不同微场分布函数对Stark线型的影响

利用不同的微场分布函数研究了其对Stark加宽光谱线型的影响.根据Stark加宽理论,考虑到等离子体中的离子碰撞,Stark加宽本质上是一种非对称的光谱线型,其中微场分布函数对光谱线型起着非常关键的作用.研究结果表明,总体上Holtsmark分布和Nearest-Neighbor场分布下的Stark光谱线型差别不太大,但是Mayer模型对Stark加宽光谱线型影响较大.并且随着离子加宽参数的减小,三种不同的微场分布函数对Stark光谱线型的影响逐渐减小;随着电子加宽参数的减小,不同的微场分布函数对Stark光谱线型的影响也逐渐减小;同时发现,当离子加宽参数减小到一定程度时,不同微场分布函数对整个光谱线型的影响基本相似,这也正说明离子间碰撞剧烈时对光谱线型的影响很大.     

不同微场分布函数对Stark加宽和频移的影响

分别采用Holtsmark,Neutral Point,Nearest-Neighbor和Mayer模型微场分布函数对Stark线型进行了研究,进而得到相应微场函数下的Stark加宽和频移,研究了4种不同的微场分布函数对Stark加宽和频移的影响。研究结果表明,在电子加宽参数不变时,4种微场分布函数对Stark加宽和频移的影响随离子加宽参数的增加而增加;在离子加宽参数不变时,4种微场分布函数对Stark加宽和频移的影响随电子加宽参数的增加而增加;特别是,当离子加宽参数较大时,Mayer模型微场分布函数对Stark加宽和频移的影响异常明显。这说明,微场分布函数对谱线的加宽和频移的影响在离子与离子碰撞剧烈的等离子体环境中尤其显著, 在这样的等离子体环境中,进行等离子体诊断时,选择合适的微场分布函数非常重要。结果对等离子体诊断有一定参考价值。     

仪器展宽对大气压等离子体电子密度测量的影响

实验使用两台不同的单色仪,采用光谱线型法测量了大气压氩气介质阻挡放电中的电子密度.诊断结果表明,由于不同的单色仪其仪器加宽不同,仪器加宽对总的光谱线型有较大影响.通过考虑等离子体中的各种加宽机制,采用卷积和反卷积的方法对氩原子发射谱线线型进行了分析,从整个光谱线型中分离出Stark线型,排除了仪器加宽对最终诊断结果的影响.从而最终测量了大气压氩气介质阻挡放电中的电子密度.测量得到在大气压氩气介质阻挡放电中单个放电丝存在时,电子温度为10000K时,电子密度约为3.05-3.26×1021 m-3.此方法不仅可以应用在大气压介质阻挡放电中,还可以用于测量其它大气压等离子体电子密度.     

激光诱导Pb等离子体光谱的时间演化特性

用 Nd:YAG脉冲激光器产生的1.06 μm激光在空气中烧蚀金属Pb靶产生等离子体,并观测了其时间分辨的发射光谱. 依据光谱线波长、相对强度等参数估算了不同延迟时间等离子体的电子温度;由PbI线的Stark加宽计算得到等离子体的电子密度;讨论了电子温度和电子密度的时间分布特征. 电子温度平均为14500 K、电子密度达到1017 cm-3. 从等离子体产生、发展机制的角度定性探讨了电子温度和电子密度的时间分布特征.     

激光诱导Pb等离子体光谱的时间演化特性

用 Nd:YAG脉冲激光器产生的1.06 μm激光在空气中烧蚀金属Pb靶产生等离子体,并观测了其时间分辨的发射光谱. 依据光谱线波长、相对强度等参数估算了不同延迟时间等离子体的电子温度;由PbI线的Stark加宽计算得到等离子体的电子密度;讨论了电子温度和电子密度的时间分布特征. 电子温度平均为14500 K、电子密度达到1017 cm-3. 从等离子体产生、发展机制的角度定性探讨了电子温度和电子密度的时间分布特征.     

缓冲气体对激光等离子体光谱特性影响的实验研究

准分子激光(波长:308 nm,脉宽:10 ns)诱导Al等离子体.详细研究了缓冲气体对激光等离子体光谱特性的影响,测量了不同延时下激光诱导Al等离子体的电子温度和不同缓冲气压下光谱线的Stark展宽并由此计算了等离子体的电子密度,最后根据电子碰撞激发理论对实验结果进行了讨论.     

具有非广延分布电子的碰撞等离子体磁鞘的结构

很多关于等离子体鞘层的研究工作都是基于电子满足经典的麦克斯韦速度分布函数,而等离子体中的粒子具有长程电磁相互作用,使用Tsallis提出的非广延分布来描述电子更为恰当.本文建立一个具有非广延分布电子的碰撞等离子体磁鞘模型,理论推导出受非广延参数q影响的玻姆判据,离子马赫数的下限数值会随着参数q的增大而减小.经过数值模拟,发现与具有麦克斯韦分布(q=1)电子的碰撞等离子体磁鞘对比,具有超广延分布(q<1)和亚广延分布(q>1)电子的碰撞等离子体磁鞘的结构各有不同,包括空间电势分布、离子电子密度分布、空间电荷密度分布.模拟结果显示非广延分布的参数q对碰撞等离子体磁鞘的结构具有不可忽略的影响.希望这些结论对相关的天体物理、等离子体边界问题的研究有参考价值.     

侧吹气体对光纤激光修锐青铜金刚石砂轮等离子体特性影响

为了研究辅助侧吹氩气对光纤激光修锐青铜结合剂金刚石砂轮等离子体的影响,利用高速摄像机拍摄不同侧吹工艺参数下等离子体空间膨胀形态,结果表明：氩气降低了等离子体的膨胀高度,随着压力增加,等离子体的膨胀距离减小,等离子抑制作用增强。 利用光谱仪研究了等离子体发射光谱在砂轮径向上的最大值随氩气压力的变化情况,并根据Boltzmann斜线法和Stark展宽法,计算不同氩气压力下等离子体在砂轮径向上电子温度和电子数密度的最大值,结果表明：气体压力增大,等离子体光谱线强度先增大后减小,等离子体光谱线强度在0.2 MPa时达到峰值,较大的氩气压力明显降低等离子体电子温度和电子数密度,从而减小对砂轮表面形貌的影响。 利用超景深三维扫描仪观测添加侧吹气体前后砂轮表面形貌,结果表明：0.5 MPa侧吹氩气后,砂轮表面形貌质量明显优于未添加侧吹气体时。     

前鞘等离子体的LB碰撞输运模型

本文从离子动力学方程出发，利用ＬＢ碰撞模型研究了离子－离子碰撞效应对前鞘等离子体输运的影响。电子分布假定为等温麦克斯韦－玻耳兹曼分布。结果表明，在低碰撞频率和高碰撞频率下，ＬＢ碰撞模型都能较好地描述前鞘等离子体中的离子－离子碰撞行为。离子－离子碰撞对表面等离子体的输运行为有较大影响。     

电子和负离子的反射运动对碰撞电负性磁鞘的影响

研究了鞘层中电子和负离子的反射运动对碰撞电负性磁鞘玻姆判据和鞘层结构的影响.通过理论推导得到了考虑鞘层中电子和负离子的反射运动时鞘层玻姆判据表达式,并通过数值模拟得到了电子和负离子采用玻尔兹曼模型和反射运动模型时离子马赫数的下限随参数的变化曲线以及鞘层中带电粒子密度的分布曲线.结果表明,电子和负离子的反射运动模型和玻尔兹曼模型离子马赫数的上限完全相同,下限表达式不同,反射运动模型中下限还与基板电势有关,且随着基板电势值的增加而增大,达到与玻尔兹曼分布中相同值后保持不变,随着鞘边负离子浓度和温度的不同达到最大值的速度不同;离子马赫数的下限在玻尔兹曼和反射运动模型中都随鞘边负离子浓度的增加和温度的降低而减小,只是在反射运动模型中的最大值要小;两种模型中离子马赫数的下限都随鞘边电场的增加而增加,但在玻尔兹曼模型中增加得更快最终值更大;两种模型离子马赫数的下限都随碰撞参数或磁场角度的增加而降低,但在玻尔兹曼模型中降低更快,随着碰撞参数或者磁场角度的增加两种模型中离子马赫数的下限趋于一致;当基板电势值较小时,电子和负离子的反射运动对鞘层结构影响较大,当基板电势值较大时电子和负离子反射运动对鞘层中带电粒子密度分布的影响很小.     

An analysis of Markovian model microfield methods for stark broadening

Stark broadening theories which concentrate on the statistics of the plasma electric microfield rather than the dynamics of collisions have come to be known as Model Microfield Methods. In the present paper we present an analysis of Stark broadening problems based on Markovian model microfield statistics. Our derivation permits an easy comparison with traditional Stark broadening theories such as the impact and unified theories; this comparison is used to clarify the physical nature of the approximations employed by Markovian models. The strengths and weaknesses of various models are discussed, emphasizing the kangaroo process of Brissaud and Frisch, and methods are suggested for improving the current model microfield approach.     

Elementary Many‐Particle Processes in Plasma Microfields

The effect of electric and magnetic plasma microfields on elementary many‐body processes in plasmas is considered. As detected first by Inglis and Teller in 1939, the electric microfield controls several elementary processes in plasmas as transitions, line shifts and line broadening. We concentrate here on the many‐particle processes ionization, recombination, and fusion and study a wide area of plasma parameters. In the first part the state of art of investigations on microfield distributions is reviewed in brief. In the second part, various types of ionization processes are discussed with respect to the influence of electric microfields. It is demonstrated that the processes of tunnel and rescattering ionization by laser fields as well as the process of electron collisional ionization may be strongly influenced by the electric microfields in the plasma. The third part is devoted to processes of microfield action on fusion processes and the effects on three‐body recombination are investigated. It is shown that there are regions of plasma densities and temperatures, where the rate of nuclear fusion is accelerated by the electric microfields. This effect may be relevant for nuclear processes in stars. Further, fusion processes in ion clusters are studied. Finally we study in this section three‐body recombination effects and show that an electric microfield influences the three‐body electron‐ion recombination via the highly excited states. In the fourth part, the distribution of the magnetic microfield is investigated for equilibrium, nonequilibrium, and non‐uniform magnetized plasmas. We show that the field distribution in a neutral point of a non‐relativistic ideal equilibrium plasma is similar to the Holtsmark distribution for the electrical microfield. Relaxation processes in nonequilibrium plasmas may lead to additional microfields. We show that in turbulent plasmas the broadening of radiative electron transitions in atoms and ions, without change of the principle quantum number, may be due to the Zeeman effect and may exceed Doppler and Stark broadening as well. Further it is shown that for optical radiation the effect of depolarization of a linearly polarized laser beams propagating through a magnetized plasma may be rather strong. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Das Mikrofeld im Plasma

By taking full account of the Coulomb interaction and energy conservation, the probability distribution of the electric and magnetic microfield in an ionized gas is calculated. It results a Gaussian distribution instead of the hitherto used Holtsmark function and its variants which exhibit certain deficiencies. The mean square electric field is found to be proportional to the temperature, in analogy to the Nyquist formula. The probability of finding an atomic charge in the vicinity of another is established. With this, the time correlation function of the microfield and an average of the correlation time is deduced. Applications to the theory of transport phenomena and spectral line broadening are briefly discussed.     

Electron contribution to quasistatic stark broadening

The contribution of quasistatic electrons to linear Stark broadening is evaluated by means of convolutions. A modified normalized microfield distribution including these electrons is derived. Hydrogen line profiles are calculated on this purely quasistatic basis. Comparisons with experimental results for Lyman-α and H_β yield satisfactory agreement in the line wings.     

Equivalence of the method of the kinetic equation and the fluctuating-frequency method in the theory of the broadening of spectral lines

A new expression for the Stark profiles of spectral lines in plasma has been obtained by the method of the kinetic equation taking into account the dynamics of the plasma microfield. The result represents a dynamic line profile in the form of simple functionals of a static profile. The relation of the new solution with the known fluctuating-frequency method has been analyzed. It has been shown that this method is a discrete analog of the method of the kinetic equation and passes to the latter method in the limit of the continuous fluctuations. Simple formulas (4), (5), and (21) for dynamic line profiles provide ultrafast calculations of the profiles of spectral lines taking into account the dynamics of the plasma microfield.     

Contribution to Calculation of Ion Microfield Nonuniformity Effect on the Asymmetry of Lyman‐α Line in Dense Plasma

The high orders of Stark effects on spectral line shapes are examined in the ion‐static and electron‐impact ap‐proximations. At first the distribution functions of the spatial derivative of the ion microfield in He⁺ plasma are calculated for different plasma conditions when the coupling parameter is weak. We present new results about the spatial derivative ion microfield distributions and apply them to show the asymmetry of the Lyman‐α (Ly‐α) line in He⁺ plasma. At the second stage we show that asymmetry is affected by the spatial derivative tensor of the local ion electric field. We have used the Monte‐Carlo simulation (MCS) to compute the distribution functions for all tensor components and use them to solve the evolution equation of emitter whose solution serves to compute and therefore to show the line shape asymmetry. Good agreement of our distribution functions of ion microfield gradients and the line asymmetry with other results are obtained (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Angular Velocity Distribution of the Electric Microfield in Plasma

In theory of the spectral line shapes, the conventional scheme use two approximations for the local electric field (microfield) due to all charged particles of the plasma. The quasi‐static approximations for the ions and the impact approximation for the electrons. The first approximation consists to say that the electric field is constant during the characteristic time. In this work we shall transpose the idea of the first approximation, to the angular velocity of the microfield whereas its strength is kept constant and equal to its mean value. We shall use the Holtsmark approach and the independent particles model (due to Margeneau and Lewis) to compute the static distribution function of the angular velocity of the microfield. In the first approach (Holtsmark), the distribution shows a Lorentzian behavior, whereas the second approach (Margenau and Lewis) shows a gaussian behavior. Subsequently, we have applied the obtained static distribution to show the effect on the broadening of Lyman‐alpha line for a plasma composed of He⁺ ions. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Multiparametric dependence of hydrogen Stark profiles asymmetry

The Standard Theory for hydrogen spectral lines asymmetry in dense plasmas is developed on the basis of rigorous and consistent approach with respect to simultaneous and complete account of the quadrupole interaction and the quadratic Stark effect. The complex multiparametric scaling and similarity dependence of the conventional asymmetry parameter for each separate Stark component and the H_β line contour as a whole is revealed and studied in detail under the influence of: ionic microfield inhomogeneity and quadratic Stark effect in ionic microfield, electronic collision shifts and impact widths, “trivial” asymmetry sources, the Boltzmann factor and the dipole intensity scaling factor of frequency to the fourth power for the case of emission line. The comparison with the precision experiment on stabilized arc data for H_β line, important for diagnostics, is performed and analyzed from the line center up to the far line wings. An erratum to this article is available at .