部分相干光离焦像面散斑照相法研究

本文研究了部分相干光离焦像面散斑的运动规律.激光离焦散斑是其特例.讨论了制约离焦量的因素,并对其实验技术进行了探讨和验证.     

碳纤维布补强梁裂尖奇异性的光学焦散线实验研究

通过光学焦散线方法对碳纤维布加固含裂纹梁进行三点弯荷载下的静荷载和冲击实验,研究了其断裂特性。在静态实验研究中,记录了不同载荷状态下裂纹的焦散斑光学图像,计算了与之对应的裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,分析了试件在粘贴加固不同长度的碳纤维布情况下焦散斑和应力强度因子演化规律。在动态实验中,记录了裂纹扩展的过程和在此过程中不同时刻的焦散斑和裂纹扩展的路线。通过各瞬间的焦散斑图像,分析裂纹的扩展长度及速度,并得到各时刻的动态应力强度因子。     

部分相干离焦散斑照相的统计理论

运用散斑统计理论，探讨了部分相干离焦散斑照相的统计规律，指出了影响条纹质量的各种因素，并给出了实验验证。     

离焦散斑错位干涉术的逐点滤波分析与应用

通过相关计算,分析了离焦散斑错位干涉术的逐步滤波方法,得到了杨氏条纹的形成及分布特性。讨论了逐点滤波法的实用意义并给出了在缺陷检测中的应用实例。     

零相关位相板准远场应用的数值研究

对零相关位相板匀滑准远场散斑的特性进行了数值模拟,并与使用随机位相板(配合二单元 偏振控制板)的情形进行了比较.结果表明,尽管零相关位相板是针对入射场为平面波和作为 远场应用而设计的,但在准远场应用中,当离焦距离不超过0002355λf²/d2,入射场的振幅随机起伏不超过10%和位相随机起伏不超过λ/2０的情况下,其 散斑的光强起伏仍明显低于采用随机位相板的情形.因而,零相关位相板在准远场应用中仍 能有效地匀滑散斑. 关键词： 零相关位相板 准远场散斑匀滑 激光聚变     

LED焦散光束的传输特性

利用LED光源产生焦散光束,并应用交叉谱密度函数及多光谱叠加的原理计算了轴棱锥后LED部分相干焦散光束的光强分布。理论分析和实验结果验证了像散等参量对焦散光束的影响。通过研究传输距离对LED焦散光束的影响发现,随着传输距离增大,焦散光束星状外轮廓尺寸变大,中心光斑逐渐向外环对称分裂,同时中心光强相应减弱,光点阵列衬比度逐渐降低,最终将演化成近似空心光束。研究结果丰富了焦散光束的内涵,为LED焦散光束的实际应用提供了理论基础和实验依据。     

基于单幅数字散斑投影及图像相关的离面振动测量

采用单幅数字散斑图投影及高速数字图像采集技术,研究了动态离面位移的测量。采用商用液晶投影仪将计算机产生的模拟散斑图投影到待测动态变形物体表面,由高速数字图像采集设备摄取并保存变形散斑图,采用时间序列数字图像相关软件计算出物体表面各点随时间变化的离面位移。这种方法用于振动分析时不仅可以获得振型分布,而且还可以获得各点的振幅值。与现有的激光频闪照相测振及激光多普勒测振等方法相比,具有光学系统简单,可全场定量测量。悬臂梁振动实验结果证实了该方法的有效性。     

利用动态散斑实现体全息存储的新型复用技术

本文提出了一种新型散斑全息存储技术,它是在体全息存储参考光路中加入一随机相位板并通过其移位导致被参考光照明的位置发生变化,利用在存储介质上产生的动态散斑实现多重全息存储.基于动态散斑互相关和衍射理论导出了相应的理论模型,给出了参考光散斑尺雨寸对反映存储密度的复用选择性影响的计算分析和实验结果,从而表明该技术可方便地用于提高系统的存储密度.     

均匀椭球形液滴三阶和四阶彩虹条纹特征

基于矢量光线追踪(VRT)模型,研究了均匀椭球形液滴三阶和四阶彩虹区域的光学焦散结构,详细探究了光学焦散结构的演化过程,得到了三阶彩虹条纹的模拟结果、条纹曲率以及三阶彩虹和双曲脐条纹尖点焦散位置与椭球度的关系。     

基于束间动态干涉的快速匀滑新方法

针对高功率激光装置中靶面辐照均匀性的高要求,提出了一种利用束间动态干涉改善辐照均匀性的快速匀滑方法.基本原理是利用共轭相位板阵列对存在一定波长差的多束激光附加相位调制,从而使各子束在远场两两相干叠加以产生动态的干涉图样,进而引起焦斑内部散斑的动态扫动,在ps时间内抹平不均匀性.以典型惯性约束聚变装置中的激光集束为例,通过建立基于束间动态干涉的快速匀滑物理模型,定量分析了相位板类型、相位调制幅度和束间波长差等因素对焦斑动态干涉图样的影响及规律,进而对其束匀滑特性进行了讨论.结果表明,基于束间动态干涉的快速匀滑方法可以有效地实现多方向、多维度的焦斑内部散斑快速扫动,且通过与传统束匀滑技术的联用,可以在更短的时间内达到更好的焦斑均匀性.     

On the Joint Distribution of Observables

A general algebraic system M is considered with two binary operations. The family of all measurable functions with values in the unit interval is a motivating example. A state is a morphism from M to the unit interval, an observable is a morphism from the family of Borel sets to M. A joint distribution of two observables is constructed. It is applied for the construction of the sum of observables and for a representation of conditional probability.     

Figure Measurement of Concave Mirror by Fiber-Grating Hartmann Test

A new type of Hartmann test was developed using an optical fiber grating instead of the traditional Hartmann screen with multiple holes. A fiber-grating is made of short optical fibers arranged in single layers with no gaps between them. On illumination with laser light, the fiber-grating generates fan-like diverging multiple rays of almost equivalent intensities. Two gratings are overlapped at right angles to make multiple beams diverging in two directions. Rays reflected from test mirror surfaces converge to make a point focus provinding the sulface is free from aberrations. A CCD camera detects a spot pattern of beams near but out of focus, and a personal computer analyzes the spot patterns and calculates the figure error from a ideal surface. A few concave mirrors were analyzed by this method and the results compared with those obtained with a Fizeau interferometer. The data using the two systems were consistent with each other to within 1/10A.     

The Newton-Wigner and Wightman localization of the photon

A quantum theory of the photon is developed in a natural manner. Newton-Wigner and Wightman demonstrated that the photon could not be strictly localized according to natural criteria. These investigations involved the identification of an elementary system with a uirrep of the Poincare group. We identify a particle with the localized measurement of the states satisfying the uirrep. In the case of zero mass and unit spin, the photon is identified with those components of the state that can be localized. A c-number four-vector potential and Lorentz condition are derived from the relativistic wave equation. The Wightman localization is demonstrated for the three independent space components of the vector potential, and the photon is identified with these components. A position operator and probability density follow immediately from the localization. A consequence of the subjective definition of a photon is that the transformations of the vector potential are unitary, and hence the unitary scalar product can be obtained for the four-vector potential. A Hilbert space is defined for the three space components of the vector potential. A position operator and probability density are derived from the scalar product, which compare directly with those obtained from the localization and the non-relativistic theory. As the longitudinal and scalar polarizations do not contribute to the measured transition probability, they are considered virtual. Lastly, a conserved four-vector current is derived from the scalar product. The possibility of observing a strict localization of the photon in the laboratory is suggested.     

磁过滤器电流对非晶碳薄膜摩擦学特性影响的研究

研究了过滤阴极真空电弧技术中,不同的磁过滤器电流下(5—13 A),制备的四面体非晶碳(ta-C)薄膜对摩擦学特性的影响.通过对薄膜厚度,薄膜结构以及薄膜表面粗糙度随磁过滤电流的变化结果进行了测试,结果表明,随着磁过滤器电流的增大,薄膜的sp³键含量逐渐减少,表面粗糙度从0.13增大到0.38.磁过滤器电流在5 A时,薄膜的摩擦系数最小约为0.08,当电流增大到7 A时,摩擦系数显著增大,磁过滤器电流从7 A增大到13 A时,薄膜的摩擦系数再次减小约为0.1. 关键词： 四面体非晶碳 过滤阴极真空电弧 磁过滤器电流 摩擦系数     

`Spiking' radiation in the Columbia free electron laser

A report is presented on the observation of spikes of high-intensity radiation emitted from a 2-mm wavelength Raman free electron laser oscillator. The spikes are correlated with a well-developed sideband spectrum, including several sideband harmonics, together with the carrier. A pulse width ~150 ps is obtained from analysis of data obtained with a two-slit Young's experiment. An even shorter pulse width results from a numerical model. Using an elementary model of the spike, it is estimated that the peak spike pulse power is ~100 MW     

n型砷化镓深能级发光的动力学分析

本文从实验上研究了n型砷化镓中深能级有关的阴极射线致发光的温度猝灭与激发强度的关系以及阴极射线致发光的瞬态特性。采用两种样品;在n型GaAs衬底上用MOCVD外延的n型GaAs（掺S）的样品和在此基础上800℃扩入放射性Cr51的样品。用SI阴极光电倍增管接收阴极射线致发光,利用光子计数和延迟符合技术进行测量。以单能级和双能级两种模型分别计算了发光的稳态强度和衰减动力学过程。     

铝-钨丝混编阵的Z-箍缩实验研究

利用铝丝和钨丝混合编制的丝阵作为Z箍缩的负载，在俄罗斯Kurchatov研究所的S300强流装置上对其Z箍缩过程进行了实验研究，并与纯铝丝阵和纯钨丝阵的实验结果进行了比较.不同材料组成的丝阵的Z箍缩x射线能谱之间有明显差异，混编丝阵的铝K壳层的x射线辐射强度比纯铝丝阵的弱，在纯钨丝阵Z箍缩中没有发现波长小于1.6nm的线辐射.混编丝阵Z箍缩的x射线发光区域比纯铝丝阵的小，但比纯钨丝阵的大,混编丝阵的x射线产额比纯铝丝阵的大，但比纯钨丝阵的略低.在驱动电流为2.5—2.8MA条件下，Z箍缩的径向收缩比为4—5，x射线辐射脉冲脉宽为25ns左右，峰值为0.3—0.5TW，总能量为10—20kJ.激光探针的阴影像显示了丝阵等离子体形成的细致过程，还表明了等离子体的边界面不够清晰，其不稳定性有明显的发展，内部有丰富的结构. 关键词： Z箍缩 混编丝阵 S300强流装置     

Modeling of hydrogen ground state rotational and vibrational temperatures in kinetic plasmas

A dipole-quadrupole electron-impact excitation model, consistent with molecular symmetry rules, is presented to fit ro-vibronic spectra of the hydrogen Fulcher-α Q-branch line emissions for passively measuring the rotational temperature of hydrogen neutral molecules in kinetic plasmas with the coronal equilibrium approximation. A quasi-rotational temperature and quadrupole contribution factor are adjustable parameters in the model. Quadrupole excitation is possible due to a violation of the 1st Born approximation for low to medium energy electrons (up to several hundred eV). The Born-Oppenheimer and Franck-Condon approximations are implicitly shown to hold. A quadrupole contribution of 10% is shown to fit experimental data at several temperatures from different experiments with electron energies from several to 100 eV. A convenient chart is produced to graphically determine the vibrational temperature of the hydrogen molecules from diagonal band intensities, if the ground state distribution is Boltzmann. Hydrogen vibrational modes are long-lived, surviving up to thousands of wall collisions, consistent with multiple other molecular dynamics computational results. The importance of inter-molecular collisions during a plasma pulse is also discussed.     

Single picosecond-pulse generation in a mode-locked oscillator and regenerative amplifier system

A mode-locked Nd-glass laser oscillator with intra-cavity pulse selection by a Pockels cell shutter is described. A regenerative amplifier system with a saturable absorber is used to shorten the selected light pulses from the master oscillator. Pulses were shortened from 8 ps to 1 ps.