高效率BF3正比探测器阵列探测中子技术

针对中子产额范围宽、下限低，研制4个具有高中子探测效率的正比探测器，由置于慢化体内的BF3正比计数管阵列和电压前置放大器组成。每个探测器内共包括12支BF3正比计数管，并根据不同的数目分为两组。在图l所示的实验中，利用这种多管的正比探测器，可以对产额变化范围宽、下限低的不同脉冲中子源产额进行测量。     

基于BF3正比管的宽量程脉冲中子探测技术

介绍了一种基于BF3正比计数管的宽量程脉冲中子探测技术。该技术采用多通道、组合式的BF3管阵列中子探测器组,以适应产额变化范围较宽的脉冲中子测试场合,并同时兼顾测量下限。基于该技术研制了一套BF3阵列中子探测系统并应用于脉冲中子源的测试,实验结果表明,该系统的脉冲中子测量范围可达5个数量级(56~8106),测量下限低、输出信号清晰,证明了该技术的可行性和有效性。     

BF3计数管阵列灵敏度标定和X光干扰观测

在黑洞靶实验中，加μｓ高压门和铅屏蔽体后，强Ｘ光辐射对ＢＦ３计数管阵列的干扰得到抑制同时，给出了ＢＦ３计数管阵列灵敏度在位标定结果。     

γ射线对含氢正比计数管中子能谱测量的影响

通过蒙特卡罗模拟和实验测量相结合的方法,获得从50keV~10MeV区间γ射线在直径为30mm内充1.013 25MPa氢气的球形含氢正比计数管上的能量响应,结果显示,γ射线在该计数管中的能量沉积主要集中在100keV附近及以下。Am-Be中子源和137 Cs源的实验测量结果显示,强137 Cs源的γ射线会严重影响含氢正比计数管对Am-Be中子源100keV以下能谱的测量,这表明,裂变材料介质内的强γ射线同样会影响到介质内100keV以下中子能谱的测量。根据计数管对反冲质子和电子电离信号的收集特性,采用上升时间法甄别掉本底γ射线是可行的。     

HL-1M托卡马克中的中子通量和辐射剂量当量测量

用5台带有慢化剂(聚乙烯)的BF3₃正比计数管中子探测器测量中子通量和剂量当 量.4台 置于HL_1M装置的四周,分别测量了在氘等离子体条件下,因欧姆加热和波加热产生的热核聚 变中子产额、中子通量和剂量,以及氢等离子体条件下因高能x射线引起的光致核反应而产生 的光致中子. 另一台流动于其他6个观察点,主要监测中子剂量当量. 在D_D聚变条件下,实测 中子产额与计算值作比较,两者在数量级上大体一致. 中子辐射剂量当量远低于国家和部颁 标准,更低于国际防护委员会推荐的中子辐射允许剂量当量 关键词： 3正比计数管')" href="#">BF3₃正比计数管 光致中子 氘_氘聚变中子 剂量当量     

盖格计数管中淬滅气体之分解

氩-酒精计数管中压力变化的测量结果指出,相应於放电中每一对离子,管内增加的气体分子数在5到10间,且此数随超过电压的降低而增加。因此计数管的使用寿命不能仅以允许通过计数管的总电荷表示。     

一种新型多元素X射线荧光分析仪的研制

新研制的一种用于建材的新型多元素Ｘ射线荧光分析仪与传统的技术方案不同，采用了小功率Ｘ光管激发，薄铍窗正比计数管探测，在低号元素Ａｌ、Ｓｉ的测量方面，具有特色。并简要介绍了仪器的工作原理、组成、技术指标及工业应用效果。     

快速多阵列等离子体辐射测量系统

热辐射测量是聚变实验研究中标准的诊断系统之一，主要用来测量总辐射功率和辐射功率密度的空间分布。我们自行研制的多阵列等离子体辐射测量系统在2005年实验期间首次获得了实验结果。     

一种智能光网络中的亚毫秒光开关阵列

设计研制了一种亚毫秒级微机械光开关阵列.该阵列驱动电压为5V,开关时间小于750μs, 插入损耗在0.6 dB～0.8 dB之间,串扰<－70 dB.具有结构简单、成本低廉、可大规模集成的优点,能很好地解决智能光网络节点连接设备OADM快速信号转换和串扰问题.详细介绍了该光开关阵列实现原理,报告了器件性能测试,并应用FEA软件分析了开关单元中磁场和开关驱动过程.     

纤维光学 其他

TN25 2006043342光纤阵列自动测量系统的研制=Development of auto-measuring systemfor fiber array[刊,中]/廖强华(深圳职业技术学院机电学院.广东,深圳(518055)) ,钟江生∥激光与红外.—2006 ,36(4) .—285-287介绍一种光纤阵列自动测量系统,该系统依靠计算机图像处理和识别技术,应用高精度的运动平台,结合光栅尺的反馈数据,识别并测量出光纤阵列各个纤芯的位置,从而计算出纤芯与纤芯间的相对距离,实现自动测量,其测量精度可达0 .1μm。将自动分析和输出测量结果供生产监控,极大地提高了测量精度与生产效率,实现了光纤阵列检测的自动化…     

集中力作用下球形颗粒六角密排堆积体的传力研究

采用铝塑板技术和复写纸技术相结合,当球形颗粒堆积体在不同的六角密排情况下受集中力作用时,对堆积体底面力的分布情况进行了定量的实验研究.结果表明：在所有排列情形下都存在明显的拱效应,且在堆积体的每一水平层面上力的分布都具有120°对称性.证实了颗粒排列形式对力的传递有很大影响.发现在纯六角密排排列时,底部颗粒的受力最为平均,单个颗粒受力的最大值在所有排列中为最小.还发现了非主力链的“聚焦”现象.对实验结果做出了理论解释. 关键词： 颗粒介质 六角密排 力链     

不同Z-箍缩负载磁绝缘传输线电流损失特性

 在装置“S-300”上，通过测量真空磁绝缘传输线中电极间电子流轫致辐射和负载上的电流、电压等参数，研究了磁绝缘传输线中的电流损失特性。实验中使用了阻抗特性不同的3种负载，结果表明，磁绝缘传输线中的电流损失特性显著地取决于负载。当负载为丝阵靶时，电流损失出现在丝阵等离子体最大箍缩时刻，且其值不超过负载总电流的5％。     

应用分割矩阵全局优化算法设计用于编码孔径成像的二维阵列

二维编码阵列是编码孔径成像的关键部件,它直接决定着再现的层析图像的质量。目前仍没有一种理想的二维阵列既具有较高的量子收集率,又具有良好的层析成像特性。采用一种新的方法———分割矩阵(DIRECT)全局优化算法,设计二维阵列,该算法适用于多变量“黑盒”问题的求解,并且具有比其他优化算法更快的收敛速度。其目的是设计一类自相关函数旁瓣最大值为1,同时具有最大填充率的二维编码阵列。理论分析及实验结果表明:用该算法搜索得到的二维阵列既具有较高的量子收集率,又具有良好的层析成像特性。     

Multiplexed Readout of Superconducting Bolometers

Studies of emission in the far-infrared and submillimeter from astrophysical sources require large arrays of detectors containing hundreds to thousands of elements. A multiplexed readout is necessary for practical implementation of such arrays, and can be developed using SQUIDS, such that, e.g., a 32 × 32 array of bolometers can be read out using 100 wires rather than the >2000 needed with a brute force expansion of existing arrays. These bolometer arrays are made by micromachining techniques, using superconducting transition edge sensors as the thermistors. We describe the development of this multiplexed superconducting bolometer array architecture as a step toward bringing about the first astronomically useful arrays of this design. This technology will be used in the SAFIRE instrument on SOFIA, and is a candidate for a wide variety of other spectroscopic and photometric instruments.     

Selective growth of ZnO nanorods in aqueous solution

ZnO nanorod arrays find applications in solar energy conversion, light emission and other promising areas. One approach to generate ZnO nanorods is the cost efficient aqueous chemical growth (ACG). Usually the ACG process is based on a nucleation step followed by growth of ZnO nanorods in aqueous solution at temperatures below 95 C.We report on the fabrication of homogeneous, large scale arrays of nanorods on various substrate materials (Si, glass, polymer) by ACG. PL-measurements show surprisingly good optical quality although the rods were grown at low temperature.Even though we have developed patterning of these arrays with photolithographic techniques, a bottom up approach for lateral patterning is important concerning further applications especially for mass-production. The substrates with patterned metal layers were employed to realize selective growth of nanorods. The experiments were carried out on Ti-, Ag- and Pt-patterned substrates. Selective growth on metal structured glass substrates was developed and is described.     

Effects of disorder on voltage coherence in a modified linear Josephson array

We report numerical simulations on the effect of disorder in parallel-biased series of arrays of overdamped Josephson junctions. Our arrays feature additional parallel-conected ‘shunt’ junctions which provide strong local coupling between pairs of junctions along the series-connected ‘backbone’. We find that series arrays of 20 junctions have phase-locked and phase-coherent dynamical modes which are tolerant of more than 50% spread in critical currents,I _C , and plaquette area, S. The arrays, however, show moderate tolerance to (10% spread) disorder in bias currents,I _B . This tolerance to disorder in array parameters implies that practical RF sources might be possible using these arrays.     

Parallel interconnection and neural network systems employing semiconductor array technology and computer-generated holography

An experimental 16-channel parallel interconnection system able to support 100 Mbits^–1 per channel and an opto-electronic neural network operating at up to 50 Mbits^–1 have been constructed to demonstrate the potential of optics in processing systems. Both experiments operate at a wavelength of 1.5m. Components developed for these systems include arrays of InGaAs/InP MQW surface modulators for low-power electrical-to-optical conversion; InGaAs/InP for detector arrays, which are hybrid integrated with GaAs amplifier arrays; and computer-generated holograms for efficient beam splitting and to encode weights in the optical beam intensities. Each of these demonstrations has considerable scope for increasing the degree of parallelism and the operating speed. Recent modifications to the neural network enable the weights to be varied and training has been demonstrated with a novel algorithm that uses the high operating speed to advantage.     

Near-resonance scattering from arrays of artificial fish swimbladders

The air-filled swimbladders of fish resonate like damped air bubbles, and are very efficient acoustic scatterers at low to mid frequencies (typically <20 kHz). Scattering experiments were performed on an artificial "fish school" constructed from polyethylene bubbles. A mathematical model, developed to describe near-resonance backscattering from schooling fish [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99, 196-208 (1996)], was used to analyze the physical behavior for three different arrays of these bubbles. The measurements gave excellent agreement with the model, showing that coupled-resonance and interference effects cause the frequency response of tightly packed arrays, with spacing corresponding to the order of a body length for fish, to differ significantly from those of more dispersed arrays. As the array spacing is increased to the equivalent of several body lengths, these effects rapidly diminish. The results of this comparison demonstrate that, at low to mid frequencies, coupled resonance and interference effects are likely in schooling fish, and need to be considered in applications of underwater acoustic methods to the study of fish populations.     

Collective resonances in plasmonic crystals: Size matters

Periodic arrays of metallic nanoparticles may sustain surface lattice resonances (SLRs), which are collective resonances associated with the diffractive coupling of localized surface plasmons resonances (LSPRs). By investigating a series of arrays with varying number of particles, we traced the evolution of SLRs to its origins. Polarization resolved extinction spectra of arrays formed by a few nanoparticles were measured, and found to be in very good agreement with calculations based on a coupled dipole model. Finite size effects on the optical properties of the arrays are observed, and our results provide insight into the characteristic length scales for collective plasmonic effects: for arrays smaller than ∼5×5$\sim 5\times 5$ particles, the Q  -factors of SLRs are lower than those of LSPRs; for arrays larger than ∼20×20$\sim 20\times 20$ particles, the Q-factors of SLRs saturate at a much larger value than those of LSPRs; in between, the Q-factors of SLRs are an increasing function of the number of particles in the array.     

Induced growth of asymmetric nanocantilever arrays on polar surfaces

We report that the Zn-terminated ZnO (0001) polar surface is chemically active and the oxygen-terminated (000(-)1) polar surface is inert in the growth of nanocantilever arrays. Longer and wider "comblike" nanocantilever arrays are grown from the (0001)-Zn surface, which is suggested to be a self-catalyzed process due to the enrichment of Zn at the growth front. The chemically inactive (0001;)-O surface typically does not initiate any growth, but controlling experimental conditions could lead to the growth of shorter and narrower nanocantilevers from the intersections between (000(-)1)-O with +/- (01(-)10) surfaces.