10m×10m大靶面激光立靶设计

针对10m×10m大靶面、高精度立靶坐标测量的要求,提出了一种激光阵列式光电立靶坐标测量系统,该立靶采用半导体激光平行光管形成平行光光源,高灵敏度光电二极管及相应信号放大、转换电路组成接收阵列,光源和接收器件相距10m,当飞行弹丸穿越激光形成的光幕时,分别在X和Y方向上挡住了投射在某一个或几个光电二极管上的光线,该光电二极管对应的信号放大、转换电路将二极管产生的微弱电信号放大、整形,最后输出脉冲信号,后续信号编码识别电路将判断出被挡住光线的光电二极管的编号,进而得出弹丸穿越该光幕的X坐标和Y坐标。经实弹试验证明,系统具有测量靶面大,精度高的优点。     

用于弹道测量的实时测速同步触发仪设计

介绍了一种实时获取当发弹丸速度的同步触发系统.采用两台天幕靶和测时电路实时测量当发弹丸的速度,根据测得的速度和事先确定的靶距,计算输出测试仪器触发需要的延时值.同时,设计了滤除蚊虫、飞鸟等外界环境干扰的电路,确保输出的触发信号稳定可靠.详细介绍了系统组成、工作原理与逻辑电路的设计.设计的系统经过实弹射击试验验证,工作稳...     

调Q二极管泵浦固体激光器激光脉冲高频噪声的检测

为了研究调Q二极管泵浦固体激光器（DPL）激光脉冲输出的稳定性,利用电路网孔法对传统硅光电二极管探测电路进行了分析,发现传统的探测电路无法检测到激光脉冲中多纵模所引起的高频噪声信号(在腔长小于10cm的短谐振腔中其频率通常为1～2GHz)。根据分析结果,改良了硅光电二极管探测电路,利用高速采样示波器采集到了调Q DPL激光脉冲中(1～2)GHz的高频噪声信号。     

对数积分放大器在弱光检测中的研究与应用

为解决微弱光信号检测中信号动态范围宽、噪声大等难点,利用对数积分放大原理设计了微弱光信号检测电路。并利用2种不同特性的硅光电二极管（PN和PIN）作为光电转换器件验证电路的性能。实际结果表明:在入射光功率特性上,2种光电二极管电路输出相似,对信号具有压缩作用。在入射光频率特性上,f20 Hz时PN型电路输出幅值是PIN型的1.2倍以上;f40 Hz时PN型电路输出幅值变化约90%,PIN型电路输出更稳定,最大变化约50%。在光谱测量上,2种光电二极管测得的光谱与实际光谱相比变化趋势相同,峰值波长一致。     

测速光幕靶用数字信号处理算法

针对光幕靶在使用中易受到蚊虫、冲击波和光电器件随机噪声干扰因而可靠性差的技术难题,提出一种测速光幕靶用数字信号处理算法。利用数据采集仪采集光幕靶输出的弹丸过靶信号,通过莱达因准则剔除偶发性干扰数据。通过阈值比较法判断出弹丸信号的时间范围后,利用4次高斯公式对一定时间范围内的采样数据进行曲线拟合,并准确计算出半峰值触发时刻点,实现低采样率下的高精度测量。研究的信号处理算法利用计算机进行仿真验证,其原理正确,计算效率高。配合XGK-2002型光幕靶进行实弹射击试验,测试数据表明:该算法可准确计算出各类弹丸信号的过幕时刻,极大地提高了光幕靶的稳定性和适用范围,测量相对误差不大于0.1%。研究的算法同样适用于一类动态特征信号的提取与计算。     

应用于增量式光电编码器的相关自适应滤波方法

为了改善增量式光电编码器的莫尔条纹光电信号质量,降低主计数信号中高次谐频的影响,提高信噪比达到输出稳定的正弦波形,本文深入地研究了莫尔条纹光电信号中的高频信号和噪音信号产生的原因及其相关自适应滤除方法.从宏观和微观两个方案分析光栅副的屏函数,研究莫尔条纹光电信号输出波形的不确定原因,并且提出采用相关自适应滤波方法将高频信号滤除保留原有基频信号.从相关自适应滤波的数学模型论证和推导该相关自适应滤波过程并讨论其自适应性.指出在设计该自适应滤波电路时需要重视的几个关键指标及其影响效果,完成相关自适应滤波的有效性分析.相关自适应滤波效果等价于一个中心频率为基频的窄带带通滤波器,当基频随机变化时其通带也会随之改变.通过相关自适应滤波技术较好地滤除计数信号中除基频外所有高频分量和放大电路所引入的加性高斯白噪音.实验证明：莫尔条纹光电信号的失真度被降低8倍相关自适应滤波方法能使莫尔条纹光电输出波形趋近于标准正弦波,获得更高的信噪比.     

激光监听演示实验仪器的制作

本文介绍了激光监听演示实验仪器的制作.设计出功率放大和带通滤波相结合的电路,用此电路接收光电探测器所采集的激光检测声波振动的信号,经还原后进而实现远程监听.论文中涉及实验仪器制作过程中所遇到的问题和相应解决方法,可供学生在演示实验中使用.     

行波光电二极管级联阵列输出功率合成研究

针对未来光载无线通信所需的高功率、大带宽的光电探测器,提出了一种行波光电二极管级联阵列功率合成电路.先将行波光电二极管级联,再按照阵列式结构将多组级联的光电二极管组合起来,实现射频功率合成,以获得高功率、大带宽的射频信号.采用EDA工具,对该光电转换射频功率合成电路进行仿真模拟.仿真结果表明,该功率合成电路可以有效地将各光电二极管的射频输出信号进行功率合成,功率合成后的信号带宽显著增加,仿真结果与理论分析完全一致.此外,电路分析表明,增加该功率合成电路中的高阻微带线的特性阻抗可以有效提高其输出射频信号的带宽.     

分布式光纤温度传感器APD最佳倍增因子的分析

本文分析了分布式光纤温度传感器中光电接收用雪崩光电二极管倍增因子对接收信号的信噪比的影响，给出依据使传感系统光电接收电路输出信号信噪比最大这一最佳意义下ＡＰＤ雪崩因子的表达式，并对此结果进行了分析。     

基于背向喇曼散射的分布式光纤温度传感器APD最佳雪崩增益的分析

本文分析了基于背向喇曼散射的分布式光纤温度传感器中光电接收用雪崩光电二极管雪崩增益对接收电路信噪比的影响,给出了使传感系统接收电路输出信号信噪比最大这一最佳意义下APD雪崩增益的表达式并进行了分析,实验结果和理论分析基本一致.     

昆虫运动的跟踪技术

昆虫运动的跟踪对跟踪系统提出了特殊的要求。介绍了用来跟踪昆虫飞行的微型线圈跟踪技术、谐波雷达跟踪技术和图像跟踪技术 ,分析比较了它们的特点。     

基于F-W暗物质模型的暗物质探测仪的设计思路

按F-W暗物质模型,暗物质之间有相互作用,能够形成暗天体.飞临地球的小暗天体会对已知物体有微引力效应.由此提出了暗物质小天体探测仪的设计原理,定量计算了飞临地球的暗天体通过探测仪时导致的力矩变化.     

基于强度干涉原理的双光路动态测量方法

在近场光存储方案中,头盘间距动态测控技术是近场光存储理论和技术的实用化。根据近场光学头的飞行特点,提出了一种基于光强干涉原理的测量系统,重点介绍了其测量原理和标定方法。采用双光路结构来提高测量分辨率,利用光偏振特性来消除反馈光对信号光的干扰。通过对系统性能的分析和试验表明,动态特性达到了500kHz,测量分辨率高于1nm,可满足系统高精度动态测试的要求。     

The stability of rolling motion of hypersonic vehicles with slender configuration under pitching maneuvering

The configurations of near space hypersonic flying vehicles are considerably different from those of conventional aircrafts.Their configurations are relatively slender;hence their moment of inertia around the longitudinal axis is much smaller than those around the other two axes,resulting in strong coupling of rotations around the three axes.Thus,the stability analysis of rolling motion for such flying vehicles is more complicated than those for conventional aircrafts,and there is no available result of stability analysis which can readily be applied to such cases.This paper is mainly concerned with the stated problem.Considering the practical situation,our investigation is targeted a slightly simpler problem,namely the rolling stability of flying vehicle under known pitching motion.The stability criterion of rolling motion is obtained with and without lateral motions.We also conducted numerical simulation for the pitching-rolling coupled motions of flying vehicles by solving Navier-Stokes equations coupled with dynamic equations of flight.The results of simulation agree well with those of theoretical analysis and experiments.     

Response of Asthma-Related Voice Dysfunction to Allergen Immunotherapy: A Case Report of Confirmation by Methacholine Challenge

Professional singers and other serious voice users are particularly susceptible to alterations in their vocal apparatus. As the support for vocalization, lung function is an essential element of the production of speech and song. Patients have been described who presented with voice complaints along with minimal or no abnormalities on spirometry, but responded to conventional bronchodilator and other asthma therapy. It was proposed that this represented an exercise-induced asthmalike condition, brought on by the hyperventilation associated with performing. The objective of this study was to establish whether improvement in vocalization while performing correlated with a decrease in nonspecific bronchial reactivity.We concluded that resolution of vocal complaints in conjunction with a decrease in methacholine reactivity supports the hypothesis that these patients do have an exercise-induced asthmalike condition brought on by airway drying. As with other patients with asthma, it appears to respond to allergy-directed therapy.     

固体浸没透镜飞行高度的气浮控制

采用固体浸没透镜的光存储方法是提高光存储密度的比较实用的近场光存储方法,而严格控制SIL下底面与光存储介质之间的亚波长级距离是此光存储系统正常工作的前提.本文采用电容法测量SIL的飞行高度,采用弹性悬臂将SIL加载在转盘表面上,转盘以不同速度转动时SIL将悬浮在不同的高度.计算机首先采集到SIL的飞行高度信息,再与设定的飞行高度作比较,根据比较结果调整转盘转速,从而达到调整SIL飞行高度的目的.采用此方法,可以动态地将SIL的下底面控制在距高速转动的转盘表面上150～600 nm范围内的一定高度上.     

Engineering issue study of triple harmonic method for in situ flying height analysis

In situ flying height testing technology is becoming more and more important in slider–disk interaction analysis and manufacturing quality control of disk drives and head-related components. Triple harmonic method is a quite promising choice for in situ flying height analysis, compared with other in situ methods reported up to now. This paper reports results of investigations on engineering issues of applying triple harmonic method for in situ flying height analysis. The paper reports results of analysis on the effects of various testing conditions on flying height testing repeatability and accuracy. Results suggest that working at reasonable high channel density and working on the ratio between third and first harmonics will be an advantage in terms of both flying height testing sensitivity and testing repeatability. Comparing with media thickness effect, the gap-length variation among different heads will be important if it is to study flying height difference among different heads and the testing is at high channel density. Also, it is suggested to work at AC erased track, in order to reduce the non-linearity caused by hard transition.     

Sound radiation around a flying fly

Many insects produce sounds during flight. These acoustic emissions result from the oscillation of the wings in air. To date, most studies have measured the frequency characteristics of flight sounds, leaving other acoustic characteristics--and their possible biological functions--unexplored. Here, using close-range acoustic recording, we describe both the directional radiation pattern and the detailed frequency composition of the sound produced by a tethered flying (Lucilia sericata). The flapping wings produce a sound wave consisting of a series of harmonics, the first harmonic occurring around 190 Hz. In the horizontal plane of the fly, the first harmonic shows a dipolelike amplitude distribution whereas the second harmonic shows a monopolelike radiation pattern. The first frequency component is dominant in front of the fly while the second harmonic is dominant at the sides. Sound with a broad frequency content, typical of that produced by wind, is also recorded at the back of the fly. This sound qualifies as pseudo-sound and results from the vortices generated during wing kinematics. Frequency and amplitude features may be used by flies in different behavioral contexts such as sexual communication, competitive communication, or navigation within the environment.     

Theory of aerodynamic heating from molecular collision analysis

An aerodynamic heating model is derived from molecular collision analysis, in which the rising temperature of a hypersonic flying object as a function of the flying speed in a classical dense monoatomic gas environment is set up. The model predicts that the rising temperature of the hypersonic flying object is independent of the gas density but depends linearly on the gas atomic mass. A nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to verify the theoretical model. Also, through analyzing the vibrational density of states in the flying objects, it is found that the excited phonon frequency is near the collision frequency, uncovering that the phonons are mainly excited by the face colliding gas atoms. Our study provides a new insight into understanding the intrinsic mechanism of aerodynamic heating and helps to develop the temperature-controllable hypersonic flying vehicle.     

自适应模糊PID前馈补偿在机载挂飞摆扫转台控制中的应用

针对机载挂飞转台的摆扫速度控制问题,提出了一种利用模糊自适应PID技术进行前馈补偿的复合控制策略。首先根据实际应用提出摆扫转台的期望摆扫速度曲线,并对直流力矩电机驱动的摆扫转台进行了建模;然后根据扰动前馈补偿的控制原理,提出了模糊自适应PID前馈补偿方法,为摆扫转台的速度环设计了模糊PID控制器,并在此基础上设计了与之相适应的的自适应前馈补偿函数;最后进行了仿真结果验证。通过Matlab仿真结果表明,相对于模糊PID控制,所设计的模糊自适应PID前馈补偿控制器能有效的跟踪期望的转台摆扫速度,大幅地提高了在有稳定干扰和摆扫速度越变情况下的跟踪精度。