受激喇曼散射在掺铒光纤放大器中的影响

本文在分析了均匀掺杂分布式光纤放大器(d－EDFA)的基础上,提出了沿传输方向掺杂浓度单调下降(单变),和降升结合(两变)的两种渐变型分布式光纤放大器,并用传输方程研究了透明传输和最佳掺杂浓度下,受激喇曼散射对均匀、单变和两变型三种d－EDFA的各种特性的影响.     

沿传输方向掺杂浓度渐变掺铒光纤放大器的研究

本文在分析了均匀掺杂分布式掺饵光纤放大器的基础上，提出了沿传输方向掺杂浓度线性单调下降（单变），和线性降升结合（两变）的两种渐变型分布式掺饵光纤放大器，并用传输方程研究和比较了透明传输和最佳掺杂浓度下，均匀、单变和两变型三种放大器中的信号和噪音的传输特性及放大器的噪音指数、信噪比、临界泵浦功能和最佳泵浦周期等特性．     

沿传输方向掺杂浓度渐变掺铒光纤放大器的研究

本文在分析了均匀掺杂分布式掺饵光纤放大器的基础上,提出了沿传输方向掺杂浓度线性单调下降(单变),和线性降升结合(两变)的两种渐变型分布式掺饵光纤放大器,并用传输方程研究和比较了透明传输和最佳掺杂浓度下,均匀、单变和两变型三种放大器中的信号和噪音的传输特性及放大器的噪音指数、信噪比、临界泵浦功能和最佳泵浦周期等特性.     

长波段掺铒光纤放大器用掺铒光纤的设计考虑

本文分析了长波段掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)的增益系数与Er³⁺离子浓度的关系.研制了铝共掺杂的高浓度掺铒光纤,以缩短长波段掺铒光纤的长度.用两级泵浦实现了L-波段EDFA.光纤放大器的掺铒光纤总长18m,在1570nm波长处的小信号增益为42.26dB,输出功率为17.5dBm.我们认为,较低的浓度淬灭效应归因于光纤中较高的A1掺杂浓度.当总的输入信号功率为-3dBm时,在1570至1600nm间的7路WDM信号的增益不平坦度仅为0.68dB..     

掺铒光纤放大器中上转换过程的影响

掺杂浓度的提高影响了掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)的性能,对经典Giles模型提出了新的要求。首先研究了高掺杂下铒离子距离较小引起的上转换过程的机理,通过优化速率方程模型分析了上转换过程对EDFA的影响,得出了在泵浦光和信号光远远大于ASE光的假设下泵浦光和信号光沿光纤长度变化的近似表达式,并将该近似分析解与解析解进行了比较。仿真结果表明上转换过程会降低随光纤传输的信号光和泵浦光,影响EDFA的放大性能,并得出了当掺铒浓度大于2.95×1025m-3时,上转换过程的影响不能忽略的结论。     

Er￣（3＋）掺杂光纤孤子放大器（Ⅰ）传输放大方程

采用半经典理论，建立了Ｅｒ￣（３＋）掺杂光纤中孤子的传输放大方程。该方程考虑泵浦激发态吸收，故适用于０．５－１．４９μｍ波长范围的所有泵浦情况。同时，该方程适用于任意折射率分布光纤，任意泵浦和信号光波模式、任意掺杂形状、均匀加宽和非均匀加宽、集总放大和分布放大，为深入研究Ｅｒ￣（３＋）渗杂光纤孤子放大特性、优化掺杂光纤设计提供了必须的基本分析方程。     

高掺杂浓度掺镱光纤的光子暗化效应

采用光纤激光器和放大器结构方案，观察到了高浓度掺镱光纤（YDF）的光子暗化（Photo-darkening）现象.对激光器阈值和输出功率、放大器输出谱的测量结果表明，光子暗化效应导致了高掺杂浓度YDF的功率转换效率随泵浦作用时间的增加而下降，且下降为单调不可逆过程，但随着泵浦时间的增加，这种下降逐渐变缓、功率转换效率最终可趋于稳定.     

PSA高速常规单模光纤通信系统的传输性能及其与EDFA系统的比较

本文采用计算机系统仿真的方法研究了应用相敏光放大器(PSA)并附加DCF色散补偿的高速常规单模光纤通信系统的传输性能,并和相同速率的掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)系统进行了比较.研究着重于传输速率、放大器间距对系统码间干扰限制距离的影响.结果表明PSA系统比EDFA系统更适合于高速率传输并具有更长的传输距离.而且,对PSA系统,在放大器增益正好补偿光纤损耗的条件下,存在一相应于最大码间干扰限制距离的最佳放大器间距.     

基于NOLF双稳效应对经DSF压缩后的超短光脉冲进行消基座

基于非线性FP腔（NOLF）双稳效应，提出一种利用掺铒光纤放大器（EDFA）及NOLF对经DSF压缩后的超短光脉冲进行消基座的方案.利用耦合模方程，分析了NOLF的消基座特性.结果表明，通过合理选择NOLF的反射率、入射脉冲的中心频率与NOLF的共振频率的失谐量及EDFA的增益，可使脉冲的基座能量比减小一半. 关键词： 超短光脉冲 消基座 非线性FP腔 光学双稳 掺铒光纤放大器     

差分相移键控和开关键控信号的混合传输实验

实验完成了42.8 Gb/s差分相移键控(DPSK)信号和9.95 Gb/s开关键控(OOK)信号的混合传输。光纤链路总长410 km,由四个放大段组成。每个放大段由标准单模光纤(SSMF)和色散补偿光纤(DCF)构成,采用掺铒光纤放大器/分布式拉曼放大器(EDFA/DRA)混合放大,42.8 Gb/s DPSK信号采用单端检测。给出了差分相移键控信号与开关键控信号分别在单路和混合传输410 km后的眼图光谱图以及误码率曲线。     

Determination of time-varying contact length,friction force,torque and forces at the bearings in a helical gear system

This paper deals with determining various time-varying parameters that are instrumental in introducing noise and vibration in a helical gear system. The most important parameter is the contact line variation, which subsequently induces friction force variation, frictional torque variation and variation in the forces at the bearings. The contact line variation will also give rise to gear mesh stiffness and damping variations. All these parameters are simulated for a defect-free and two defective cases of a helical gear system. The defective cases include one tooth missing and two teeth missing in the helical gear. The algorithm formulated in this paper is found to be simple and effective in determining the time-varying parameters.     

Temperature dependence of birefringence in olarization-maintaining photonic crystal fibres

In this paper,the temperature dependence of birefringence in polarization maintaining photonic crystal fibres(PMPCFs) is investigated theoretically and experimentally.Utilizing the structural parameters of the PM-PCF samples in the experiment,two effects leading to the birefringence variation under different temperatures are analysed,which are the thermal expansion of silica material and the refractive index variation due to the temperature variation.The actual birefringence variation of the PM-PCF is the combination of the two effects,which is in the order of 10-9 K-1 for both fibre samples.Calculation results also show that the influence of refractive index variation is the dominant contribution,which determines the tendency of the fibre birefringence variation with varying temperature.Then,the birefringence beat lengths of the two fibre samples are measured under the temperature,which varies from -40℃ to 80℃.A traditional PANDA-type polarization maintaining fibre(PMF) is also measured in the same way for comparison.The experimental results indicate that the birefringence variation of the PM-PCF due to temperature variation is far smaller than that of the traditional PMF,which agrees with the theoretical analysis.The ultra-low temperature dependence of the birefringence in the PM-PCF has great potential applications in temperature-insensitive fibre interferometers,fibre sensors,and fibre gyroscopes.     

The effect of temporal separation of two Geiger mode avalanche photodiodes and variation of time bin widths on detection probabilities in LADAR system using two Geiger mode avalanche photodiodes

In this paper, the effect of temporal separation of two Geiger mode avalanche photodiodes and the variation of time bin widths on detection probabilities in LADAR system using two Geiger mode avalanche photodiodes (GmAPDs) was investigated. The system is implemented by using two GmAPDs with a beam splitter and applying comparative process to their ends. Then, the timing circuitry receives the electrical signals only if each GmAPD generates the electrical signals simultaneously. Although this system decreases the energy of a laser-return pulse scattered from the target, it is highly effective in reducing the false alarm probability because of the randomly distributed noise on the time domain. The temporal separation of two GmAPDs and the variation of the time bin widths result in the variation of detection probabilities. The experiments were performed to verify the effect of temporal separation of two GmAPDs and the variation of time bin widths on the detection probability in the LADAR system. As a result, the optimal temporal difference and the optimal time bin width were. Using these optimal values, a clear 3D image could be obtained by the simple acquisition of the raw time-of-flight data with high SNR.     

Variation of the absorption and dispersion profiles in a ladder-four-level system

A theoretical research on the variation of the absorption and dispersion profiles and population distribution of each level in a ladder-four-level system driven by two coherent fields has been made. Whether the variation occurs or not depends on the effect of quantum interference, the detuning of the upper coherent field and the separation of the two intermediate levels. A dressed-state analysis is introduced to explain the numerical results.     

Effect of coupling of spontaneous emission to the lasing mode in a two level model of quantum cascade lasers

In this paper, an improved two level model of quantum cascade lasers is extended to include the coupling of the spontaneous emission to the lasing mode. The variation of the electron numbers at the two levels, their difference and the variation of the light output with injected current are examined. The normalized modulation response for different ratios of the injected current to the threshold current is given.     

偏光分束棱镜透射光强特性分析

偏光分束棱镜两出射光束的光强透射比会随入射角的改变而发生不同的变化,同时这种变化也会受设计角一定的影响。本文对它们的关系进行了分析。     

测定固体线膨胀系数的一种方法

当两个光栅紧靠在一起时，从它们的透射光中将看到明暗相间的条纹。该条纹间距与两个光栅夹角有关，若我们把一个光栅固定在随金属丝的伸长而绕某一定轴转动的支架上，则根据该转轴到金属丝间距和条纹间距及其它的变化量，就很容易得出金属丝随温度升高而伸长的微小量与条纹间距变化量之间的关系，并通过它算出该金属丝的线膨胀系数。     

高阶非完整约束系统嵌入变分恒等式的积分变分原理

本文从高阶非完整系统嵌入变分恒等式的积分变分原理出发, 根据三种不等价条件变分的选取, 得到了高阶非完整系统的三类不等价动力学模型, 即高阶非完整约束系统的vakonomic方程、Lagrange-d'Alembert 方程和一种新的动力学方程. 当高阶非完整约束方程退化为一阶非完整约束时, 利用此理论可以得到一般非完整系统的vakonomic模型、Chetaev模型和一种新的动力学模型. 最后借助于应用实例验证了结论的正确性. 关键词： 高阶非完整约束 变分恒等式 条件变分 vakonomic动力学     

Change of interference pattern using fundamental and second-harmonic wavelengths by phase shift of a beam

Interference pattern of two different wavelengths, forming a four-sided pyramid consisting of eight beams, is discussed. Synchronization between two wavelengths having a multiple relationship, which corresponds to mixing of fundamental and second-harmonic generation wavelengths, forms a stationary interference pattern successfully. Phase shift variation of a beam changes the basic pattern of interference. This technique can be a new scheme for multi-wavelength material processing with periodic structure and will increase the variation of meta-atoms fabricated by interfering femtosecond laser processing.