model in the BGK model equation to simulate continuum-transition gas flows. The modified RTMC method uses a simplified form of the generalized relaxation time, which is related to the macro velocity and the local Knudsen number. The results for Couette flow and Poiseuille flow in microchannels predicted using the modified RTMC and the DSMC are in good agreement with the modified RTMC being much faster than the DSMC for continuum-transition gas flow simulations.     

The pulsating laminar flow in a rectangular channel

The finite difference method is used to solve the task of the developed pulsating laminar flow in a rectangular channel. The optimum of the difference scheme parameters was determined. Data on the amplitude and phase of the longitudinal velocity oscillations, the hydraulic and friction drag coefficients, the shear stress on the wall have been obtained. Using the dimensionless value of the frequency pulsations two characteristic regimes — the quasisteady-state regime and the high-frequency regime have been identified. In the quasi-steady-state regime, the values of all hydrodynamic quantities at each instant of time correspond to the velocity value averaged over the cross section at a given moment of time. It is shown that in the high-frequency regime, the dependences on the dimensionless oscillation frequency of oscillating components of hydrodynamic quantities are identical for rectilinear channels with a different cross-sectional form (round pipe, flat and a rectangular channels). The effect of the aspect ratio of the rectangular channel sides channel on the pulsating flow dynamics has been analyzed.