用计算机模拟技术选择混合物中稀土元素定性分析用谱线

用ICP光谱的模拟技术找出了供稀土元素定性分析用的发射谱线。每条发射谱线的波长和相对强度都贮存于软盘中。在计算机键盘上给出所要考查的谱线波长之后,该线的各相邻谱线就会被自动地查出并按高斯分布的形状画出它们的轮廓。经验证,模拟光谱与实际观测到的十分相似。发射谱线是根据使它们相互间的干扰即便在干扰元素浓度远远超过待测元素时也变得很小的原则选出的。所选出的这些谱线与通常已知待测物的定量分析中所选用的谱线十分不同。此定性分析的规则系统是以图形识别法为基础的。在这里,是对所观测到的每种元素发射谱线的强度比与只含一种待测元素时的情况作比较。     

ICP—AES中光谱干扰的计算机模拟：Ⅱ.有效谱线轮廓宽度的计算

在电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)中,利用计算机模拟光谱线对于光谱干扰的快速准确预测是一种有效的方法。在模拟过程中,主要步骤在于计算光谱线轮廓。前人在谱线轮廓的计算方面已进行过探讨,但所涉及的大多为谱线的物理轮廓。实际上,任何光谱分析均需通过一定的光谱仪器进行。分析粒子所发射的谱线除了在光源中因各种因素发生变宽外,在经过仪器光学系统时亦会发生变宽。在检测     

介质阻挡放电中亮暗点放电的谱线线形及振动温度

在氩气/空气的混合气体介质阻挡放电中,首次在高温条件下观察到亮点和暗点共存的放电,比较了中心亮点及四周暗点放电的谱线频移,并测量了它们的振动温度。实验采用氩原子ArⅠ(2P2→1S5)的发射谱线测量谱线频移,采用氮分子第二正带系(C3Πu→B3Πg)的发射谱线测量振动温度。结果表明:中心亮点放电中的ArⅠ(2P2→1S5)谱线的频移大于四周的暗点放电谱线的频移,表明前者电子密度较高;四周的暗点的放电振动温度高于中心亮点放电的振动温度。     

介质阻挡放电中点线放电的谱线线型及振动温度

在氩气/空气的混合气体近大气压介质阻挡放电中,首次观察到点状与线状放电共存的放电现象, 测量比较了点状与线状放电的谱线频移和振动温度。谱线频移的测量利用的是氩原子ArⅠ(2P₂→1S₅)的发射谱线,振动温度的测量利用的是氮分子第二正带系(C3Π_u→B3Π_g) 的发射谱线。结果表明：点放电中的ArⅠ(2P₂→1S₅)谱线的频移大于线放电谱线的频移,表明前者电子密度较高;而点放电振动温度低于线放电的振动温度。     

一种基于交叉相关的类星体的红移测量方法

给出了一种新的类星体光谱的红移测量方法。首先,利用提取出的发射谱线信息确定一组红移候选;然后,按这些红移候选将静止模板光谱红移,计算所得光谱与目标光谱的相关值;最后,确定最大相关值对应的红移候选为目标光谱的红移。相对于已有的基于谱线匹配的方法,此方法的性能受谱线提取效果的影响较小。实验结果表明： 此方法的鲁棒性较好,性能优于基于谱线匹配的方法。     

外加静电场下激光诱导等离子体特性的实验研究

在外加静电场下，准分子激光诱导等离子体中Ｍｇ原子５５２．８４、５１６．７３、４７０．３０ｎｍ三条发射谱线展宽的时间分辨特性的实验研究，实验测定结果表明，外加静电场导致了原子发射谱线展宽超过Ｓｔａｒｋ展宽，这种额外展宽的大小在０．１ｎｍ左右，其中４７０．３ｎｍ谱线的加宽和线移最大，采用量子理论计算表明这种额外展宽是由于在外电场中作用下作定向运动的电子与激发态原子碰撞所致。     

基于Stark展宽的TIG焊接电弧三维电子密度测量研究

焊接电弧三维电子密度的测量对于焊接质量控制具有重要意义,通过光谱仪采集电弧弦方向特征谱线轮廓,利用多项式拟合对径向采集数据进行降噪及平滑处理,通过Abel逆变换法重新构建径向光谱发射系数谱线轮廓,采用傅里叶变换从重建光谱轮廓中分离出Lorentz线形,获得Stark展宽,最终计算了TIG焊电弧等离子体电子密度的三维空间分布。     

黑夜天空中的铁元素

在没有月亮与星辰的夜晚,天空也不完全是黑的,这是因为在高空大气层内进行的化学反应能发射出微弱的光线,这种现象在天文学上称为气辉.对气辉谱线的研究已持续有100多年.大多数的辐射均来自于氧分子、氢氧基团、钠原子等,而在高纬度区域还有二氧化氮分子的作用.除去上述原子分子的谱线后,在低纬度区气辉的谱线内还有一个未被注意到的宽谱     

CdS/HgS/CdS球状纳米系统高能级斯塔克线度效应

研究了在层间作用和电场作用下球状纳米系统的电子能量和波函数.以CdS/HgS/CdS球状纳米系统为例,讨论了层间作用、电场和样品线度对高能级斯塔克效应以及谱线频率和强度的影响.结果表明：CdS/HgS/CdS球状纳米系统在外电场作用下发生斯塔克效应的能级分裂规律与氢原子类似,但能级位移量不同.谱线频移与电场强度的平方成正比,多数谱线的频移随线度增大而减小,少数谱线的频移则相反;而层间作用引起谱线的频移随线度增大而减小.除少数谱线外,多数谱线的相对强度随线度增大而减小,层间作用不会改变相对强度随线度的变化趋 关键词： CdS/HgS/CdS球状纳米系统 斯塔克效应 谱线频率 谱线强度     

狭缝微等离子体的光谱线形研究

在狭缝微等离子体中,研究了Ar Ⅰ(2P2→1S5)光谱线的展宽和频移随放电参数的变化.为了测量谱线频移,采用低气压(10 Pa左右)氩气放电发射的Ar Ⅰ光谱线作为参考线.实验在氩气含量为99.92%的氩气/空气放电中,测量了气压从1×104Pa增大到6×104 Pa时Ar Ⅰ谱线的频移和展宽.结果表明随着气压的升高...     

Displacement-noise-free gravitational-wave detection

We present a new idea that allows us to detect gravitational waves without being disturbed by any kind of displacement noise, based on the fact that gravitational waves and test-mass motions affect the propagations of light differently. We demonstrate this idea by analyzing a simple toy model consisting of three equally-separated objects on a line. By taking a certain combination of light travel times between these objects, we construct an observable free from the displacement of each object, which has a reasonable sensitivity to gravitational waves.     

Limiting angular velocity of realistic relativistic neutron star models

The Keplerian velocity as well as those frequencies at which instability against gravitational radiation-reaction sets in are calculated for rotating neutron star models of gravitational mass 1.5M . The investigation is based on four different, realistic neutron star matter equations of state. Our results indicate that the gravitational radiation instability sets in wellbelow (i.e., 63–71% of) the Keplerian frequency, and thatyoung neutron stars are limited to rotational periods greater than about 1 ms. In young and therefore hot (T10¹⁰ K) neutron stars them=5(±1) modes and in old stars after being spun up and reheated by mass accretion, them=4 and/orm=3 modes may set the limit on stable rotation.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. H.J. Mang on the occasion of his 60th birthday.     

Dark halo or bigravity?

Observations show that about the of the Universe iscomposed by invisible (dark) matter (DM), for which manycandidates have been proposed. In particular, the anomalousbehavior of rotational curves of galaxies (i.e. theflattening at large distance instead of the Keplerian fall)requires thatthis matter is distributed in an extended halo around the galaxy. In order to reproduce this matter density profiles in Newtonian gravity and in cold dark matter (CDM) paradigm (in which theDM particles are collisionless), many ad-hoc approximations are required.The flattening of rotational curves can be explained by asuitable modification of gravitational force in bigravity theories, together with mirror matter model that predicts the existenceof a dark sector in which DM has the same physical properties of visible matter.As an additional result, the Newton constant is different at distances much less and much greater than 20 kpc.     

Description of Electromagnetic Radiation Propagating in a Four-Dimensional Space-Time with a Fluctuating Metric Tensor

The effect of spectral broadening of electromagnetic radiation propagating in a four-dimensional space-time with fluctuations in the space curvature caused by relict gravitational radiation is predicted. It is demonstrated that distortion of spectral line profiles of electromagnetic radiation caused by the fluctuating metric is at the level of resolution of the available spectral instrumentation.     

Gravitational radiation from n-body systems

An expression for the quadrupole moment of any two-body system with structure is derived from a “paralel axes” theorem. Within the weak-field limit of the theory of general relativity, expressions for the gravitational radiation flux of energy and angular momentum from two particles or two spherically symmetric bodies in arbitrary plane motion arising from any type of forces are consequently obtained in terms of time derivatives of the relative coordinates of the system. An estimate of the gravitational flux from any plane motion follows. In particular, the flux from systems with Keplerian and straight-line motion are deduced as special cases. For the general problem of a two-body system with intrinsic quadrupole moment (due to deviation from spherical symmetry), it is found that in addition to the flux from the orbital and the spin motion there is another source of flux—the interaction flux. This is shown explicitly in two special cases—the system of a particle moving in the plane of symmetry of a Jacobi ellipsoid, and that of two spinning rigid rods in plane circular motion with parallel spin and orbital angular momentum. The interaction flux is regarded as the result of interaction of the bodies with gravitational waves. An outline of the method for the calculation of gravitational radiation flux from an n-body system is given. For a three-body system—an astrophysically interesting situation—this is worked out in detail. It is seen that the presence of an unsuspected third body can, by virtue of the interaction power term, increase the generation of gravitational waves significantly.     

Deflection in higher-order gravitational lensing

The deflection of light rays by rotating gravitational lens is considered in the framework of higher-order gravitational theory. The bending angle of light is derived. The effect of the massive scalar and tensor components of higher-order gravitational field as well as the gravito-magnetic on light deflection are discussed.     

A scalar field theory of gravitation

A scalar theory of gravitation is developed from a variational principle. The speed of light is taken to be a function of the potential of the gravitational field. The predictions of the light deflection and the advancement of the perihelion agree with those made by Einstein's theory. The gravitational (active) mass differs from the inertial (passive) mass and both are dependent on the gravitational potential.     

The need is compelling to perform an experiment capable of determining the velocity of gravitational interaction

In earlier papers some proposals were made concerning experiments that could lead to the determination of the velocity of the gravitational interaction. This paper points out that this determination can only be achieved by measuring the delayed gravitational field and not by measuring the propagation velocity of gravitational radiation, which remains a controversial problem, both theoretically and experimentally. The possibility is shown of the existence of a gravitational effect not unlike the Poynting-Robertson light effect and the importance is discussed of its determination for space and astronomical research. Some of the proposed mechanisms for explaining the gravitational interaction are reviewed and their nonviability is objectively pointed out. Finally, conclusions are drawn as to the necessity of carrying out experiments to determine the velocity of the gravitational interaction.     

The thermal noise in multilayer coating

We consider thermal fluctuations in multilayer interferometric coating taking into account light propagation inside the coating. In particular, we calculate the reflected wave phase as a function of small displacements of the boundaries between the layers using transmission line model for interferometric coating and derive formula for spectral density of reflected phase in accordance with Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem. We apply the developed approach for calculation of the spectral density of coating Brownian noise which makes main contribution into noise budget of second generation gravitational wave detectors.     

Influence of Dark Energy on Gravitational Time Delay

We investigate the gravitational time delay of light in the Schwarzschild black hole space-time surrounded by quintessence. With the analysis and numerical methods, we find that the gravitational time delay of light in the Schwarzschild black hole space-time surrounded by quintessence increases when the normalization factor c increases, and that the gravitational time delay also decreases when the quintessential state parameter ω_q increases.