一种用D I S系统测量重力加速度的方法

本文阐述了重力加速度值的理论计算, 以及介绍了一种主要选取D I S系统中力传感器和光电门传感器 来测量重力加速度的新方法. 并且用这种新方法进行了实验测量, 得出的重力加速度值比较准确, 所以此新方法在 物理实验教学中是可取的     

利用声音传感器测量重力加速度

对平抛法测重力加速度进行了改进,选取朗威Dislab数字实验系统中的声音传感器测量小球下落时间,再计算重力加速度,此方法操作方便,易于在中学物理实验教学中实施.     

测量不确定度分析在大学物理实验中的应用--单摆测重力加速度

重力加速度是物理学中一个重要的力学常量,其测定方法有很多,在大学物理实验中常用到的测量方法是单摆法.但实验原理仅研究了单摆摆球的运动,忽略了摆球大小、浮力、摆线质量等因素的影响,因此测量结果不够精确.通过对引起单摆法测定重力加速度的相关系统误差进行修正,得到相对精确的重力加速度公式和相应的合成标准不确定度公式.最后对测得的数据进行合理地分析和计算,最终得出较为精确的实验结果.     

地球半径计算引起的思考与讨论

根据公认的相关数据对地球半径进行计算得出的结果与地球半径的公认值存在很大的差别. 为此, 结 合对地球赤道和极地重力加速度的计算值进行分析与讨论     

重力加速度的正确测量和计算

本文介绍了用粘滞阻力修正法和粘滞阴力互相抵消法来精确地测量重力加速度。     

利用 Tracker 软件分析单摆测定重力加速度

Tracker 软件是一种广泛使用的视频分析软件,通过分析物理实验视频,追踪研究对象的运动轨迹,以 简洁、高效的数据分析手段揭示物理现象背后所隐藏的物理规律. 利用 Tracker 软件分析了单摆测定重力加速度的 实验视频,通过自动追踪摆球运动的轨迹,精确测得了单摆运动的周期和重力加速度     

用双线摆测重力加速度

在应用单摆测量重力加速度时, 造成误差的主要因素有实验仪器引起的系统误差和实际测量引起的随 机误差. 文中针对单摆做圆锥摆引起的系统误差, 采用了双线摆代替单摆的方法来改进实验装置, 巧用万能板来固 定双线摆, 并使其与D I S L a b通用软件相结合, 能更精确地测量出重力加速度     

编写SPnenu安卓软件分析单摆视频计算重力加速度

为了增强"单摆测量重力加速度"实验的效果,编写了运动视频分析安卓应用程序-SPnenu,分析单摆视频,计算重力加速度。首先,介绍了安卓软件的组成模块;然后,使用该应用程序分析单摆运动视频中周期、摆长和视频当地重力加速度;最后,与计算机平台下的视频分析软件Tracker进行对比实验,并对误差进行了讨论分析。实验表明,将基于安卓智能手机的运动视频分析软件引入物理实验教学,有助于打破实验的时间和空间限制,减小了"周期测量"带来的误差,能实现对单摆小球运动轨迹的精确追踪记录和数据分析。     

考虑空气阻力、浮力用落球法精确测定重力加速度的研究

在落球法测定重力加速度的实验中,作者研究了空气阻力、浮力对实验结果的影响,推导出了计算重力加速度的两个简单公式,用实验数据计算出的g值更接近于标准值.     

用落体法测重力加速度的实验方案选择

重力加速度是物理学中一个重要的参量.地球上各地区的重力加速度的数值随地理纬度、海拔高度和地质结构的不同而不同.重力加速度的测量不仅在物理中具有重要意义,而且对于研究地层结构和探查地下资源都有实用价值,因此,细致地测量和准确地计算重力加速度是十分必要的.测量重力加速度的方法多种多样,本文利用自由落体原理,借助光电门测重力加速度.为减小误差对具体实验操作及数据处理方法的选择进行深入探讨.     

Optimized temperature measurement with time-of-flight method

Driven by resonance probe light background Rubidium gas can emit fluorescence, which interacts with the falling atomic cloud in the temperature measurement with the time-of-flight (TOF) method and influence the experimental results. The dependencies of the acceleration and the temperature of the atomic cloud on the detuning of the probe beams were studied. We propose that the deviation of the acceleration from the gravity acceleration can be taken as a criterion of the accuracy of the temperature measurement using TOF method. Moreover, using the principle of the radiation force on the cold atomic cloud, one may measure the considerably weak intensity of the fluorescence.     

Brane-Cosmology Dynamics with Induced Gravity

The Friedmann equations for a brane with induced gravity are analyzed and compared with the standard general relativity and Randall-Sundrum cases. Randall-Sundrum gravity modifies the early universe dynamics, whereas induced gravity changes the late universe evolution. The early and late time limits are investigated. Induced gravity effects can contribute to late-universe acceleration. The conditions for this are found. Qualitative analysis is given for a range of scalar field potentials.     

Properties of an Accelerating Gauss-Bonnet Vacuum in Five Dimensions

The causal structure of a five-dimensional C-metric like vacuum solution of Gauss-Bonnet gravity is analyzed in detail, the Gauss-Bonnet parameter make it more complex than that of a C-metric like solution of Einstein gravity. The acceleration of the observer fixed at a spatial position is calculated, the effect of the Gauss-Bonnet parameter comes in, but the acceleration of the origin is not affected by the parameter. The geodesics of the test particles in the spacetime are investigated, it is found that objects accelerate to go to the horizon in the accelerating spacetime.     

The Clock Paradox in a Static Homogeneous Gravitational Field1

The gedanken experiment of the clock paradox is solved exactly using the general relativistic equations for a static homogeneous gravitational field. We demonstrate that the general and special relativistic clock paradox solutions are identical and in particular that they are identical for finite acceleration. Practical expressions are obtained for proper time and coordinate time by using the destination distance as the key observable parameter. This solution provides a formal demonstration of the identity between the special and general relativistic clock paradox with finite acceleration and where proper time is assumed to be the same in both formalisms. By solving the equations of motion for a freely falling clock in a static homogeneous field elapsed times are calculated for realistic journeys to the stars. ¹ Both authors contributed equally to this paper.     

Application of probing dusty particles to investigation of a stratified discharge with dusty plasma structures in a magnetic field

Experimental investigation of a stratified discharge in a magnetic field with the help of probe dusty particles falling through the discharge under the gravity force is described. The radial and azimuthal accelerations of probe particles in the stratum volume are measured. It is found that the particles move in the stratum without accelerations except in two regions. In the first region, the acceleration has two components directed toward the tube axis and upward, whereas, in the second region, they are directed toward the tube wall and downward.     

基于阿基米德定律测量重力加速度

基于阿基米德定律设计一种测量重力加速度的实验装置,对重力加速度进行测量.通过本实验得到的重力加速与当地重力加速度标准值的相对误差为0.14%,这为实验测量室重力加速度提供一种新方法。     

Embedding Spacetime via a Geodesically Equivalent Metric of Euclidean Signature

Starting from the equations of motion in a 1 + 1 static, diagonal, Lorentzian spacetime, such as the Schwarzschild radial line element, I find another metric, but with Euclidean signature, which produces the same geodesics x(t). This geodesically equivalent, or dual, metric can be embedded in ordinary Euclidean space. On the embedded surface freely falling particles move on the shortest path. Thus one can visualize how acceleration in a gravitational field is explained by particles moving freely in a curved spacetime. Freedom in the dual metric allows us to display, with substantial curvature, even the weak gravity of our earth. This may provide a nice pedagogical tool for elementary lectures on general relativity. I also study extensions of the dual metric scheme to higher dimensions.     

绝对重力仪的技术发展:光学干涉和原子干涉

绝对重力仪是直接开展绝对重力测量的精密计量仪器。绝对重力测量是指对地球表面重力加速度值的直接测量,其在地球科学和计量科学等领域都有十分重要的应用。历史上最早的绝对重力测量约在1590年。1590~1960年,主要利用摆仪的摆长和自由摆周期来开展绝对重力测量。自1960年起,随着激光技术的发明,高精度绝对重力测量有了新的发展,人们开始利用宏观物体自由运动(自由下落或上抛)的方法开展绝对重力测量,形成了激光干涉绝对重力仪。1991年,美国斯坦福大学朱棣文教授小组首次利用冷原子团的自由运动进行绝对重力测量,实现了第一台原子干涉绝对重力仪。中国计量科学研究院是我国最早开展绝对重力仪研制的单位,本文结合中国计量科学研究院绝对重力仪研制经验,综述了激光干涉绝对重力仪和原子干涉绝对重力仪的技术发展,尤其是激光技术的发明对绝对重力仪的技术发展带来的革命性技术变革。     

Modified gravity in contemporary universe

Astronomical data in favor of cosmological acceleration and possible explanations of accelerated expansion of the universe are discussed. Main attention is paid to gravity modifications at small curvature which could induce accelerated cosmological expansion. It is shown that gravitating systems with mass density rising with time evolve to a singular state with infinite curvature scalar. The universe evolution during the radiation-dominated epoch is studied in the R ²-extended gravity theory. Particle production rate by the oscillating curvature and the back reaction of particle production on the evolution of R are calculated in one-loop approximation. Possible implications of the model for cosmological creation of non-thermal dark matter are discussed.