Raman microscopy of haidingerite Ca(AsO3OH)·H2O and brassite Mg(AsO3OH)·4H2O

Raman spectroscopy has been used to study the arsenate minerals haidingerite Ca(AsO₃OH)·H₂O and brassite Mg(AsO₃OH)·4H₂O. Intense Raman bands in the haidingerite spectrum observed at 745 and 855 cm⁻¹ are assigned to the (AsO₃OH)²⁻ν₃ antisymmetric stretching and ν₁ symmetric stretching vibrational modes. For brassite, two similarly assigned intense bands are found at 809 and 862 cm⁻¹. The observation of multiple Raman bands in the (AsO₃OH)²⁻ stretching and bending regions suggests that the arsenate tetrahedrons in the crystal structures of both minerals studied are strongly distorted. Broad Raman bands observed at 2842 cm⁻¹ for haidingerite and 3035 cm⁻¹ for brassite indicate strong hydrogen bonding of water molecules in the structure of these minerals. OH···O hydrogen‐bond lengths were calculated from the Raman spectra based on empirical relations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

阶梯式循环冲击下煤中氢键红外光谱变化规律

煤结构中存在的大量氢键对其化学结构和性质具有重要影响。为了研究煤在冲击破坏过程中氢键的变化。设计落锤循环冲击系统,实现对煤样的循环定量冲击。利用红外光谱仪进行光谱分析。研究得出东庞1/3焦煤主要的氢键类型是free OH groups, OH…π, OH…OH, cyclic OH tetramers和OH…N以及它们随冲击破坏的变化规律。在冲击力的作用下,煤体分子间氢键吸收强度变化非常明显,自由羟基也在冲击作用下发生机械力化学反应。对红外光谱进行高斯函数拟合分峰,发现各类氢键吸收强度随着冲能量的增加而减小,但其趋势在放缓。统计两者关系,得到各类氢键的光谱吸收强度与冲击能量的拟合方程,两者符合幂函数关系。对比拟合方程的幂指数,得出氢键在受冲击破坏时发生变化的敏感性顺序：free OH groups>cyclic OH tetramers>OH…N>OH…π>OH…OH。     

Raman spectroscopic study of the uranyl oxyhydroxide hydrates: becquerelite,billietite, curite,schoepite and vandendriesscheite

Raman and infrared spectra of five uranyl oxyhydroxide hydrates, becquerelite, billietite, curite, schoepite and vandendriesscheite, are reported. The observed bands are attributed to the (UO₂)²⁺ stretching and bending vibrations, U OH bending vibrations and H₂O and (OH)⁻ stretching, bending and libration modes. The U O bond lengths in uranyls and the O H···O bond lengths are calculated from the wavenumbers assigned to the stretching vibrations. They are close to the values inferred and/or predicted from the X‐ray single‐crystal structure. The complex hydrogen‐bonding network arrangement was proved in the structures of all the minerals studied. This hydrogen bonding contributes to the stability of these uranyl minerals. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

低温热处理刚玉实验中含水矿物包裹体的特征研究

近年来,低温热处理刚玉出现在宝石交易市场,由于其特征容易与天然刚玉混淆,如何鉴定低温热处理刚玉成为宝石实验室的研究热点。在弱氧化氛围,360,610和650 ℃条件下,先后对9粒刚玉进行了热处理实验,并采用显微拉曼定性分析刚玉中的包裹体、显微镜下观察包裹体形貌、显微红外光谱分析含水矿物包裹体中羟基的特征峰等方法,对刚玉低温热处理前后的特征进行了对比研究。热处理实验揭示：600 ℃左右温度、弱氧化氛围已能有效去除刚玉中的蓝色调,并增强红色,可达到热处理改善或改变刚玉颜色的目的。研究结果表明：针铁矿、高岭石、勃姆石等含水矿物包体主要存在于刚玉的开放裂隙中,硬水铝石、磷灰石、云母等含水矿物包体主要存在于刚玉晶体中。针铁矿热处理前红外光谱可显示与羟基相关的3 435 cm-1吸收峰,并伴有以3 185 cm-1为中心的吸收宽带,经360 ℃热处理后相关吸收消失,其颜色由亮黄色变为红色;高岭石热处理前红外光谱在3 620,3 648,3 670和3 698 cm-1附近显示一组与羟基相关的吸收峰,经610 ℃热处理后相关吸收峰消失;勃姆石热处理前红外光谱显示与羟基相关的3 086和3 311 cm-1吸收峰,经610 ℃热处理后相关吸收峰消失。硬水铝石包裹体通常呈针状,热处理前红外光谱显示与羟基相关的1 980和2 110 cm-1吸收峰,经610 ℃热处理后相关吸收峰消失,但仍保持针状晶形假像;磷灰石包体通常呈透明柱状或粒状晶形,由于OH与F相互作用,红外光谱在3 550 cm-1附近显示与羟基相关的吸收峰,610 ℃热处理后相关吸收峰仍然存在,磷灰石包体的形貌未见改变;白云母呈近透明无色片状晶形分布于刚玉中,红外光谱在3 624 cm-1附近显示与云母中羟基相关的吸收峰,650 ℃热处理后这一吸收峰仍然存在,云母的形状未见变化,透明度略微降低。通过实验,证明含水矿物包裹体对于鉴定低温热处理刚玉具有重要作用。     

稀土氟碳酸盐矿物的光致发光谱和吸收谱研究

测定并讨论了产自四川冕宁矿区的氟碳铈矿和产自内蒙白云鄂博稀土矿区的黄河矿、氟碳钙铈矿、氟碳铈钡矿的光致发光谱。结果表明,稀土氟碳酸盐矿物在488.0nm和514.5nm激光激发下的光致发光中心是Nd3+,发光谱中的所有谱带均出自Nd3+的辐射跃迁。在488.0nm激光激发下,稀土氟碳酸盐矿物在495nm到733nm谱区的发光谱带强而尖锐,但在514.5nm激光激发下,这个谱区的谱带明显变弱或消失,转而出现783nm到907nm谱区的强发光谱带。可见光吸收谱表明稀土氟碳酸盐矿物对可见光的吸收也与矿物中的Nd3+有关。     

A Raman spectroscopic study of humite minerals

Raman spectroscopy has been used to study the structure of the humite mineral group ((A₂SiO₄)_n–A(OH, F)₂ where n represents the number of olivine and brucite layers in the structure and is 1, 2, 3 or 4 and A²⁺ is Mg, Mn, Fe or some mix of these cations). The humite group of minerals forms a morphotropic series with the minerals olivine and brucite. The members of the humite group contain layers of the olivine structure that alternate with layers of the brucite‐like sheets. The minerals are characterized by a complex set of bands in the 800–1000 cm⁻¹ region attributed to the stretching vibrations of the olivine (SiO₄)⁴⁻ units. The number of bands in this region is influenced by the number of olivine layers. Characteristic bending modes of the (SiO₄)⁴⁻ units are observed in the 500–650 cm⁻¹ region. The brucite sheets are characterized by the OH stretching vibrations in the 3475–3625 cm⁻¹ wavenumber region. The position of the OH stretching vibrations is determined by the strength of the hydrogen bond formed between the brucite‐like OH units and the olivine silica layer. The number of olivine sheets and not the chemical composition determines the strength of the hydrogen bonds. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Raman spectroscopy of hydroxy nickel carbonate minerals nullaginite and zaratite

Raman spectroscopy combined with infrared spectroscopy has been used to study the minerals, nullaginite and zaratite. Raman bands are observed at 3650, 3556 and 3309 cm⁻¹ for nullaginite and 3609, 3516 and 3336 cm⁻¹ for zaratite. By using a Libowitzky‐type empirical function, estimation of the hydrogen‐bond distances of the OH and water units has been made, which vary from 0.268 to 0.332 nm. Hydrogen‐bond distances of OH units are less than those for the water units. The observation of multiple asymmetric stretching and bending modes for nullaginite suggests that the carbonate is strongly distorted in contrast to zaratite for which only single bands are found. Raman bands at around 935 and 980 cm⁻¹ are assigned to OH deformation modes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hydrogen and deuterium diffusion in non-stoichiometric spinel

High pressure/temperature annealing experiments are used to determine diffusivities of H⁺ and D⁺ in non-stoichiometric spinel, a low-pressure analogue for nominally anhydrous minerals in Earth’s mantle. Data are fitted to the following Arrhenius law: Diffusivity (m²/s)?=?4?±?1?×?10^?12 exp(?54?±?2 kJ?mol^?1/RT). At low temperatures, H⁺ and D⁺ diffusion in non-stoichiometric spinel is charge balanced by flux of O vacancies, with infrared data consistent with protonation of both octahedral and tetrahedral O–O edges in non-stoichiometric spinel, and additional fine structure due to Mg–Al mixing and/or coupling of structurally incorporated H⁺ with cation vacancies. Absence of changes in the fine structure of O–H absorption bands indicates that H⁺ can become locally coupled and uncoupled to other defects during bulk diffusion. As such, proton conductivity in spinel group minerals, arising from faster flux of uncoupled H⁺, can only be calculated from H⁺ mobility data if the extent of defect coupling is constrained.     

油页岩热解过程中的光谱学研究

光谱学分析方法对分析物质结构及组成具有独特的优势。为了分析和认识油页岩及其干酪根的矿物结构特点,以及在不同热解温度下油页岩热解过程中矿物结构变化,分别采用偏光显微镜(POM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等光学和光谱学手段,研究了甘肃窑街油页岩和酸洗脱灰干酪根的矿物形态结构和组成以及在不同热解温度下(温度300～1 000 ℃,升温速率10 ℃·min-1)矿物质和干酪根的形态结构演化特性及其机理。结果表明,甘肃窑街油页岩富含石英、粘土矿和黄铁矿等无机矿物,干酪根呈条块状不规则地镶嵌于无机矿物中;干酪根的变质程度高,富含芳香族和脂肪族结构;在实验温度范围内,随热解温度的升高,油页岩中矿物质开始分解,300 ℃时高岭石因脱水转变成偏高岭石,在650 ℃时高岭石、蒙脱石等完全分解生成偏高岭石,当温度升高至1 000 ℃时偏高岭石分解生成Si—Al尖晶石和无定型SiO₂,SiO₂与含铁矿物在半焦表面析出了(FeO—Al₂O₃—SiO₂)低熔点共融物;干酪根随温度升高分解,半焦的芳香族和脂肪族C—H基团的强度降低,芳香碳的强度升高,分解后在半焦中形成“沟壑”状残炭印记。研究结果对油页岩热解过程矿物结构演化研究和油页岩矿物的资源综合利用具有重要的现实意义。     

Raman spectroscopy of hydrogen arsenate group (AsO3OH)2− in solid‐state compounds: cobalt‐containing zinc arsenate mineral,koritnigite (Zn,Co)(AsO3OH)·H2O

Raman spectra of two well‐defined types of koritnigite crystals from the Jáchymov ore district, Czech Republic, were recorded and interpreted. No substantial differences were observed between both crystal types. The observed Raman bands were attributed to the (AsO₃OH)²⁻ stretching and bending vibrations as well as stretching and bending vibrations of water molecules and hydroxyl ions. The non‐interpreted Raman spectra of koritnigite from the RRUFF database and the published infrared spectra of cobaltkoritnigite were used for comparison. The O H···O hydrogen bond lengths in the crystal structure of koritnigite were inferred from the Raman spectra and compared with those derived from the X‐ray single‐crystal refinement. The presence of (AsO₃OH)²⁻ units in the crystal structure of koritnigite was proved from the Raman spectra, which supports the conclusions of the X‐ray structure analysis. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

N-叔丁基-2-苯骈噻唑次磺酰胺制备及其光谱分析

采用双氧水为氧化剂,一步法制备出N-叔丁基-2-苯骈噻唑次磺酰胺(TBBS),通过FTIR,UV-Vis,XRD,TG-DSC对其进行检测和表征,揭示出TBBS 的微观结构和内在规律性。FTIR揭示了TBBS 分子内部的各元素之间的化学键键型,确定最终产物为TBBS。UV-Vis检测出TBBS在228.3,281.5,298.3 nm有三个吸收峰,分别由n→σ*,π→π*,n→π*电子跃迁产生的,为企业TBBS产品质量检测,推测TBBS的结构提供实验依据。XRD从晶胞参数、晶面指数等晶体学数据,变换出TBBS晶体微观结构,完成TBBS物相组成和结构的定性鉴定。TG-DSC检测出TBBS的质量变化与热效应两种信息,TBBS的DSC曲线很复杂,53.3 ℃有一个很小的放热峰,由TBBS中所含少量叔丁胺的氧化产生;117.4,269.2,373.7 ℃存在三个吸热峰,分别是TBBS 的相变峰和分解峰,TBBS 分解温度偏高,为采用硫化仪研究TBBS的橡胶硫化性能提供参考。本研究为企业选定工作标准品,对TBBS工业化生产进行跟踪检测,评判TBBS的产品性能指标,填报立项TBBS化工行业标准的申报,撰写标准草案提供基础实验数据。     

Raman spectroscopy of uranopilite of different origins—implications for molecular structure

Uranopilite, [(UO₂)₆(SO₄)O₂(OH)₆(H₂O)₆](H₂O)₈, the composition of which may vary, can be understood as a complex hydrated uranyl oxyhydroxy sulfate. The structure of uranopilite from different locations has been studied by Raman spectroscopy at 298 and 77 K. A single intense band at 1009 cm⁻¹ assigned to the ν₁ (SO₄)²⁻ symmetric stretching mode shifts to higher wavenumbers at 77 K. Three low‐intensity bands are observed at 1143, 1117 and 1097 cm⁻¹. These bands are attributed to the (SO₄)²⁻ ν₃ anti‐symmetric stretching modes. Multiple bands provide evidence that the symmetry of the sulfate anion in the uranopilite structure is lowered. Three bands are observed in the region 843 to 816 cm⁻¹ in both the 298 and 77 K spectra and are attributed to the ν₁ symmetric stretching modes of the (UO₂)²⁺ units. Multiple bands prove the symmetry reduction of the UO₂ ion. Multiple OH stretching modes prove a complex arrangement of OH groupings and hydrogen bonding in the crystal structure. A series of infrared bands not observed in the Raman spectra are found at 1559, 1540, 1526 and 1511 cm⁻¹ attributed to δ UOH bending modes. U‐O bond lengths in uranyl and O H/dotbondO bond lengths are calculated and compared with those from X‐ray single crystal structure analysis. The Raman spectra of uranopilites of different origins show subtle differences, proving that the spectra are origin‐ and sample‐dependent. Hydrogen‐bonding network and its arrangement in the crystal structure play an important role in the origin and stability of uranopilite. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Single‐crystal Raman spectroscopy of brandholzite Mg[Sb(OH)6]2•6H2O and bottinoite Ni[Sb(OH)6]2• 6H2O and the polycrystalline Raman spectrum of mopungite Na[Sb(OH)6]

The single‐crystal Raman spectra of minerals brandholzite and bottinoite, formula M[Sb(OH)₆]₂•6H₂O, where M is Mg⁺² and Ni⁺², respectively, and the non‐aligned Raman spectrum of mopungite, formula Na[Sb(OH)₆], are presented for the first time. The mixed metal minerals comprise alternating layers of [Sb(OH)₆]⁻¹ octahedra and mixed [M(H₂O)₆]⁺²/[Sb(OH)₆]⁻¹ octahedra. Mopungite comprises hydrogen‐bonded layers of [Sb(OH)₆]⁻¹ octahedra linked within the layer by Na⁺ ions. The spectra of the three minerals were dominated by the Sb O symmetric stretch of the [Sb(OH)₆]⁻¹ octahedron, which occurs at approximately 620 cm⁻¹. The Raman spectrum of mopungite showed many similarities to spectra of the di‐octahedral minerals, supporting the view that the Sb octahedra give rise to most of the Raman bands observed, particularly below 1200 cm⁻¹. Assignments have been proposed on the basis of the spectral comparison between the minerals, prior literature and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the vibrational spectra of the free [Sb(OH)₆]⁻¹ and [M(H₂O)₆]⁺² octahedra by a model chemistry of B3LYP/6‐31G(d) and lanl2dz for the Sb atom. The single‐crystal spectra showed good mode separation, allowing most of the bands to be assigned to the symmetry species A or E. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Raman spectroscopic study of the uranyl carbonate mineral zellerite

Raman and infrared spectra of the uranyl mineral zellerite, Ca[(UO₂)(CO₃)₂(H₂O)₂]·3H₂O, were measured and tentatively interpreted. U O bond in uranyl and O H···O hydrogen bonds were calculated from the vibrational spectra. The presence of structurally nonequivalent water molecules in the crystal structure of zellerite was inferred. A proposed chemical formula of zellerite is supported. Raman bands at 3514, 3375 and 2945 cm⁻¹and broad infrared bands at 3513, 3396 and 3326 cm⁻¹ are related to the ν OH stretching vibrations of hydrogen‐bonded water molecules. Observed wavenumbers of these vibrations prove that in fact hydrogen bonds participate in the crystal structure of zellerite. The presence of two bands at 1618 and 1681 cm⁻¹ proves structurally distinct and nonequivalent water molecules in the crystal structure of zellerite. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Raman spectroscopy of hydrogen‐arsenate group (AsO3OH) in solid‐state compounds: copper mineral phase geminite Cu(AsO3OH)·H2O from different geological environments

The participation of hydrogen‐arsenate group (AsO₃OH)²⁻ in solid‐state compounds may serve as a model example for explaining and clarifying the behaviour of As and other elements during weathering processes in natural environment. The mineral geminite, a hydrated hydrogen‐arsenate mineral of ideal formula Cu(AsO₃OH)·H₂O, has been studied by Raman and infrared spectroscopies. Two samples of geminite of different origin were investigated and the spectra proved quite similar. In the Raman spectra of geminite, six bands are observed at 741, 812, 836, 851, 859 and 885 cm⁻¹ (Salsigne, France), and 743, 813, 843, 853, 871 and 885 cm⁻¹ (Jáchymov, Czech Republic). The band at 851/853 cm⁻¹ is assigned to the ν₁ (AsO₃OH)²⁻ symmetric stretching mode; the other bands are assigned to the ν₃ (AsO₃OH)²⁻ split triply degenerate antisymmetric stretching mode. Raman bands at 309, 333, 345 and 364/310, 333 and 345 cm⁻¹ are attributed to the ν₂ (AsO₃OH)²⁻ bending mode, and a set of higher wavenumber bands (in the range 400–500 cm⁻¹) is assigned to the ν₄ (AsO₃OH)²⁻ split triply degenerate bending mode. A very complex set of overlapping bands is observed in both the Raman and infrared spectra. Raman bands are observed at 2289, 2433, 2737, 2855, 3235, 3377, 3449 and 3521/2288, 2438, 2814, 3152, 3314, 3448 and 3521 cm⁻¹. Two Raman bands at 2289 and 2433/2288 and 2438 cm⁻¹ are ascribed to the strong hydrogen bonded water molecules. The Raman bands at 3235, 3305 and 3377/3152 and 3314 cm⁻¹ may be assigned to the ν OH stretching vibrations of water molecules. Two bands at 3449 and 3521/3448 and 3521 cm⁻¹ are assigned to the OH stretching vibrations of the (AsO₃OH)²⁻ units. The lengths of the O H···O hydrogen bonds vary in the range 2.60–2.94 Å (Raman) and 2.61–3.07 Å (infrared). Two Raman and infrared bands in the region of the bending vibrations of the water molecules prove that structurally non‐equivalent water molecules are present in the crystal structure of geminite. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Atomic modifications by synchrotron radiation at the calcite–ethanol interface

This article reports on studies of the chemical alterations induced by synchrotron radiation at the calcite–ethanol interface, a simple model system for interfaces between minerals and more complex organic molecules containing OH groups. A combination of X‐ray reflectivity and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of natural calcite, cleaved in distilled ethanol to obtain new clean interfaces, indicated that, during a 5 h period, the two top atomic layers of calcite, CaCO₃, transform into calcium oxide, CaO, by releasing CO₂. Also, the occupation of the first ordered layer of ethanol attached to calcite by hydrogen bonds almost doubles. Comparison between radiated and non‐radiated areas of the same samples demonstrate that these effects are induced only by radiation and not caused by aging. These observations contribute to establishing a time limit for synchrotron experiments involving fluid–mineral interfaces where the polar OH group, as present in ethanol, plays a key role in their molecular structure and bonding. Also, the chemical evolution observed in the interface provides new insight into the behavior of some complex organic molecules involved in biomineralization processes.     

Studies on the origin of the 3400 cm region infrared bands of synthetic and natural α-quartz

Boron was incorporated into synthetic quartz thereby producing, by perturbing an OH vibration, an i.r. band at 3594 cm^?1 whose absorption coefficient varies with boron content. The present study was not able to confirm the correlations of i.r. bands with alkali ions as reported by others. Ions such as Al³⁺, Y³⁺, Yi⁴⁺ and Be²⁺ produced no new, sharp absorption bands in the i.r. spectra. The conclusion was reached that the impurity perturbation of the OH vibration was strongly influenced by the impurity site and that probably the tunnel sites were more important than interstitial or lattice sites. Mass spectrometric analyses of sixteen crystals are reported. I.R. spectra of natural quartz, non-doped synthetic quartz and boron-doped synthetic quartz are presented.     

Raman spectroscopic study of the hydrogen‐arsenate mineral pharmacolite Ca(AsO3OH)·2H2O—implications for aquifer and sediment remediation

The removal of arsenate anions from aqueous media, sediments and wasted soils is of environmental significance. The reaction of gypsum with the arsenate anion results in pharmacolite mineral formation, together with related minerals. Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy have been used to study the mineral pharmacolite Ca(AsO₃OH)· 2H₂O. The mineral is characterised by an intense Raman band at 865 cm⁻¹ assigned to the ν₁ (AsO₃)²⁻ symmetric stretching mode. The equivalent IR band is found at 864 cm⁻¹. The low‐intensity Raman bands in the range from 844 to 886 cm⁻¹ provide evidence for ν₃ (AsO₃) antisymmetric stretching vibrations. A series of overlapping bands in the 300‐450 cm⁻¹ region are attributed to ν₂ and ν₄ (AsO₃) bending modes. Prominent Raman bands at around 3187 cm⁻¹ are assigned to the OH stretching vibrations of hydrogen‐bonded water molecules and the two sharp bands at 3425 and 3526 cm⁻¹ to the OH stretching vibrations of only weakly hydrogen‐bonded hydroxyls in (AsO₃OH)²⁻ units. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

广西黑青色阳起石玉振动光谱特征研究

选取产自广西大化瑶族自治县岩滩镇的黑青色阳起石玉为研究对象,采用电子探针、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和激光拉曼光谱仪就其化学成分和振动光谱特征进行测试分析,并对小半径金属阳离子在阳起石晶体结构中的占位情况予以讨论。结果表明,广西黑青色阳起石玉的主要矿物组成为富铁阳起石,并含有少量铁阳起石;化学成分中的高含量FeO_T(Wt%：18.596%~26.791%)是导致其折射率值(1.64)、密度值(3.12 g·cm-3)偏高且在自然光下呈黑色、透射光下呈绿色的主要原因。受晶体结构中Fe2+对Mg2+的类质同象替代作用影响,广西黑青色阳起石玉1 400~400 cm-1范围内的红外吸收谱带与100~1 200 cm-1范围内的拉曼谱峰位置较透闪石向低频区发生偏移,频差不等;且中红外、近红外吸收光谱和拉曼光谱中均可见四个(MgMgMg)OH(A带),(MgMgFe2+)OH(B带),(MgFe2+Fe2+)OH(C带)和(Fe2+Fe2+Fe2+)OH(D带)振动谱带,其中基频振动谱带分别位于3 674,3 660,3 644和3 625 cm-1附近,倍频振动谱带分别位于7 183,7 154,7 118和7 077 cm-1附近,相对强度为A＜D＜B＜C。化学成分和M-OH红外振动谱带积分面积计算结果显示广西黑青色阳起石玉晶体结构中Mg2+优先占据M₂位置,Fe2+优先占据M₁位置;Mg2+和Fe2+在M₁和M₃位置上的分布相对有序,占位系数接近于1。综合分析认为广西黑青色阳起石玉的变质程度属绿片岩相范畴。     

Raman spectroscopy of halogen‐containing carbonates

Raman spectroscopy complemented with infrared spectroscopy has been used to study a series of selected natural halogenated carbonates from different origins, including bastnasite, parisite and northupite. The position of CO₃²⁻ symmetric stretching vibration varies with the mineral composition. An additional band for northupite at 1107 cm⁻¹ is observed. Raman spectra of bastnasite, parisite and northupite show single bands at 1433, 1420 and 1554 cm⁻¹, respectively, assigned to the ν₃ (CO₃)²⁻ asymmetric stretching mode. The observation of additional Raman bands for the ν₃ modes for some halogenated carbonates is significant in that it shows distortion of the CaO₆ octahedron. No ν₂ Raman bending modes are observed for these minerals. The band is observed in the infrared spectra, and multiple ν₂ modes at 844 and 867 cm⁻¹ are observed for parisite. A single intense infrared band is found at 879 cm⁻¹ for northupite. Raman bands are observed forthe carbonate ν₄ in‐phase bending modes at 722 cm⁻¹ for bastnasite, 736 and 684 cm⁻¹ for parisite and 714 cm⁻¹ for northupite. Multiple bands are observed in the OH stretching region for selected bastansites and parisites, indicating the presence of water and OH units in the mineral structure. The presence of such bands brings into question the actual formula of these halogenated carbonate minerals. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.