格雷码与六步相移编码融合的三维结构光学测量方法

编码结构光技术是一种获取复杂目标三维结构的典型测量技术,其将编码后的结构光图案投射到待测物体表面进行调制、采集,并通过解码计算三维面形数据,可见编码方法是结构光三维测量技术的核心问题。然而,通用的格雷码编码方法和六步相移编码方法都存在一定缺陷,为此,以获取物体的高精度三维点云数据为目标,提出了一种融合格雷码与六步相移的结构光技术。首先,将格雷码结构光设计为7幅黑白相间的条纹周期图像,并通过投射角度解码操作将图像划分为多个区域;然后,设计六步相移结构光为6幅具有相位差的余弦周期图像,通过相位解包裹操作将每个子区域细分到单个像素单元;最后,融合以上两种编码结构光解码值,计算图像内每个空间点的绝对相位信息。仿真实验与实际测试实验显示,与传统六幅莫尔条纹结构光技术相比,融合结构光技术计算量较小,同时也克服了单独使用格雷码或相移技术所存在的问题,能够以较高精度获取物体目标的三维结构细节,为基于结构光的双目三维扫描系统提供一定理论依据。     

基于编码光栅的空间不连续三维物体表面的绝对相位获取方法

为快速获取空间不连续三维物体表面的绝对相位,提出了一种基于编码光栅的相位展开方法。该方法只需投射一幅带有编码信息的光栅条纹图像,即可获取相位展开所必需的条纹级数信息,从而得到整个被测表面的绝对相位信息。根据相位-深度关系,可获得整个被测表面的三维信息。与基于格雷码的相位展开方法相比,该方法不依赖被测物体的灰度信息,抗噪声性能更好。该方法只需额外投射一幅编码条纹图像,更适用于对实时性要求比较高的三维测量。通过实验证明了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于自适应条纹投影的彩色物体三维形貌测量

针对三维形貌测量技术中彩色物体表面反射率的非均匀性影响测量结果的问题,提出一种基于自适应条纹投影的三维形貌测量技术,该方法可避免彩色物体表面反射率非均匀的影响,提高系统的测量精度。彩色相机采集RGB光强图像,并根据物体表面颜色的反射特性计算每个像素点的最优投射光强和颜色;采集水平和垂直的正弦条纹序列,利用计算所得绝对相位值将相机图像坐标系中每一个像素点的最优投射光强和颜色映射到投影仪像素坐标系;投射自适应条纹序列进而测量彩色物体的三维形貌。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效测量彩色物体三维形貌,具有很高的测量精度。     

水中物体的光学三维形貌测量的研究

提出了一种对水中物体进行光学投影式表面三维形貌测量的新方法。通常的测量方法都是假设摄像机和被测物体都处于空气中,测量水中物体时,由于光在空气、水分界面上发生折射,投射到被测表面的光条纹图像发生扭曲,从而给三角测量法带来误差。新方法可以精确测量出水中被测物表面的三维坐标并计算出物体的几何尺寸,实验验证了该方法的有效性。考虑折射后,该测量类似于在空气环境中的测量。采用的极线约束及亚像素技术,提高了测量精度和速度。     

基于相移结构光照明的浮雕成像技术研究

详细介绍了一种基于相移结构光照明的浮雕成像技术,对该成像技术的原理和成像特性进行了实验研究,并采用相移结构光照明的方法实现彩色浮雕成像。实验中,将多幅相移正弦条纹光场斜投射到被拍摄物体上,数码相机依次拍摄被照明的物体,再利用拍摄到的多幅相移图像,通过计算的方法重建出所需要的图像。理论分析和实验结果表明,相移结构光照明成像技术能有效地消去环境不均匀光照的影响,获取的反射率分布图像只与结构光照明有关,突显了斜投射照明所形成的阴影,图像的明暗变化反映出物体表面的法线变化,因而在视觉上形成了明显的浮雕效果。     

基于自适应条纹投影的高反光物体三维面形测量

结构光投影方法在三维形貌测量中应用广泛,但是由于被测物体表面反射率变化范围较大,过度曝光会导致相位信息无法获取。而传统的高动态范围扫描技术步骤复杂,耗时较长。文中提出一种自适应条纹投影技术,向待测物体表面投射较高灰度级的条纹图,判断并标记过度曝光点。降低投射强度后通过非线性最小二乘法拟合来确定每个饱和像素点最适合的最大输入灰度,用重新生成的自适应条纹图来采集图像并进行相位计算和三维形貌恢复。通过实验验证,该方法可以对物体表面的高反光区域进行有效测量,避免过度饱和,仿真误差在0.02 mm范围内,实测误差约为0.14 mm,实际实验对过曝点的补偿率可达到99%。     

投射离焦三维测量方法

提出了一种在投射光路中实现主动离焦三维测量的方法。该方法采用改变投射参数来拍摄物体的两幅图像,通过计算图像的调制度分布来获得物体的三维分布。该方法不但可使三维测量的空间分辨率达到单个像素,而且扩大了离焦三维测量的使用范围。实验得到的精度高于2.8%。     

基于线结构光的双目三维体积测量系统

针对工业应用中工件的体积测量问题,设计了一个基于双目立体视觉原理的体积测量系统。线结构光投射到被测物表面产生变形的激光条纹,精确提取光条中心线,利用极线约束实现左右图像特征点匹配;根据双目视觉原理,由光条图像坐标计算出其在相机坐标系下的三维坐标,完成三维重建;将相机坐标系下的三维点云转换到理想的世界坐标系下,经过积分计算得到被测物体积。采用该系统对不规则棱锥实现三维重建,并完成体积测量。实验结果表明该方法具有一定的可行性和有效性,在工业检测领域有较好的应用前景。     

基于相移的彩色结构光编码三维扫描技术

在物体三维轮廓扫描中,被动式双目立体视觉方法对表面特征不明显的物体难以获取足够的三维信息,针对这一问题,基于双目立体视觉原理,结合主动视觉中结构光投射方法,提出了基于相移的彩色结构光编码方法。该方法将四种颜色按照全排列的相关性质编码产生彩色光栅投射在被测物体表面,依据光栅相位移动增大光栅密度,结合极线约束实现立体匹配,最终获取物体三维数据。结果表明使用该三维扫描技术得到的三维曲面符合原物特征,特别适用于物体三维轮廓的致密测量。     

基于莫尔拓扑与图像处理的三维形貌术

本文叙述了一种新型三维物体表面测量方法,该方法利用单光栅投射待测物体表面而获取变形光栅像,然后应用图像处理方法,通过微机计算出物体表面各点高度。该方法测试精度高,速度快。文中对其原理进行了详细的叙述。并讨论了该法的测量范围、灵敏度。     

基于修正平行投影法的飞行姿态测量

摄影系统的成像满足透视投影模型,使用平行投影法做飞行姿态交会存在模型误差。依据在目标成像的中轴线通过像面中心的时候,平行投影法和透视投影法有相同的成像特征这一事实,提出了一种无模型误差的修正平行投影法。在判读出目标图像中轴线的斜率K和截距L的情况下,假设摄影系统的高低角再旋转atan(L/K)度,使得旋转后图像的中轴线过像面的中心点。依据透视投影模型,计算出旋转后图像中轴线的斜率,再使用此斜率做平行投影交会。仿真结果表明,该方法可以很好的消除由平行投影模型带来的模型误差,为空间目标姿态交会提供了更精确的计算结果。     

平面物体在曲面状态下扫描仪图像的校正理论

平面物体在曲面状态下经扫描仪扫描后,其图像将发生复杂的畸变。提出将其分类为灰度畸变、投影畸变和成像畸变。通过理论分析,提出了在二元曲面模型下对投影畸变和成像畸变进行数字校正的方法,给出了对灰度畸变进行数字校正的实用方法。     

平面物体在曲面状态下扫描仪图像的校正实验

平面物体在曲面状态下经扫描仪扫描后,其图像将发生复杂的畸变。提出了用椭圆柱面加平面模型来描述实际扭曲的情况。基于二元曲面模型的投影畸变和成像畸变数字校正理论,推导了具体的畸变校正公式,并给出了确定成像畸变系数的实用方法。实验结果表明,经校正后投影畸变能够从最大的56%降低到2 5%;成像畸变能够从最大的8 4%降低到0 3%;投影畸变和成像畸变的组合畸变能够从最大的70%降低到3 1%。图像灰度直方图标准偏差的误差可从491%降低到6 5%。     

Terahertz wide aperture reflection tomography

We describe a powerful imaging modality for terahertz (THz) radiation, THz wide aperture reflection tomography (WART). Edge maps of an object's cross section are reconstructed from a series of time-domain reflection measurements at different viewing angles. Each measurement corresponds to a parallel line projection of the object's cross section. The filtered backprojection algorithm is applied to recover the image from the projection data. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a reflection computed tomography technique using electromagnetic waves. We demonstrate the capabilities of THz WART by imaging the cross sections of two test objects.     

一种改进型视角投影图像彩色计算全息术的三维重构算法

本文提出了一种利用三维景物的二维视角投影图像合成计算全息图,并重构出彩色再现三维影像的方法.该方法基于利用视角投影图像获取景物的三维傅里叶频谱的理论,采用电荷耦合器件记录三维景物在白光照明条件下横、纵两正交方向的一系列视角投影图像,并利用这些视角投影图像合成计算全息图,从而重构出三维再现像.通过采用在频谱面上的容余采样方法,提高了图像频谱信息的利用率,通过实验论证,证明了该方法的可行性.利用该方法使得视角投影图像的记录过程更加简单,节省了采样时间,提高了程序运行速度|能够在利用同等数量的视角投影图像的条件下,提高合成全息图的质量,使得重构的彩色再现三维影像更加清晰.     

Topographic Distribution of Photon Measurement Density Functions on the Brain Surface by Hybrid Radiosity-Diffusion Method

An accurate modelling of light propagation in the head is required to develop an algorithm to reconstruct the image of brain activity. Most previous studies have calculated the light propagation in two dimensional models because of their advantage in computation time and memory requirement over three dimensional models. However, in topographic imaging, the sensitivity distribution in the cross sections parallel to the brain surface which cannot be obtained from a two dimensional model is most important to reconstruct the image. In this study, the light propagation in three dimensional adult head models is calculated by finite element method and hybrid radiosity-diffusion method. The light propagation in the adult head is strongly affected by the non-scattering cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) layer surrounding the brain. The sensitive area is shifted toward the deeper region, and is spread around the CSF layer. The intensely sensitive region on the brain surface is broadly distributed between the source and detector. However, the sensitive region does not penetrate into the deeper part of the brain.     

用射影不变性纠正鱼眼镜头畸变

计算机视觉通常采用针孔摄像机模型，但对于存在较大畸变的鱼眼镜头或广角镜头，必须首先纠正镜头畸变才能应用针孔模型。为了从同时存在透视变形和鱼眼畸变的图像中纠正鱼眼畸变，采用了以下射影不变性：空间中直线的投影为直线；平行直线束的投影平行或相交于一点；直线段投影的交比不变。首先，用待纠正的鱼眼镜头对一幅等间隔正交网格图成像，提取网格结点作为控制点，然后用射影不变性求解畸变模型，达到纠正畸变的目的。该算法巧妙地运用三次方程的Cardan解法。大大提高了速度。结果表明，运用该方法纠正鱼眼镜头畸变速度快、精度高。     

Optical image encryption technique based on compressed sensing and Arnold transformation

A new optical image encryption method based on compressed sensing and Arnold transformation is proposed. First, dimensional reduction and random projection, the characteristics of compressed sensing, are utilized to compress and encrypt a digital image. Second, Arnold transformation is used to scramble the encryption image followed by compressed sensing with low data volume. Then, the encryption image is encrypted again by double random phase encoding optical encryption technique; two random phase masks generated by sequences of irrational number are been used as secret keys. In the end, the multi-encrypted information is embedded into the host image and transmitted. At the receiver, original image information is reconstructed approximately via orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm. The peak signal-to-noise ratio and the normalized cross-correlation between the original image and the decrypted one are used to calculate the quality of the decryption image. The experimental results demonstrate that our method is secure and robust.     

Coalescence analysis for evolving foams via optical flow computation on projection image sequences

A novel image‐processing procedure is proposed for the analysis of sequences of two‐dimensional projection images. Sudden events like the merging of bubbles in an evolving foam can be detected and spatio‐temporally located in a given projection image sequence. The procedure is based on optical flow computations extended by a forward–backward check for each time step. Compared with prior methods, efficient suppression of noise or false events is achieved owing to uniform foam motion, and the reliability of detection is thus increased. The applicability of the proposed procedure in combination with synchrotron radiography is illustrated by a series of characteristic studies of foams of different kind. First, the detection of single‐bubble collapses in aqueous foams is considered. Second, a spatial distribution of coalescence events in metals foamed in casting molds is estimated. Finally, the structural stability of polymer foams containing admixed solid nanoparticles is examined.     

Image magnified lensless holographic projection by convergent spherical beam illumination

In liquid crystal spatial light modulator(SLM)-based holographic projection, the image is usually displayed at a distant projection screen through free space diffraction from a computer-generated hologram(CGH). Therefore,it allows for removing of the projection lens for the sake of system simplification and being aberration free, known as the "lensless holographic projection". However, the maximum size of the optical projected image is limited by the diffraction angle of the SLM. In this Letter, we present a method for the implementation of image magnification in a lensless holographic projection system by using convergent spherical wave illumination to the SLM.The complete complex amplitude of the image wavefront is reconstructed in a lensless optical filtering system from a phase-only CGH that is encoded by the off-axis double-phase method. The dimensions of the magnified image can break the limitation by the maximum diffraction angle of the SLM at a given projection distance.Optical experiment results with successful image magnification in the lensless holographic projection system are presented.