Determination of Chemical Effect on the Kβ1/Kα, Kβ2/Kα, Kβ2/Kβ1 and Kβ/Kα X-Ray Intensity Ratios of 4d Transition Metals

It is clear that detailed studies performed under identical experimental conditions are desirable to determine the effect of the chemical environment on the value of intensity ratios. To better understand this effect, we conducted measurements on Kβ₁/Kα, Kβ₂/Kα, Kβ₂/Kβ₁ and Kβ/Kα x-ray intensity ratios. The Kα and Kβ_1,2 emission spectra for compounds of 4d transition metals Y, Zr, Nb, and Mo were measured using a Si(Li) solid-state detector. The samples were excited by 22.69 keV x-rays emitted from a ¹⁰⁹Cd radioisotopes source. The experimental results for pure elements are compared with the other experimental and theoretical values.     

Influence of Chemical Effect on the Kβ/Kα Intensity Ratios and KβEnergy Shift of Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn Complexes

报导了钴、镍、铜、锌络合物中的化学效应对Kβ/Kα强度比和Kβ能量位移的影响. 实验样品用241Am环状放射源发出的能量为59.5 keV的γ射线激发. 对样品发射的K段X射线进行检测的检测器在5.9 keV处的分辨率为150 eV. 观察了不同配体对钴、镍、铜、锌络合物的Kβ/Kα强度比和Kβ能量转移的影响,并试图解释这些配体的性质对中心原子产生的化学效应. 对实验得到的Kβ/Kα强度比数据,理论计算获得的Kβ/Kα强度比数据及其它实验得到的纯钴、镍、铜、锌的Kβ/Kα强度比数据进行了比较.     

Thickness Effect on Kβ/Kα Intensity Ratios in Barium,Lanthanum, Samarium,Gadolinium, Dysprosium,and Holmium

INTRODUCTION

Knowing the K_β/K_α intensity ratio is of great practical importance in the analysis of X-ray spectra. The information is needed in the experimental investigations of various phenomena in the fields of atomic, nuclear and radiation physics and non-destructive testing of materials and elemental analysis using X-ray fluorescence techniques. K_α, X-ray arise from transition from the L shell to K shell and K_β, X-ray arise from transition from the M, N, 0 shells to K shell.     

Die Si Kβ-Banden der Röntgenemissionsspektren von elementarem Silicium,Siliciumcarbid und Siliciumdioxyd

The Si Kβ-emission bands of silicon, carborundum and quartz, hitherto unknown or known inaccurately were photographed using a high-dispersion focusing spectrograph. The results are presented in form of photometer curves and in a table giving the energy values for structural features. For silicon, carborundum and quartz all emission bands of the elements concerned are now known. A comparision of the emissions, together with that from diamond, indicates that the spectra essentially represent the form of the energy bands of the valency electrons and that they are little influenced by unusual excited states. The emission bands of silicon, carborundum and diamond show to a great extent similar features thereby indicating an essentially covalent type of bonding in all cases including carborundum. The emission forms are in rough agreement with the calculated valency band structures.     

On scalar resonances in ππ→ππ,K\bar K, ηη reactions

Carried out is the analysis of the new experimental data on theS-wave of the ππ→ \(K\bar K\) reaction in common with ππ→ππ one in the 1–1.6 Gev energy region. It is shown that new resonances are not required for the explanation of the data and for that the well-knownS ^* (980) and ε (1300–1400) resonances and their mixing only are enough. Once more confirmed is the possibility forS ^* (980) to be the \(qq\bar q\bar q\) from (9,0⁺) nonet of the \(qq\bar q\bar q\) mesons predicted by the MIT-bag model. Moreover, it is shown that the ε(1300–1400) resonance can be interpreted as a member of the second four-quark (9,0⁺)-nonet. We predict the bright manifestation of theS ^* and ε-resonances in the π⁺π^? →ηη reaction. The analysis of the data shows that the ε-meson cannot be a pureSU (3)-singlet and therefore it cannot pretend to the role of the gluonium. Discussed is critically the Törnqvist's analysis for scalar mesons.     

Application of Kβ/Kα in selecting calibration standards for X-ray fluorescence analysis

A method for improving the accuracy in X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis with pressed pellets was established through matching the calibration standards by the Kβ/Kα ratios. The Kβ/Kα ratios of four major elements (Al, Si, Ca, and Fe) were measured in 14 certified reference materials (CRMs) for geochemistry. The deviation of the biggest Kβ/Kα values relative to the smallest ones for the same element was from 1.52% (Si) to 20.98% (Al) when pressed pellets were used. The relative deviation of Kβ/Kα values for Ca was as high as 3.56% even for two soil CRMs (GBW07404 and GBW07408). X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the Ca elements in the two CRMs were in distinct phases, thereby leading to the different Kβ/Kα values. The Fundamental Parameter Method (FPM) results of two calibration strategies were compared. When one of the 14 CRMs was selected as unknown sample whereas the other 13 CRMs were used for calibration to determine Al₂O₃, SiO₂, CaO, and Fe₂O₃, the relative errors were 10.80%, 8.77%, 8.33%, and 10.91%, respectively. Another strategy, where only one CRM was used for calibration of samples with large errors, was adopted by matching Kβ/Kα values. The results of calibrating using CRM with similar Kβ/Kα values were more accurate than those with different Kβ/Kα values.     

高温合金K5,K18杂质光谱分析的研究

一、前言众所周知,光谱分析一般都必须有相应的光谱标样。然而解决光谱标样并非易事。我们在分析高温合金K5、K18中Si、Fe、Mn、P、S杂质元素时,在没有相应的光谱标样条件下,采用高温合金GH49,利用控制试样法很好地解决了上述五个杂质元素的分析。二、实验部分K5、K18及GH49均为镍基高温合金,其组成差别不大、杂质元素Si、Fe、Mn、P、S的含量都很低。能否用GH49标准分析K5、K18中的杂质,其关键就在于这些杂质元素的蒸发与激发特性。因此首先应该研究这些杂质元素光谱线的蒸发特性与激发特性。     

核物质中的π, K, ρ和η物理

介绍了入射能量约1 A GeV时的重离子碰撞产生的介子物理, 分析了SIS和Bevalac两个重离子加速器的实验数据中显示的介质效应, 特别是手征对称性在有限密度时的部分恢复信号, 指出了目前理论研究中存在的问题, 最后讨论了兰州重离子加速器CSR可以进行的介子物理研究.     

核物质中的π,K,ρ和η物理

介绍了入射能量约1AGeV时的重离子碰撞产生的介子物理,分析了SIS和Bevalac两个重离子加速器的实验数据中显示的介质效应,特别是手征对称性在有限密度时的部分恢复信号,指出了目前理论研究中存在的问题 ,最后讨论了兰州重离子加速器CSR可以进行的介子物理研究.The meson physics in heavy ion collisions around energy 1 A GeV is investigated. The experimental data at SIS and Bevalac on medium effects, especially on the signatures of chiral symmetry restoration at finite density are analyzed, and the related problems in the study are pointed out. Finally the possible meson physics at cool storage ring (CSR) is discussed.     

高离化态氩离子产生的Kα和Kβ谱线的相对论理论研究

利用多组态Dirac-Fock方法,系统研究了不同离化度氩离子的Kα和Kβ线的结构以及内壳层旁观洞态和高n旁观电子对其结构的影响.结果表明:剥离1s、2l壳层电子而引起的Kα和Kβ线的“紫移”要强于剥离3l壳层电子的;最内层的1s旁观洞态产生的伴线与Kα和Kβ线离得较远,而较外层的2l、3l伴线与Kα和Kβ线基本重合在一起;3pnl-1snl和2pnl-1snl(n=3…6;l=0…5)类型跃迁产生的伴线的形状和位置随nl的增加逐渐接近Kα和Kβ线.     

原子吸收光谱法测定小白鼠脑组织中Na,K,Ca

本文利用空气－煤气火焰或空气－乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法分别测定小白鼠脑组织中Na,K,Ca。样品用HNO3－KClO4体系消化。用LaCl3消除P对Ca的干扰，以CsCl作Na,K的消电离剂。共测定了4组46个不同代表性的样品，测定Na,K,Ca的相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为0.886%,0.691％和0.824%，加标回收率分别为100.6%,102.0%和98.4%。     

Generalized Kähler Geometry, Gerbes, and all that

We review recent advances in generalized Kähler geometry while stressing the use of Poisson and symplectic geometry. The derivation of a generalized Kähler potential is sketched and relevant global issues are discussed.     

ПРИБОР ДЛЯ РАЗЛОЖЕНИ Я КОМПОНЕНТ Kα1, α2 ДУБЛЕТА НА РЕНТГ ЕНОВСКИХ ДИФФРАКЦИОННЫХ СНИМ КАХ

n ₁, ₂ , -.     

K—K共振态

最近实验指出,在π^-+p→K+K+n以及K^-+p→K+K+A反应中,存在K-K的共振态,共振能量为1.02BeV。不少人对K-K共振态进行了分析,但并没得出一致的结论。本文从场论观点出发,在链式近似下,研究了有关K-K共振的一些问题,计算结果表明,在1.02BeV附近可能存在两个共振态,而1.02BeV的K-K共振对应T=0,J^PG++态较为合理。     

Exotic, narrow, resonance searches in ΛK S 0 systems

A number of peculiarities were found in the effective mass spectrum of the ΛK _S ⁰ system in the ranges of 1650–1680, 1740–1750, 1785–1805, 1835–1860, and 1925–1950 MeV/c ² during the collision of a 10-GeV/c ² momentum proton with propane. Detailed research of a mass spectrum structure has shown that significant enhancements have been obtained in two effective mass ranges of 1750 and 1795 MeV/c ². These peaks could be interpreted as possible candidates of two pentaquark states: the N ⁰ with quark content udsds decaying into ΛK ⁰ and the Ξ⁰ resonance with quark content udsds decaying into . The text was submitted by the authors in English.