Adjustable dispersion compensating in one dimensional coupled resonator planar optical waveguides

In this paper, the optical properties in finite size one dimensional coupled resonator optical waveguide are investigated. The large dependence of the group velocity, dispersion parameter and its higher order slope such as transmission group delay, third order dispersion and intrinsic waveguide induced loss have been studied. By engineering the optical contrast ratio of the medium by using some accessible and compatible materials, according to the equivalent layers theory, the above mentioned parameters can either be adjusted or enhanced dramatically, according to the configuration of the optical networks and users’ requirements. Also, by setting proper choice of the optical contrast ratio, super flattening of the transmittance group delay, third order dispersion spectrum and reduced intrinsic waveguide induced loss can be realized. Our results show the potential applications of the device for preventing the satellite pulse creating and transmitting pulse information distortion in multichannel lightwave systems.     

Large photonic band gaps and strong attenuations of two-segment-connected Peano derivative networks

In this Letter, based on ancient Peano curves we construct four kinds of interesting Peano derivative networks composed of one-dimensional (1D) waveguides and investigate the optical transmission spectra and photonic attenuation behavior of electromagnetic (EM) waves in one- and two-segment-connected networks. It is found that for some two-segment-connected networks large photonic band gaps (PBGs) can be created and the widths of large PBGs can be controlled by adjusting the matching ratio of waveguide length and are insensitive to generation number. Diamond- and hexagon-Peano networks are good selectable structures for the designing of optical devices with large PBG(s) and strong attenuation(s).     

Huge photonic band gaps with strong attenuations resulted from quasi-one-dimensional waveguide networks composed of triangular fundamental loops

In order to design systems generating large photonic band gaps (PBGs), in this paper we construct interesting quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) periodic triangular, diamond, and tetrahedral networks composed of 1D waveguides and triangular fundamental loops. The optical frequency band structures and photonic attenuation behaviors of electromagnetic (EM) waves propagating in the three kinds of one- and two-segment-connected (1SC and 2SC) networks without dissipation are, respectively, investigated and we find that huge PBGs can be produced in the middle of a frequency period and the widths of the largest PBGs can be controlled by adjusting the matching ratio of waveguide length. When the ratio equals 2:1, the width of the hugest PBG resulted in tetrahedral network reaches 0.73 times of a frequency period and is about 1.16 times of the best result reported previously. The average attenuations of the largest PBGs are very strong and increase rapidly with the increment of the number of unit cell. This makes our designed networks with very few unit cells exhibit wonderful PBG features and they can be realized in experiments easily. It may be useful for the designing of optical devices with large PBG and strong attenuation.     

Properties of a 1 × 4 optical power splitter made of photonic crystal waveguides

Optical power splitters made of photonic crystal waveguides are believed to become essential components for compact photonic integrated circuits used in fiber optic networks. We design a 1 × 4 optical power splitter made of linear-defect waveguides in photonic crystals, and analyze its properties using the finite-difference time-domain method. Our simulation results show that the transmission properties vary with wave frequency and branch geometry, and that an incident wave is divided equally into four output ports. To reduce the reflections at the three branching regions in the 1 × 4 splitter, we place the defects of extra rods in the branching region, and achieve high transmission in each output waveguide.     

Photonic band structures of quadrangular multiconnected networks

By means of the network equation and generalized dimensionless Floquet-Bloch theorem,this paper investigates the properties of the band number and width for quadrangular multiconnected networks (QMNs) with a different number of connected waveguide segments (NCWSs) and various matching ratio of waveguide length (MRWL).It is found that all photonic bands are wide bands when the MRWL is integer.If the integer attribute of MRWL is broken,narrow bands will be created from the wide band near the centre of band structure.For two-segment-connected networks and three-segment-connected networks,it obtains a series of formulae of the band number and width.On the other hand,it proposes a so-called concept of two-segment-connected quantum subsystem and uses it to discuss the complexity of the band structures of QMNs.Based on these formulae,one can dominate the number,width and position of photonic bands within designed frequencies by adjusting the NCWS and MRWL.There would be potential applications for designing optical switches,optical narrow-band filters,dense wavelength-division-multiplexing devices and other correlative waveguide network devices.     

Waveguide modes in coupled-resonator optical waveguides

Coupling between cavities within coupled-resonator optical waveguides (CROWs) affects transmission properties. Our results show that, in addition to the number of the waveguide modes, the group velocity of electromagnetic waves transmitted in the CROWs can be controlled by changing the stiffness of coupling between cavities. This is significant for the applications.     

一种紧凑的、可调的、基于缺陷共振的光开关

采用平面波展开法(PWM)和时域有限差分(FDTD)法,研究光在含点缺陷的光子晶体波导中的传输特性.计算结果表明,通过引入两共振腔(点缺陷),处于共振频率附近的光波将被完全反射回光子晶体波导.由于共振频率随点缺陷的折射率的变化而改变,这种现象可用来设计可调光开关. 关键词： 光子晶体波导 缺陷共振 光开关 透射率     

The Scattering Problem in PT‐Symmetric Periodic Structures of 1D Two‐Material Waveguide Networks

A PT‐symmetric periodic structure with two‐material waveguide networks is constructed. In this study, how changing the number of cells affects the transmission properties is investigated. The results show that the PT‐unbroken (broken) region of the system is only determined by the cell structure, regardless of the number of unit cells. This means that any system has the same exceptional points (EPs), regardless of the number of cells and as long as the cell structure is consistent. In addition, it is confirmed that the coherent perfect absorbers and lasers (CPA lasers) occur in our model. The transfer matrix method is used to derive a sufficient condition for achieving the CPA laser point. A simple, effective formula for predicting the CPA laser state in an N unit cell system is derived.     

1×4光子晶体波导分束器的特性

在完整的二维光子晶体中引入线缺陷,形成了光子晶体波导,光子晶体波导分束器是集成化光学电路的重要组成元件。我们设计了一种线缺陷1×4光子晶体分束器,并且用有限时域差分法研究了它的特性。研究表明,输出端的透射传输特性与入射光的波长和分支的几何形状有关,并且入射波分别相等地流入四个输出端口。为了减少1×4分束器在三个Y型分支区的反射,可以通过调节在分支区的可调介质柱的半径R,使每个输出端口具有很高的透射率。     

Optical Code Generating Device Using 1×N Asymmetric Hollow Waveguide Couplers

An optical code generating device for security access system application is presented. The code generating device constructed using asymmetric hollow optical waveguide coupler design provides a unique series of output light intensities which are successively used as an optical code. The design of the waveguide is made using two major components which are asymmetric Yjunction splitter and a linear taper. Waveguiding is done using a hollow waveguide structure. Construction of higher level 1×N hollow waveguide coupler is done utilizing a basic 1×2 asymmetric waveguide coupler design together with a cascaded design scheme. Nonsequential ray tracing of the asymmetric hollow optical waveguide couplers is performed to predict the optical transmission properties of the waveguide. A representation of the code combination that can be generated from the device is obtained using combinatory number theory.     

Radiation modulation via violation of total internal reflection with excitation of a waveguide mode

The transverse transmission coefficient of a multilayer structure with a planar waveguide is numerically simulated under the conditions of modulation of the refractive index or absorption coefficient of the waveguide. The optical properties of this structure are shown to be highly sensitive to variation in the refractive index or absorption (amplification) coefficient of its waveguide layer. The influence of optical and geometric characteristics of the structure on its optical properties is analyzed. Modulation of the transmission and reflection coefficients of the structure containing a waveguide with an amplifying medium is considered.     

加入增益介质的表面等离子体激元耦合共振波导传输特性理论研究

将增益介质加入金属环构成的表面等离子体激元耦合共振波导,利用传输矩阵及时域有限差分方法研究了不同增益系数下该耦合共振波导的透射谱线、色散关系以及群折射率.结果表明,增益介质共振频率附近的反常色散及正常色散变化能有效影响由共振波导几何结构决定的色散关系曲线,且具有相反的效果,分别使其变得平坦和陡峭,从而放大和缩小由共振波导几何结构决定的群折射率.另外,增益系数随外加抽运光改变的特点使得加入增益介质的耦合共振波导具有传输性能可灵活调节特性.文章的研究对促进耦合共振波导在高密度光学集成中的广泛应用具有积极意义. 关键词： 增益介质 耦合共振波导 表面等离子体激元 群折射率     

Improved broad bandwidth intersections in photonic crystals

We theoretically investigate the transmission properties of a cascade of cavities coupled to waveguide by the time domain coupled-mode theory. Based on the theoretical analysis, broad bandwidth optical waveguide intersections in photonic crystals are modeled and optimized. The transmission properties are simulated by finite-difference time-domain method and transmission coefficients higher than 98% for a wide frequency range between 0.360 (2πc/a) and 0.364 (2πc/a) are obtained.     

Tunable optical properties in engineered one-dimensional coupled resonator optical waveguides

In this paper, the optical properties in finite size tilted and engineered one dimensional coupled resonator optical waveguide have been investigated. The large dependence of the optical transmittance, dispersion parameter and its higher order slope such as transmittance group delay, third order dispersion and intrinsic waveguide induced loss on the oblique incidence and fraction factor, as the ratio of the optical thicknesses of two adjacent layers, have been studied. Our results showed that as a consequence of changing the fraction factor, at normal incidence, photonic band gap zone, flat portion of third order dispersion curve and maximum magnitude of the transmission group delay can be tuned in long range of wavelength (red shift) slightly. Despite of slight tuning the optical properties in one dimensional coupled resonator optical waveguide by changing the fraction factor, incidence angle has a significant large magnitude of tunability in the overall region of operational wavelength. This fact yields us by changing the incidence from 30 to 60, the operational wavelength can be tuned between two main optical communication windows, while by changing the fraction factor, dispersion and its higher order can be fine tuned in each of optical communication windows which are very useful in wavelength division multiplexing systems and planar lightwave circuits.     

高透射率慢光速的光子晶体耦合腔波导的研究

将二维三角晶格光子晶体波导和微腔结构结合,优化设计了一种二维三角晶格光子晶体共振耦合腔波导,运用时域有限差分法(FDTD)模拟共振耦合腔波导TE偏振光的透射谱,通过透射谱得到传输光的透射率和群速度。结果表明,合适参数的二维三角晶格共振耦合腔波导在波长1.551μm处的群速度为c/130、透射率为20.1%,在波长1.502μm处的群速度为c/50、透射率为29.2%。运用平面波展开法(PWE)计算的该波导的能带结构对慢光特性进行了分析。这种慢光特性的光子晶体波导将在光存储、光延迟及光子集成等方面有潜在的应用价值。     

亚波长金属波导的光传播和干涉特性研究

利用时域有限差分方法研究了亚波长金属波导TE波的传播特性和基于异常透射现象的干涉特性.对各种参量对驻波特性的影响及两列波导间的耦合特性进行了分析.研究发现,TE波在波导中传播时存在截止宽度,如果波导宽度小于截止宽度,TE波在波导中不能传播;如果波导宽度大于截止宽度,TE波的传播距离将随波导宽度变大而突然增加.当波导宽度达到或大于半波长时,TE波可以在波导中正常传播.金属波导的截止宽度与金属的吸收系数成正比.此外,由于光在亚波长金属波导透射时的异常透射现象,在亚波长金属波导中产生了TE波的干涉现象,能形成驻波.     

氟锆酸盐光纤玻璃中的析晶和分相现象

氟化物光纤玻璃中的夹杂物,分相颗粒和微晶颗粒等缺陷,造成光纤的散射损失,影响了实际制备工作.本文利用大视场光学显微镜,X射线衍射,透射电子显微镜和差热分析,研究了ZBLA氟化物玻璃中的分相和析晶现象,观察到了以成核生长机理进行的分相颗粒,析晶颗粒的成分是β-BaF_2·ZrF_4和α-BaF_2·2ZrF_4,通过DTA分析确定了这些相的析晶活化能.     

光子晶体可调谐滤波特性的理论研究

用特征矩阵法研究了带缺陷的一维光子晶体的透射性质，并提出了新的可调谐光滤波器的概念.一维光子晶体(L1H1)m带有Lc-H2(L2H2)n形式的缺陷时，在光子晶体中间出现了窄的透射峰，其他级次的干涉峰则随着覆盖层H2(L2H2)n周期数的增大而减弱并消失.当耦合层Lc厚度变化时，在光子晶体禁带边缘附近出现两个高透射率区域.高透射率区域透射峰的特性由光子晶体和覆盖层的性质决定.当光子晶体禁带宽度较小时，两个高透射率区域接近，形成具有约150nm调谐范围的区域，因此可制备以一维光子晶体为基础的新型可调谐光滤波器. 关键词： 光子晶体 可调谐光滤波器 特征矩阵     

Slow light in photonic crystals waveguide constructed with symmetrically perturbed structure

Symmetrically perturbed photonic crystal waveguide can be constructed by inserting perturbative dielectric rods into photonic crystal waveguide structure with whose rods’ radius distributed according to a certain proportion. Slow light properties in this new structure are studied by using the plane wave expansion method (PWM). In this paper, schemes of adjusting radius of perturbative dielectric rods and adjusting the dielectric constant of perturbative dielectric rods are proposed to optimize slow light properties. The result shows that the scheme for adjusting radius of perturbative rods can realize larger average slow light bandwidth and efficiently control the NDBP value of the waveguide, but it contributes little to obtain smaller group velocity. The scheme for adjusting dielectric constant of perturbative rods can realize smaller group velocity, but can only obtain smaller slow light bandwidth and cannot efficiently enlarge NDBP value of waveguide. Both optimization schemes proposed in this paper realize group velocity that is two magnitudes smaller than the vacuum speed of light meanwhile maintaining large NDBP and low GVD region. Our results provide important theoretical basis for the potential application offered by symmetrically perturbed photonic crystal in future optical networks.     

基于倏逝场耦合的石墨烯波导光传输相位特性仿真与实验研究

石墨烯材料应用到各种光波导器件中正成为新一代光子器件的重要发展方向之一,目前基于石墨烯的光纤和集成光子器件研究越来越受到国内外的重视. 本文建立了一种由微纳光纤耦合光倏逝场,并在石墨烯薄膜中传输的模型. 通过有限元分析法,研究了光在这种石墨烯波导中传输光场的强度分布和相位特性,并通过实验进行了验证. 结果表明,沿着微纳光纤-石墨烯光波导传播的倏逝场的强度分布和相位均受石墨烯材料作用,石墨烯材料能有效聚集和导行波导中传输的高阶模,在单位传输长度上具有更密集的等相位面. 本文提出了一种利用微纳光纤耦合光倏逝场研究石墨烯相位响应特性的新方法,对基于石墨烯波导的新型调制器、滤波器、激光器和传感器等光子器件的设计和应用具有一定的参考意义. 关键词： 石墨烯平面光波导 倏逝波 光场强度 相位