干涉型光纤水听器数字化外差检测方法动态范围上限研究

阐述了干涉型光纤水听器外差检测的基本原理,对干涉型光纤水听器数字化外差检测方法动态范围上限进行了研究.理论分析了由外差频率决定的动态范围上限以及反正切、微分-交叉相乘(DCM)两种正交解调算法决定的动态范围上限,并进行了综合对比.分析结果表明,不同的外差频率所能达到的动态范围上限不同;相同的外差频率结合不同的正交解调算...     

Investigation on the maximum signal handling capability of fiber optic interferometric sensor based on the digital heterodyne demodulation scheme

The maximum signal handling capability (MSHC) is an important parameter for the fiber optic interferometric sensor (FOIS) system. It is restricted by the heterodyne frequency (HF) and the digital quadrature demodulation algorithm (DQDA) in the digital heterodyne demodulation scheme. In this paper we systematically investigate the MSHC of the FOIS based on the digital heterodyne demodulation scheme through comparison of the HF-determined MSHC and DQDA-determined MSHC. When discussing the DQDA-determined MSHC, two widely used methods are included, which are arctangent and differential-cross multiply (DCM). The comparison results reveal that the arctangent-determined MSHC is 12 dB larger than the DCM-determined MSHC. The HF-determined MSHC is between the two types of DQDA-determined MSHC. If the DQDA is arctangent, the MSHC of the system is the HF-determined MSHC. If the DQDA is DCM, the MSHC of the system is the DCM-determined MSHC. Experiments are carried out and the results are consistent with the theoretical analysis. The conclusion in this paper can help us to estimate the MSHC of the FOIS system based on the digital heterodyne demodulation scheme more accurately and provide a useful guideline for the design of the FOIS system with large demodulation dynamic scale.     

分布式光纤声波振动传感系统研发及应用

针对油气田勘探开发需获取微声波信号完整波形的问题，开展了基于双脉冲外差调制与反正切外差解调方案的分布式光纤声波传感（DAS）技术研究与配套系统研发。通过特征参数室内振动模拟实验，新型DAS系统的响应频率范围20 Hz～25 kHz、最大动态范围60 dB、信噪比49 dB，满足微声波信号幅度、频率、相位等信息的探测需求。同时，该系统在新疆油田稠油热采井下蒸汽腔探测方面成功开展了现场应用，实测有效声压强度?195 dB，验证了系统的可靠性，具有良好的应用前景。     

窄脉冲相干激光雷达偏频锁定系统仿真研究

鉴于偏频锁定技术在激光外差探测和激光雷达等方面的广泛作用,基于可编程逻辑器件,设计了适用于窄脉冲激光外差信号的偏频锁定控制系统。在设计中,使用超高速电压比较器进行波形变换、多脉冲鉴频和大概率均值滤波进行数字鉴频,采用小步长快速控制方法进行调频,利用数模转换器和线性放大电路输出调频信号。借助信号发生器产生40ns脉宽的模拟外差信号对系统进行了仿真,实现了设计功能。对系统进行鉴频和调频测试,在40ns脉宽时鉴频误差范围为-7.5MHz～+7.7MHz。     

多普勒振镜正弦调制多光束激光外差测量玻璃厚度的方法

本文提出了一种多普勒振镜正弦调制多光束激光外差测量玻璃厚度的新方法. 基于激光外差技术和多普勒效应, 通过做简谐振动的多普勒振镜对不同时刻入射光的频率进行正弦调制, 把待测厚度信息加载到外差信号的频率差中, 通过快速傅里叶变换对外差信号解调后可以同时得到多个待测玻璃厚度值, 经加权平均处理可以提高待测厚度的测量精度. 利用这种新方法, 通过MATLAB仿真测量了不同玻璃厚度值, 结果表明：该测量结果的最大相对误差小于0.008%.     

A novel interferometric vibration measurement sensor with quadrature detection based on 1/8 wave plate

In-phase and quadrature-phase (I/Q) signals often need to be formed in the laser interferometric vibration measurement technique. To avoid the disadvantages of traditional I/Q signals forming methods such as effect of piezoelectric ceramic (PZT) for generating high frequency carrier, or optical configuration with complicated structure, a novel interferometric vibration measurement sensor with quadrature detection is proposed. The sensor utilizes simple optical configuration which contains 1/8 wave plate to generate two I/Q signals, then the signals were processed by arctangent algorithm which is compiled by Labview software through data acquisition card. Theoretical analysis and experimental Lissajous figures synthesis prove the phase orthogonality of the two signals. The experimental results indicate that the system can measure the vibration displacement accurately.     

Calibration of high-frequency hydrophone up to 40 MHz by heterodyne interferometer

A calibration technique for high-frequency hydrophone utilizing a heterodyne interferometer is presented in this article. The calibration system is mainly composed of optical and signal processing modules. In the displacement measurement, a pellicle is mounted at the surface of water to avoid acousto-optical interaction. The phase modulated carrier signal is digitized and transferred to the computer, then processed by digital phase demodulation. A phase unwrapping algorithm is employed to remove ambiguity of the arctangent function and has proven effective in large displacement measurements. Pellicle displacement and voltage output of the hydrophone in focused ultrasonic field are processed by DFT to determine the amplitudes of the fundamental and harmonic components. Experiments show that the heterodyne technique can provide hydrophone calibration up to 40 MHz, with a slightly smaller sensitivity compared with the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) calibration results for most frequency ranges. Since the heterodyne technique is independent on assumptions about the geometry of the ultrasonic field and the performance of the transducer, it can be easily extended to high frequency and high power ultrasound measurement applications.     

Photoconductive antenna as local oscillator in terahertz frequency measurement: heterodyne efficiency and bias effect

In a photoconductive antenna (PCA), femtosecond-laser-excited carriers will form a broadband terahertz photon-carrier (PC) comb, and the terahertz PC comb can be used as a multi-frequency local oscillator to carry out heterodyne detection of continuous terahertz sources with high frequency accuracy. In this paper, the heterodyne efficiency and the bias effects of a PCA terahertz PC comb are investigated. The results show that the pair beat signals (with the beat frequencies lower than the repetition frequency of femtosecond laser) of a continuous terahertz source and the two adjacent comb teeth do not decrease with the increase of beat frequency. Applying a bias voltage to the PCA can effectively enhance the terahertz emission efficiency. However, such a bias voltage has no positive effects on the heterodyne detection responsivity because the heterodyne detection is intrinsically based on the terahertz rectification effect that is proportional to the photo-excited electrons. In addition, by using a reference terahertz source with high frequency stability, it is possible to measure the fluctuation and the drift of the repetition frequency of femtosecond lasers with higher accuracy. The results are helpful for improving the performance of terahertz frequency measurement system based on PCA PC combs.     

采用3×3耦合器的分布反馈式光纤激光传感器解调技术

为了实现分布反馈式光纤激光传感器(DFB FL)大动态范围、稳定解调,建立了基于3×3耦合器的迈克尔逊干涉仪解调系统。对该系统所采用的对称解调算法(NPS)和反正切解调算法进行了深入研究。首先,介绍了基于3×3耦合器解调算法的原理及耦合器不对称时的调校方法。接着,对干涉仪所需最小非平衡路径长度的选取与系统强度噪声、激光器频率噪声的关系进行了分析。最后,针对NPS算法与反正切算法最大可解调信号幅度进行了分析对比,并研究了微分器对对称解调方法解调范围的影响。实验结果表明:NPS算法动态范围高于反正切算法,微分器的幅频特性不理想会减小解调动态范围。在采样频率为125 k Hz、信号频率为1 k Hz、干涉仪非平衡路径为100 m时,NPS算法与反正切算法的动态范围分别达到96 d B和90 d B。用解调前调校的方法,基于3×3耦合的解调方法动态范围大,能够实现稳定解调,满足工程应用要求。     

变光外差为电外差的双频激光探测

演示一种双频激光位移探测系统,阐述光载波激光雷达的概念。由单块非平面环形腔固体激光器和声光调制器产生100MHz载波频率的双频激光束,作为探测光束,经过光路收发系统,探测位于电动导轨上目标的位移变化,信号处理部分采用高速光电探测器响应后信号的电子外差解调方式,位移量的获得通过高频锁相放大器解算参考光束与信号光束的相位差并计算获得。通过双频激光把光学外差探测变为了电子外差探测,系统重复误差小于3%。系统在利用无线电雷达信号处理方式的同时,保留了激光探测的优点,位移测量系统具有良好的重复性。     

IN腔内 Cd Te电光调 Q CO_2 脉冲激光外差信号研究(英文)

本文较详细地实验研究了腔内 Cd Te电光调 Q CO2 脉冲激光及其外差信号的时域频域特性 ,其激光脉冲时域波形长的拖尾被发现 .如果脉冲很弱 ,无法直接探测信号 .而在这种条件下用外差检测方法 ,就可以探测到较强的脉冲拖尾外差中频信号 ,且拖尾持续时间很长 .同时 ,讨论了在激光外差探测中本振和主振激光间偏频控制的可能性 .     

Nonlinear chirp compensation by scan filtering in SAIL

The nonlinear chirp of a tunable laser generates the phase errors and damages the range resolution in synthetic aperture imaging ladar (SAIL). In the compensation algorithms establishing matched and nonmatched reference paths, the phase errors were compensated in a whole echo pulse. In this paper a compensation algorithm of nonlinear chirp by scan filtering is proposed.The heterodyne signals of different echoes from all target points in a footprint are scan filtered from one whole heterodyne signal of one whole echo pulse in the spectrum. The phase errors of these heterodyne signals are measured by phase-shifting algorithm in reference path and compensated separately. Then all the compensated signals are combined back into a whole heterodyne pulse and compressed in range. After all heterodyne pulses are compressed in range, the azimuth compensation is followed.The mathematical flow of this compensation algorithm is established. The simulation of the airborne SAIL model validates the feasibility, and the bandwidth of range compression decreases obviously. The effects of nonlinear chirp and the pass bandwidth of the scan filter are analyzed and discussed finally.     

IN腔内CdTe电光调QCO2脉冲激光外差信号研究

本文较详细地实验研究了腔内CdTe电光调QCO₂脉冲激光及其外差信号的时域频域特性,其激光脉冲时域波形长的拖尾被发现.如果脉冲很弱,无法直接探测信号.而在这种条件下用外差检测方法,就可以探测到较强的脉冲拖尾外差中频信号,且拖尾持续时间很长.同时,讨论了在激光外差探测中本振和主振激光间偏频控制的可能性.     

1.06 μm相干激光雷达动目标多普勒信号探测

介绍了一套1.06 μm脉冲式相干激光雷达测速演示系统.采用单块非平面环形激光器作为种子,注入到单纵模运转的Q开关高重复频率Nd∶YAG激光器为发射源,实现稳定的单频输出.通过外差式相干探测的方法,利用转速0~60 Hz可调、直径为10 cm的转盘为运动目标,回波信号被带宽为3.5 GHz的高速光电探测器响应后,经采样率为2.5 GS/s的A/D采样,输送到基于LabVIEW信号处理系统中,从而测量不同转速下的多普勒频移,各测速点的多普勒频移测量结果相对误差在3%以内.针对测量中存在的误差从激光器输出线宽和测速系统准确度两方面进行了误差分析,并提出了改进措施.演示系统的良好重复性证实了这种相干激光雷达系统的可行性.     

基于AD7656的旋变角度测量设计

Describes the functions, background applications and features of the resolver, in order to calculate the angle position of the resolver signals, this paper choose AD7656 precision chip, proposed the resolver algorithm for calculating resolver angle by measuring the output voltage and excitation voltage of the resolver. Mainly introduce AD7656 and its hardware circuit design, and flowchart of the algorithm for arctangent. This algorithm is simple and reliable. Experimental results show that the system design is reasonable, measurement algorithms of resolver angle meets the requirements. Analyze the error for this result and prepare for the study.     

Application of the Raman heterodyne technique for the detection of EPR and ENDOR

Raman heterodyne detection is a coherent optical-RF double resonance technique where the optical and RF fields induce coherence within a three level system and a resultant Raman field is measured using heterodyne detection. This approach has been used previously to detect NMR and more recently EPR. In this paper the parameters that affect the amplitude and signal to noise ratio of the Raman heterodyne signals are considered. The power levels in relation to the oscillator strength and dephasing times, the amplitude and spectrum of the laser frequency jitter in relation to the optical homogeneous linewidths and holeburning rates, and the sample properties such as absorption strength and optical quality, are all factors that affect the Raman signal. The presentation is focused on the Raman heterodyne detected EPR of the nitrogen-vacancy pair centre in diamond making comparisons with Raman heterodyne detected NMR signals obtained for rare earth ion systems. RF-RF double resonance studies, RF holeburning and ENDOR, which give information about the hyperfine levels are also reported for the nitrogen-vacancy centre. The resonance frequencies are in agreement with those predicted from the spin Hamiltonian. The factors affecting the lineshapes and relative intensities of the double resonance signals are discussed.     

频差偏差对全视场外差测量精度的影响

根据全视场外差测量的相关理论,推导了频差偏差与仪器测量精度的相互关系.分析了频差大小、频差偏差、采集初始时间、初始相位、采样频率和采样周期数等相关参数对测量精度的影响.研究结果可以作为全视场外差测量设备设计、参数选取的理论依据;并给出了通过合理选择采样时间和采样帧数提高测量精度的一种方法.     

57-km single-ended spontaneous Brillouin-based distributed fiber temperature sensor using microwave coherent detection

We present a novel technique for performing single-ended distributed fiber temperature measurements by use of microwave heterodyne detection of spontaneous Brillouin scattering. Brillouin frequency-shift measurements were obtained for a sensing length of 57 km, with a spatial resolution of 20 m. The rms error in frequency measurements at the far end of the sensing fiber was less than 3 MHz, and the overall frequency dependence on temperature was 1.07+/-0.06 MHz/K.     

Laser phase and frequency stabilization using an optical resonator

We describe a new and highly effective optical frequency discriminator and laser stabilization system based on signals reflected from a stable Fabry-Perot reference interferometer. High sensitivity for detection of resonance information is achieved by optical heterodyne detection with sidebands produced by rf phase modulation. Physical, optical, and electronic aspects of this discriminator/laser frequency stabilization system are considered in detail. We show that a high-speed domain exists in which the system responds to the phase (rather than frequency) change of the laser; thus with suitable design the servo loop bandwidth is not limited by the cavity response time. We report diagnostic experiments in which a dye laser and gas laser were independently locked to one stable cavity. Because of the precautions employed, the observed sub-100 Hz beat line width shows that the lasers were this stable. Applications of this system of laser stabilization include precision laser spectroscopy and interferometric gravity-wave detectors.     

激光外差光谱仪的水汽柱浓度反演研究

水汽是地球大气的重要组成部分,也是平衡地气系统辐射收支的一个重要因素,对天气和气候变化有着重要的影响。常用的水汽柱浓度测量设备,如无线电探空仪、激光雷达、微波辐射计、太阳光度计、DOAS仪器以及傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等,难以兼顾高分辨率以及便携机动等应用需求。为此,基于一种高灵敏度、高分辨率光谱探测技术,围绕水汽柱浓度的探测开展了相关研究,取得的主要成果有：(1) 基于激光外差光谱技术,利用窄线宽带间级联激光器作为本振光源,与太阳跟踪仪结合,建立了一套高分辨率激光外差太阳光谱测量装置,光谱分辨率达到了0.002 cm-1。(2) 采用Langley-plot方法对高分辨率激光外差太阳光谱测量装置进行了现场定标,并于云南紫金山天文台观测站开展了外场测量,获得了2 831~2 833 cm-1波段太阳光谱的直接测量数据。对实测的太阳光谱进行归一化处理后,获得了高分辨率的整层大气透过率谱。(3) 利用逐线积分辐射传输模式（line by line radiative transfer model,LBLRTM）计算了整层大气透过率谱,并与实测的透过率谱进行了非线性最小二乘拟合,实现了水汽柱浓度的反演。同时利用微波辐射计进行了水汽柱浓度的观测,将反演结果与实测结果进行了对比分析,两者的一致性相对较好,最小相对偏差为16.59%,最大相对偏差为21.69%。(4) 反演结果与实测结果的偏差主要由反演算法误差和装置测量误差所导致。反演算法误差包括辐射传输模式的计算误差、实际大气温度的测量误差、甲烷浓度不确定性引入的误差、HDO丰度与自然丰度的偏差,装置测量误差包括装置定标误差、波长标定误差、系统噪声影响、背景信号以及直流信号的微弱起伏引起的误差。(5) 文中选取的2 831~2 833 cm-1波段同时包含了水汽和甲烷的吸收,在反演水汽柱浓度的同时,同步进行了甲烷柱浓度的反演。以甲烷初始柱浓度作为参考值,发现反演后的甲烷柱浓度相对初始柱浓度的数值平均增加了14.41%。高分辨率激光外差太阳光谱测量装置结合反演算法是一种有效的整层大气透过率以及水汽、甲烷柱浓度探测的综合设备,在多组分气体浓度探测方面具有广泛的应用前景。