斜入射分层线性各向异性等离子体电磁散射时域有限差分方法分析

提出了斜入射分层线性各向异性等离子体电磁散射的时域有限差分(FDTD)方法,通过将二维麦克斯韦方程等价地转换为一维麦克斯韦方程,避免了用二维时域有限差分方法分析该散射问题,极大地提高了计算效率.分析推导了TEz和TMz波斜入射线性分层各向异性等离子体电磁散射的FDTD方法,然后通过该方法计算不同入射角的各向异性等离子板的电磁波反射系数,并与其解析解进行比较,结果表明该方法的准确性和有效性.最后,将该算法应用于计算涂覆分层各向异性等离子体金属板在不同入射角下的反射系数,分析了不同入射角对反射系数的影响.     

等离子体的SO-FDTD算法和对电磁波反射系数的计算分析

将一类色散介质的介电常数写成有理分式函数形式，进而导出FDTD中电位移矢量D和电场强度E之间的关系，形成SO-FDTD方法. 应用该方法计算了冷等离子体平板对电磁波的反射系数，通过与解析结果的比较，验证了该算法的高效性和高精度，同时，应用SO-FDTD方法，计算了等离子体层对垂直入射电磁波的反射系数，结果表明：等离子体厚度、电子密度、电子密度的分布形式和入射波频率是影响反射系数的重要因素. 关键词： 等离子体 电磁波 FDTD方法     

色散周期结构的辅助场时域有限差分法分析

利用辅助场时域有限差分(FDTD)方法分析色散周期结构的斜入射问题. 主要基于Floquet定理, 在FDTD迭代式中引入辅助场量, 结合变换的周期及吸收边界条件,解决了周期结构斜入射问题的电磁特性仿真. 进一步将辅助场FDTD方法引入至色散周期结构的模拟, 结合Z变换方法,给出了基于Drude色散模型的具体迭代公式. 数值计算结果表明所构建方法的有效性及普适应.     

用FDTD计算各向异性磁化等离子体涂敷二维目标的RCS

采用z变换方法把时域有限差分方法(FDTD)推广应用于二维各向异性色散介质—磁化等离子 体中，该算法同时解决了电磁波在各向异性和频率色散介质中传播的计算问题，给出了各向 异性磁化等离子体中FDTD迭代公式.计算了各向异性磁化等离子体涂敷导体圆柱前后其雷达 散射截面(RCS)的变化情况，分析了等离子体碰撞频率和电子回旋频率对其RCS的影响. 关键词： 时域有限差分方法 各向异性磁化等离子体     

斜入射非线性电离层Langmuir扰动的电磁波传播特性

基于广义Zakharov模型,结合斜入射等离子体的时域有限差分(FDTD)方法与双流体力学方程,通过由二维麦克斯韦方程等价转换的一维麦克斯韦方程,与等离子体流体力学方程建立了一个电磁波以不同角度入射电离层传播的数值模型.分析推导出TE_z波在斜入射非线性电离层等离子体的支配方程,然后推导了适用于计算电离层电磁波传播特性的FDTD算法.通过仿真来证明该方法在较小倾角下,电磁波对电离层加热形成Langmuir扰动及其传播特性的准确性和有效性.结果表明,在小角度入射下,大功率高频电磁波在电离层等离子体中的O波反射点附近激发出了Langmuir波,同时波粒相互作用导致O波转换为Z波并向电离层更高区域传播.本文进一步研究了基于电离层等离子体的电磁波传播特性,为全面深入分析电离层Langmuir扰动对电离层电波传播特性影响奠定数值算法的基础.     

各向异性磁化等离子体的SO-FDTD算法

给出了一种新的计算各向异性磁化色散介质的有限差分(FDTD)算法，称为移位算子FDTD(SO-FDTD)算法，它利用算子之间的移位递推关系，将一类色散介质的包含介电常数的表达式写成有理分式函数形式，进而导出FDTD中一系列相关量之间的关系.通过计算各向异性等离子体平板对电磁波的反射系数和透射系数，验证了该算法的高效性和高精度，与JEC算法相比，可使计算效率提高数倍. 关键词： 磁化等离子体 电磁波 FDTD方法 各向异性     

等离子体的分段线性电流密度递推卷积FDTD算法

给出了一种新的色散介质的时域有限差分(FDTD)算法，称为分段线性电流密度递推卷积FDTD算法.利用电流密度和电场强度的卷积关系，给出了该算法的计算公式.通过计算碰撞冷均匀等离子体平板对电磁波的反射系数和透射系数，验证了该算法的高效性和高精度. 关键词： 色散介质 FDTD算法 电磁波     

任意形状金属腔体内电磁脉冲的三维计算

提出了模拟任意形状腔体中的内电磁脉冲的三维直角坐标系时域有限差分(FDTD)算法。该算法采用FDTD共形网格技术模拟任意形状腔体的边界,可以解决腔体内非对称的边界问题。推导了射线斜入射的差分方程,进行了三维数值计算,并采用直角坐标系FDTD算法和柱坐标系FDTD算法计算了射线斜入射圆柱腔体产生的内电磁脉冲,二者吻合很好,验证了直角坐标系FDTD算法正确性。     

分层背景2维FDTD中斜入射平面波的引入

 对于分层介质中目标散射的时域有限差分（FDTD）计算,在分层背景中引入斜入射平面波源是一个难点。在2维Maxwell方程基础上,导出TM和TE模下含有斜入射角度的１维Maxwell方程,并用它在分层介质中连接边界上模拟斜入射平面波源,克服了分层背景时域有限差分计算斜入射平面波引入的困难。对熔石英表面覆盖薄膜的分层光学元件进行平面波斜入射时域有限差分计算结果表明,电磁波在各层内形成完好的平面波推进,验证了这种斜入射平面波添加方式的正确性。并通过对含气泡的缺陷模型的计算,来阐述这种入射波添加方式的应用。     

基于FDTD方法的光栅结构光谱特性研究

基于时域有限差分(FDTD)法,从麦克斯韦方程组出发,结合周期边界条件将完全匹配层SAC-PML吸收边界条件应用到所建立的光栅数值模型中.对光栅结构和光滑表面结构的光谱特性进行了数值计算,得到了TM波入射时结构的吸收率,讨论了金属光栅耦合的表面等离子极化(SPPs)和空腔谐振模(Microcavity Mode)现象....     

频率色散表面阻抗对真空电子太赫兹源的影响

为了研究欧姆损耗对高频真空电子器件工作特性的影响,首先推导频率色散表面阻抗边界在三维共形粒子模拟软件UNIPIC-3D中的实现原理,并通过对有耗边界矩形谐振腔和圆波导进行模拟验证了该阻抗边界算法的正确性.采用有耗共形UNIPIC-3D模拟相对论太赫兹表面波振荡器和低电压平板格栅返波振荡器.模拟结果表明,对于表面波振荡器和平板BWO这种电磁场集中在金属慢波结构附近的太赫兹真空电子器件,欧姆损耗会对器件的运行带来极大影响,对于采用铜材料的器件,输出功率会下降一半左右,器件起振时间出现延迟,但器件工作频率几乎不变.为了提高相对论太赫兹表面波振荡器的效率,在二极管和慢波结构之间增加了反射腔,模拟结果表明,在考虑器件表面损耗的条件下,器件的工作频率保持不变,输出功率由41 MW提高到60 MW.     

The effect of impedance boundary conditions on the potential function of the boundary diffraction wave theory

A novel potential function of the boundary diffraction wave theory is obtained for the impedance surfaces by the asymptotic reduction of the modified theory of physical integrals. The function is expressed in terms of the direction vectors of the incident and scattered rays. The application of the method is performed on the problem of diffraction of plane waves by an impedance half plane for oblique incidence.     

High-frequency wave diffraction by an impedance segment at oblique incidence

The plane problem of high-frequency acoustic wave diffraction by a segment with impedance boundary conditions is considered. The angle of incidence of waves is assumed to be small (oblique). The paper generalizes the method previously developed by the authors for an ideal segment (with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions). An expression for the directional pattern of the scattered field is derived. The optical theorem is proved for the case of the parabolic equation. The surface wave amplitude is calculated, and the results are numerically verified by the integral equation method.     

A study on the multi-freedom broadband impedance model for time-domain simulations

The purpose of this paper is to construct a general broadband impedance model, which is suited for predicting acoustic propagation problems in time domain.A multi-freedom broadband impedance model for sound propagation over impedance surfaces is proposed and the corresponding time domain impedance boundary condition is presented.Basing on the extended Helmholtz resonator,the multi-freedom impedance model is constructed through combing with a sum of rational functions in the form of general complex-conjugate pole-residue pairs and it is proved that the impedance model is well posed.The impedance boundary condition can be implemented into a computational aeroacoustics solver by a recursive convolution technique, which results in a fast and computationally efficient algorithm.The two dimensional and three dimensional benchmark problems are selected to validate the accuracy of the proposed impedance model and time domain simulations.The numerical results are in good agreement with the reference solutions.It is demonstrated that the proposed impedance model can be used to describe the broadband characteristics of acoustic liners,and the corresponding time domain impedance boundary condition is viable and accurate for the prediction of sound propagation over broadband impedance surfaces.     

FDTD model of non-magnetized plasma coatings on metals based on collocated surface impedance boundary conditions

A finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) model is developed for non-magnetized plasma thin layers on metal surfaces illuminated by vertical polarization (TE) and parallel polarization (TM) plane waves at oblique incidence. The model is based on collocated first-order surface impedance boundary conditions (SIBCs), permitting one to remove the plasma coating and the substrate from the computational space. The reflection of TE and TM plane waves at varying oblique incident angles from the plasma coating surfaces is simulated. The results are numerically verified by the comparison with the exact results in the one-dimensional situation. Magnitude and phase error of the calculated reflection coefficients are studied to illustrate that the proposed model has greatly improved accuracy over the original SIBCs implementation. Finally, we calculate the radar cross-section (RCS) of a perfectly conducting cube covered with plasma coatings utilizing the proposed collocated SIBCs, which further demonstrates the practical application of the model.     

Millimeter Wave Scattering of 2-D Frequency Selective Surface by Efficient Method of Lines with Preconditioned CG Technique

In this paper, both banded and symmetric successive overrelaxation (SSOR) preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) techniques are combined with method of lines (MOL) to further enhance the computational efficiency of this semi-analytic method. The electromagnetic wave scattering of 2-D frequency-selective surface is used as the examples to describe its implementation, whose analysis usually needs fast algorithms because of electrically large dimension. For arbitrary incident wave, helmholtz equation and boundary condition are used to calculate the impedance matrix and then to obtain reduced current-voltage linear matrix equation in spatial domain. Both banded and effective symmetric successive overrelaxation preconditioned conjugate gradient iterative method are chosen to solve this matrix equation. Our numerical results show that PCG methods can converge to accurate solution in much fewer iteration steps for analysis of the electromagnetic wave scattering from 2-D frequency-selective surface.     

An experimental study of the acoustic impedance characteristics of human hair

Previous analytical and empirical studies of the human auditory system have shown that the cues used for localization are modified by the inclusion of nonrigid scattering surfaces (clothing, hair etc). This paper presents an investigation into the acoustic impedance properties of human hair. The legitimacy of a locally reactive surface assumption is investigated, and an appropriate boundary condition is formulated to account for the physiological composition of a human head with hair. This utilizes an equivalent impedance parameter to allow the scattering boundary to be defined at a reference plane coincident with the inner rigid surface of the head. Experimental examination of a representative synthetic hair material at oblique incidence is used to show that a locally reactive surface assumption is legitimate. Additional experimental analysis of a simple scattering problem illustrates that the equivalent impedance must be used in favor of the traditional surface impedance to yield physically correct pressure magnitudes. The equivalent acoustic impedance properties of a representative range of human hair samples are discussed, including trends with sample thickness, fiber diameter, bulk density, and mass.     

A model comparison of the absorption coefficient of a Microperforated Insertion Unit in the frequency and time domains

The absorption coefficient of acoustic materials can be measured either in the frequency or the time domain. At normal incidence, a sample of the material is fitted within an impedance tube and the absorption coefficient is calculated in the frequency domain from the measurement of the transfer function between two microphones [ISO 10534-2. Acoustics - determination of sound absorption coefficient and impedance in impedance tubes - Part 2: transfer function method. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland; 1996]. When the acoustic material must be characterized at oblique incidence or in situ (noise barriers, for instance) the absorption coefficient is calculated from measurements of the loudspeaker-microphone impulse response in the time domain, both in free field and in front of the sample [CEN/TS 1793-5. Road traffic noise reduction devices - test method for determining the acoustic performance - Part 5: intrinsic characteristics - in situ values of sound reflection and airborne sound insulation. CEN, Brussels, Belgium; 2003, ISO 13472-1. Acoustic measurement of sound absorption properties of road surfaces in situ - Part I: extended surface method. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland; 2002]. Since the absorption is an intrinsic property of the acoustic material, its measurement in either domain must provide the same result. However, this has not been formally demonstrated yet. The aim of this paper is to carry out a comparison between the absorption coefficient predicted by the impedance model of a Microperforated Insertion Unit and the absorption coefficient predicted from a simulated reflection trace taken into account the finite length of the time window.     

三维粗糙面电磁双站散射的直接型区域分解计算

提出三维粗糙面双站电磁散射的直接型有限元-区域分解方法.首先建立含有迭代Robin边界条件(IRBC)的区域分解法耦合模型,再用内视法导出高度稀疏分块的分区耦合矩阵,之后给出缩减耦合矩阵带宽的子区域排序方法和IRBC的FFT加速算法.用有限元-完全匹配层和未分区的有限元-IRBC方法验证数值结果.     

基于压缩感知的一维海面与二维舰船复合后向电磁散射快速算法研究

矩量法作为数值方法中积分方程方法的代表, 具有计算精度高、所用格林函数自动满足辐射条件、无须额外设置边界条件等优点. 但是在舰船目标与海面复合后向电磁散射仿真中, 传统矩量法需针对每个入射角反复求解矩阵方程组, 导致其在处理后向散射问题时计算量大, 耗时长, 仿真效率低下. 为解决上述问题, 本文提出了一种基于压缩感知技术的矩量法的改进算法. 该算法在求解复合后向散射问题时, 首先利用观测矩阵与传统矩量法中的电压矩阵相乘, 得到一组新的低维度的电压矩阵; 其次通过求解新电压矩阵下的矩阵方程组, 获得电流矩阵的观测值; 最后利用恢复算法(本文采用正交匹配追踪算法)重构出所需的原始入射源照射下的电流系数. 通过与传统矩量法的计算结果对比, 表明本文所提算法能够在保证计算精度的前提下, 明显减少计算时间, 提高计算效率.