强电场电离放电产生羟基等离子体反应过程的研究

从强电场等离子体反应室结构、电介质材料及加工工艺等方面出发．研究了在建立强电场并把O2、H2O电离后在分子层次上加工成OH^ 、eaq^-(水合电子)等自由基的等离子体反应过程。用这种方法产生的自由基的浓度、产成量均能满足工程上的需要．达到绿色化学12条原则要求,从源头上解决了环境污染问题。着重研究了羟基治理烟气SO2的绿色资源化的新方法．在无吸收剂、催化剂条件下,仅在0．8s内就能把烟气中SO2、H2O和O2电离后在分子层次上加工成H2SO4。     

Complex nanostructured materials from segmented copolymers prepared by ATRP

The development of new controlled/living radical polymerization processes, such as Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) and other techniques such as nitroxide mediated polymerization and degenerative transfer processes, including RAFT, opened the way to the use of radical polymerization for the synthesis of well-defined, complex functional nanostructures. The development of such nanostructures is primarily dependent on self-assembly of well-defined segmented copolymers. This article describes the fundamentals of ATRP, relevant to the synthesis of such systems. The self-assembly of block copolymers prepared by ATRP is illustrated by three examples. In the first, block copolymers of poly(butyl acrylate) with polyacrylonitrile phase separate, leading to spherical, cylindrical or lamellar morphologies, depending on the block copolymer composition. At a higher temperature, polyacrylonitrile block converts to nanostructured carbon clusters, whereas poly(butyl acrylate) block serves as a sacrificial block, aiding the development of designed nanostructures. In the second example, conductive nanoribbons of poly(n-hexylthiophene) surrounded by a matrix of organic polymers are formed from block copolymers prepared by ATRP. The third example describes an inorganic-organic hybrid system consisting of hard nanocolloidal silica particles (20 nm) grafted by ATRP with well-defined polystyrene-poly(benzyl acrylate) block copolymer chains (1000 chains per particle). Silica cores in this system are surrounded by a rigid polystyrene inner shell and softer polyacrylate outer shell. Received 9 July 2002 Published online: 11 March 2003     

一种异构多机器人系统交互协议

随着机器人在各领域的广泛应用和任务种类多样化,单机器人执行任务受到任务规模和复杂程度的限制,使用多个机器人协作完成任务是解决复杂问题的有效方法之一。在复杂机器人控制系统中,不同的任务往往需要不同的机器人去执行,这些机器人一般具有不同的结构和功能,而且工业化的机器人各自遵循私有协议。在操作一个复杂多机器人系统中,控制系统中的通信协议因不同的机器人而异,从而增加了控制过程中的协作难度。设计和制定一个方便的交互协议,便于协作信息在系统中通信,共同完成给定的任务。本文针对不同的机器人私有控制协议,在一致化交互接口的基础上,设计并实现了不同工业机器人之间的交互。通过工程实践,验证了这种一致性交互协议对于异构机器人系统的有效交互,对完成复杂问题作业具有借鉴作用。     

基于贵金属纳米簇的电化学发光传感器在生命分析中的应用

为了更好地研究贵金属纳米簇的合成机理、扩展贵金属纳米簇-电化学传感器的应用,阐述和比较了贵金属纳米簇的制备方法、电化学发光原理及特点,重点介绍了贵金属纳米簇-电化学传感器在生命分析领域的应用进展及本课题组相关研究,并展望了其发展和应用前景,以期为贵金属纳米簇电化学传感器在生命分析中的研究提供一定的参考。     

Effect of preparation on Hg−Ba−Ca−Cu−O superconductors

Some main features of the non-linear synthesis process are described by theoretical considerations. Results of typical preparation methods are compared to each other and to those obtained by the experiments designed specially for the study of the effect of synthesis on the superconducting properties of Hg−Ba−Ca−Cu−O compounds. As is shown, the controlled Hg-vapour pressure method, the sealed tube with phase formation procedure, the high-pressure synthesis and the freeze-drying method seem to be unambiguously reliable to provide high-quality samples. Significant deviations from these fundamental synthesis routes can lead to significant deviations of superconducting parameters.     

二维电磁等离子体粒子云网格法并行程序的可扩展性分析

大规模并行处理的发展要求并行应用程序具有良好的可扩展性.以二维电磁等离子体粒子云并行程序为例,描述了近优可扩展性分析的应用.在已知小规模系统性能的基础上,通过近优可扩展性分析,可以得到更大规模的系统在多少台处理机上运行更为"合理"的信息.     

Influence of substrate temperature on the chemical and microstructural properties of MO-CVD ZrTiO<Subscript>4</Subscript> thin films

In the last few years, intensive research activity has been focused on the development of suitable synthesis methods for high-permittivity materials, used for the realization of next-generation microdevices able to fulfil the previsions of the Technology Roadmap of Semiconductors. The use of high-permittivity materials can overcome the difficulties concerning the production of SiO₂-based ultra-thin dielectrics, such as the generation of pinholes and the non-uniformity of the film, which may result in a malfunction in high-density systems. Recently, zirconium titanate thin films were discovered to have very interesting dielectric properties, which suggests a use for them in microwave integrated systems, such as receivers or DRAMs, since they are monophasic, have little dissipation and show a good thermal stability and a high value for the dielectric constant, independent of frequency in the range from kilohertz to a few gigahertz. Real application is possible only in strict connection with the development of a suitable preparation method which allows production with controlled and reproducible characteristics. In this work, the synthesis and characterization of Zr_xTi_1-xO₄ (ZT) thin films grown via MO-CVD is described, studying the influence of growth parameters on their structural, chemical and physical properties. Received: 17 June 2002 / Accepted: 24 June 2002 / Published online: 4 November 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +39-06/9067-2445, E-mail: Pad@mlib.cnr.it     

Magneto-structural defects on a congested nanoscopic polyradical dendrimer

The new polychlorotriphenylmethyl tetraradical 1 has been obtained and its magnetic properties studied. The large overcrowding present in this dendritic radical has been shown not only to affect its synthesis but its magnetic properties. Even though steric hindrance is an extremely efficient tool to increase the persistence of high-spin species, it may lead to undesired steric congestions that disfavor the desired ferromagnetic coupling between meta connected radical units.     

Relevance of sonochemistry or ultrasound (US) as a proficient means for the synthesis of fused heterocycles

Medicinal chemistry has been benefited by combinatorial chemistry and high throughput parallel synthesis. The use of sonochemistry under controlled conditions has been proved beneficial for medicinal chemistry and drug discovery process since it dramatically reduces reaction times, from days or hours to minutes. In addition, sonochemistry synthesis provides higher yields, lower cost, easy workups and greater purity as compared to lower yields, tedious workups, longer reaction times, lesser purity and termination of many by-products in the conventional thermal methods.     

A PARALLEL COUPLED-LINE FILTER USING VLSI BACKEND INTERCONNECT WITH HIGH RESISTIVITY SUBSTRATE

This paper reports our progress in developing parallel coupled-line filters based on Si-based VLSI backend interconnects for millimeter-wave applications. The resonant frequency of this coupled-line filter increases with increasing spacing-gap and with increasing IDM thickness. By using high resistivity substrate, the parallel coupled-line band-pass filter is extremely effective in reducing substrate loss, and also provides very low insertion loss, even at the millimeter-wave regime. In addition, the parallel coupled-line filter suitable for advanced system-on-a-chips at the millimeter wave application achieves high performance characteristics, which show low insertion loss, wide band, and compatibility with standard VLSI process.     

掺钛蓝宝石与超短脉冲

 详细阐述掺钛蓝宝石晶体的物理化学与光谱特性，着重介绍了以掺钛蓝宝石晶体为激光介质的各种激光器件及关键技术。对国内外超短脉冲激光的产生与放大技术的发展历史、研究动态和应用前景也作了简单评述。     

Laser etching of glass substrates by 1064 nm laser irradiation

TiB₂-based cermets are prepared by combustion synthesis followed by a pressing stage in a granulate medium. Products obtained by combustion synthesis are characterized by a large remaining porosity (typically 50%). To produce dense cermets, a subsequent densification step is performed after the combustion process and when the reacted material is still hot. To design the process, numerical simulations are carried out and compared to experimental results. In addition, physical and electrical properties of the products related to electrical contact applications are evaluated. PACS 81.20.Ka; 81.05.Mh; 72.80.Tm     

Flowrate behavior and clustering of self-driven robots in a channel

In this paper, the collective motion of self-driven robots is studied experimentally and theoretically. In the channel,the flowrate of robots increases with the density linearly, even if the density of the robots tends to 1.0. There is no abrupt drop in the flowrate, similar to the collective motion of ants. We find that the robots will adjust their velocities by a serial of tiny collisions. The speed-adjustment will affect both robots involved in the collision, and will help to maintain a nearly uniform velocity for the robots. As a result, the flowrate drop will disappear. In the motion, the robots neither gather together nor scatter completely. Instead, they form some clusters to move together. These clusters are not stable during the moving process, but their sizes follow a power-law-alike distribution. We propose a theoretical model to simulate this collective motion process, which can reproduce these behaviors well. Analytic results about the flowrate behavior are also consistent with experiments.     

Towards processing of carbon nanotubes for technical applications

Production methods for carbon nanotubes are now well established and allow their synthesis on a scale of grams per day. For many potential applications of this unique material, its purification still remains a crucial problem. In this article various purification methods for single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes are reviewed. These methods are compared in terms of their capacity, efficiency, and effects on the tubes. In addition, the use of Raman spectroscopy for monitoring the chromatographic purification of single-wall nanotubes is described. Received: 17 May 1999 / Accepted: 18 May 1999 / Published online: 29 July 1999     

全光谱LED技术研究进展

全光谱LED具有光谱和太阳光可见光光谱相似度高、色彩饱和度和保真度高、显色指数接近100且无蓝光危害等优点,被认为是未来半导体照明技术的一个主流方向。本文从全光谱LED的概念和特性着手,简述了全光谱LED方案相较于传统方案的优越性;阐述了目前主流的全光谱LED方案及存在的问题;最后,分别从新型荧光粉的开发和多基色全光谱的合成两个方面介绍了研究者们关于完善光谱和简化流程所做的工作,并对未来全光谱LED的应用做出了设想。     

Surface-grafted block copolymer gradients: Effect of block length on solvent response

We outline a method to fabricate gradient combinatorial libraries that explore architectural parameters of surface-grafted block copolymers (BCs). In addition, we demonstrate the utility of such libraries for the rapid, thorough assessment of the response of grafted BCs to solvent exposure. Our fabrication route uses surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization to produce a tethered polymer block with uniform length (in this case, poly(n-butyl methacrylate), PBMA), followed by a graded synthesis that adds a second block that varies in its length over the library (here, poly(2-(N,N′-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate), PDMAEMA). Our demonstration study maps the response of PBMA and PDMAEMA blocks to hexane and water, and defines regimes of behavior to this respect. Moreover, our study illuminates a narrow BC composition window that exhibits the strongest possible response to water and hexane treatment.     

Approaches to improving critical current density of YBCO superconducting thick films deposited by electrophoresis

The irreversibility field (Hirr) of Y-based superconductor is much higher than that of Bi-based superconductor. Y-based superconductor is capable of maintaining stable electrical currents in high magnetic field and electric field, so it is a better suited mate-rial for electric-current applications. Commonly, the Y-based tapes comprise a YBCO thick film deposited on a flexible substrate, typically with an intermediate buffer layer, and an overcoat of noble metal. In this process, the interm…     

Parallelogram space

Two pairs of parallel geodesic intervals can be generated from two such intervals with a common endpoint by suitable application of parallel transfer. When the connection coefficients are symmetric, a parallelogram-like figure with a closed perimeter can be constructed with the two pairs of sides. When the connection coefficients are asymmetric, combining the two pairs of parallel intervals yields a figure with a coordinate gap. To avoid an open perimeter, a fiber that contains many coordinate-like labels is constructed for each point. Then the gap can occur in the fiber of a single point. Thus a closed figure is obtained even when the connection is asymmetric. A process to obtain the coordinate-like quantities in the fiber of one point with respect to a nearby point is described. A discussion of transformations of the coordinate-like quantities follows and the fundamental curvature-like quantity is obtained.     

Nickel nanofibers and nanowires: Elaboration by reduction in polyol medium assisted by external magnetic field

Nickel nanowires, with diameter 250 nm and a length of several microns, were prepared by the polyol process (chemical reduction) while an external magnetic field of 1.4 T has been applied during preparation. This combination has allowed the elaboration of Ni nanowires with a yield of over 90%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that these nanowires crystallize with the face-centered-cubic structure. Magnetic static measurements showed the effect on the nanoparticles’ morphology of the external magnetic field applied during the synthesis. They also allowed studying the effect of the external magnetic field on the magnetic properties of nanowires as a function of their orientation. When nanowires are aligned parallel with magnetic field, the hysteresis loop obtained is very open with a coercivity field (Hc) value of 385 Oe and a high remanence to saturation ratio Mr/Ms of 0.85.     

Parallel solution synthesis of pyridinethiones,pyridinones and thienopyridines

The parallel solution synthesis of three classes ofheterocycles is described. Arrays of pyridinethiones,pyridinones and thienopyridines were prepared usingone-step chemistry starting from readily accessiblebuilding blocks. The latter class of compounds wasaccessed by utilising a library-from-library approach.