共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 625 毫秒
1.
Shuai Wang 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2009,48(5):1459-1465
For L-C circuit, a new quantized scheme has been proposed in the context of number-phase quantization. In this quantization
scheme, the number n of the electric charge q(q=en) is quantized as the charge number operator and the phase difference θ across the capacity is quantized as phase operator. Based on the scheme of number-phase quantization and the thermo field
dynamics (TFD), the quantum fluctuations of the charge number and phase difference of a mesoscopic L-C circuit in the thermal
vacuum state, the thermal coherent state and the thermal squeezed state have been studied. It is shown that these quantum
fluctuations of the charge number and phase difference are related to not only the parameters of circuit, the squeezing parameter,
but also the temperature in these quantum states. It is proven that the number-phase quantization scheme is very useful to
tackle with quantization of some mesoscopic electric circuits and the quantum effects. 相似文献
2.
M. W. Evans 《Foundations of Physics Letters》1995,8(5):481-489
The emergence of the Evans-Vigier fieldB
(3) of vacuum electromagnetism has been accompanied by a novel charge quantization condition inferred from 0(3) gauge theory. This finding is used to derive the de Broglie matter-wave equation from the classical Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equation of one electron in the electromagnetic field. The HJ equation is used with the charge quantization condition to show that, in a perfectly elastic photon-electron interaction, complete transfer of angular momentum occurs self-consistently, and the electron acquires the angular momentum of the photon. In this limit the electron travels infinitesimally near the speed of light, and its concomitant electromagnetic fields become indistinguishable from those of the uncharged photon. This result independently proves the validity of the charge quantization condition and demonstrates unequivocally the existence of the vacuum fieldB
(3). 相似文献
3.
From the point of view that the charge and mass of an electron is of dynamical origin and quantization of charge in units
ofe is related to the space-time quantization as developed in an earlier paper, we here show that it is possible to consider
that the internal space within the elementary domain of the quantized space-time world is not governed by Lorentz invariance.
This helps us to develop a consistent theory of nonlocal fields for extended particles where the infinite mass degeneracy
is avoided. Moreover, this ensures the convergence of nonlocal field theories and suggests that massless particles like photons
and neutrinos, though they may be taken to be of extended structure, will appear only as point particles in the physical world.
In this picture, Lorentz invariance appears to be a consequence of the distribution of matter and energy in the Universe,
and this may be taken to be another interpretation of Mach's principle. 相似文献
4.
The unified treatment of the Dirac monopole, the Schwinger monopole, and the Aharonov-Bohm problem by Barut and Wilson is revisited via a path integral approach. The Kustaanheimo-Stiefel transformation of space and time is utilized to calculate the path integral for a charged particle in the singular vector potential. In the process of dimensional reduction, a topological charge quantization rule is derived, which contains Dirac's quantization condition as a special case.
相似文献
5.
6.
S. A. Bulgadaev 《JETP Letters》2006,83(12):563-567
It is shown that an account of the Berry phase (a topological ϑ-term), together with a dissipative term in the effective action
S[ϕ] of the tunnel contacts, induces a strong quantization of the tunnel current at low temperatures. This phenomenon, as the
Coulomb blockade, reflects a discrete charge structure of the quantum shot noise and can ensure a quantization of the tunnel
current without a capacitive charging energy E
C when the latter is strongly suppressed by quantum fluctuations. Since the value of the ϑ parameter is determined by the gate
voltage, this effect allows us to control the current through the contact. A possible physical application of this effect
is proposed.
The text was submitted by the author in English. 相似文献
7.
Edward Kapuścik 《Foundations of Physics》1998,28(5):717-727
Electrostatic fields with localized sources induced by the electrostatic potential are introduced. The case in which such fields are determined by Schrödinger-like equations is considered. The problem of charge quantization is discussed. 相似文献
8.
H. A. Cohen 《Foundations of Physics》1974,4(1):115-120
In elementary derivations of the quantization of azimuthal angular momentum the eigenfunction is determined to be exp(im φ), which is “oversensitive” to the rotation φ → φ+2π, unlessm is an integer. In a recent paper Kerner examined the classical system of charge and magnetic pole, and expressed Π, a vector constant of motion for the system, in terms of a physical angle ψ, to deduce a remarkable paradox. Kerner pointed out that Π(ψ) is “oversensitive” to ψ → ψ+2π unless a certain charge quantization condition is met. Our explicandum of this paradox highlights the distinction between coordinates in classical and quantum physics. It is shown why the single-valuedness requirement on Π(ψ) is devoid of physical significance. We are finally led to examine the classical analog of the quantum mechanical argument that demonstrates the quantization of magnetic charge, to show that there is “no hope” of a classical quantization condition. 相似文献
9.
Wan-Yun Zhao 《The European Physical Journal C - Particles and Fields》1999,11(4):733-738
By perturbative calculations of the high-temperature ground-state axial vector current of fermion fields coupled to gauge
fields, an anomalous Chern–Simons topological mass term is induced in the three-dimensional effective action. The anomaly
in three dimensions appears just in the ground-state current rather than in the divergence of ground-state current. In the
Abelian case, the contribution comes only from the vacuum polarization graph, whereas in the non-Abelian case, contributions
come from the vacuum polarization graph and the two triangle graphs. The relation between the quantization of the Chern–Simons
coefficient and the Dirac quantization condition of magnetic charge is also obtained. It implies that in a (2+1)-dimensional
QED with the Chern–Simons topological mass term and a magnetic monopole with magnetic charge g present, the Chern–Simons coefficient must be also quantized, just as in the non-Abelian case.
Received: 7 April 1999 / Published online: 3 November 1999 相似文献
10.
Cholascinski M 《Physical review letters》2005,94(6):067004
We construct non-Abelian geometric transformations in superconducting nanocircuits, which resemble in properties the Aharonov-Bohm phase for an electron transported around a magnetic flux line. The effective magnetic fields can be strongly localized, and the path is traversed in the region where the energy separation between the states involved is at maximum, so that the adiabaticity condition is weakened. In particular, we present a scheme of topological charge pumping. 相似文献
11.
W. Ekardt 《Solid State Communications》1981,40(3):273-275
By using a recently developed retarded field quantization of the normal modes of a metallic slab the image potential of a slowly moving charge is calculated. It is explicitly shown that there is no contradiction between the classical and quantum result, respectively. In the quantized retarded theory the main contribution to the image potential at very large distances from the surface is provided by the volume polarition continuum and not by the two surface polaritons. Thereby, a longstanding controversy is resolved. 相似文献
12.
The quantization of the magnetic flux in superconducting rings is studied in the frame of a topological model of electromagnetism that gives a topological formulation of electric charge quantization. It turns out that the model also embodies a topological mechanism for the quantization of the magnetic flux with the same relation between the fundamental units of magnetic charge and flux as there is between the Dirac monopole and the fluxoid. 相似文献
13.
从原子-二聚物分子转化系统的非U(1)对称性出发,将保真度的定义推广到了非线性系统.并利用绝热保真度定量地研究了原子-二聚物分子转化系统在受激拉曼绝热过程中的动力学和绝热性.研究发现,这个系统的相干布居俘获态——暗态的绝热保真度作为绝热参量的函数以幂律关系趋于1.这个函数关系与线性系统的绝热参量和绝热保真度的幂律关系非常相似,但该系统的幂指数要远小于线性系统的幂指数.此外,还进一步讨论了如何通过优化受激拉曼绝热过程的外部参量得到更高的绝热保真度,从而优化系统的绝热性,提高原子-分子转化效率.
关键词:
原子-二聚物分子转化系统
暗态
受激拉曼绝热过程
绝热保真度 相似文献
14.
David K. Ferry 《Superlattices and Microstructures》2000,28(5-6)
The connection between the minimum size of an electron wavepacket, and the introduction of an effective potential is discussed. The effective potential approach has a long history of use in trying to transition the gap between classical mechanics and quantum mechanics. An effective potential is one in which the quasi-classical regime is approximated through a density which arises from the effective potential W(x) through exp[ − βW(x)]. The generation of the effective potentialW (x) gives the effects of the onset of quantization in the system. In this paper, we study the use of the effective potential in a triangular well formed between the oxide and the depletion field of the semiconductor. We determine the quantization energy of the carriers in the potential well and their mean set-back from the interface. Finally, we show the connection between the effective potential and the Bohm-derived quantum potentials that have become of interest in simulations. 相似文献
15.
N. P. Landsman 《Letters in Mathematical Physics》1990,20(1):11-18
Concepts from the theory of abstract operator algebras are used to solve the problem of quantizing a particle moving on an arbitrary locally compact homogeneous space. Inequivalent quantizations are identified with inequivalent irreducible representations of the corresponding C
*-algebra. Topological terms in the action (or Hamiltonian) are found to be representation-dependent, and are automatically induced by the quantization procedure. Known charge quantization conditions turn out to be identically satisfied. Several examples are considered, among them the Dirac monopole and the Aharonov-Bohm effect. 相似文献
16.
We study the time scales for adiabaticity of trapped cold bosons subject to a time-varying lattice potential using a dynamic Gutzwiller mean-field theory. We explain apparently contradictory experimental observations by demonstrating a clear separation of time scales for local dynamics (~ ms) and global mass redistribution (~1 s). We provide a simple explanation for the short and fast time scales, finding that while density or energy transport is dominated by low energy phonons, particle-hole excitations set the adiabaticity time for fast ramps. We show how mass transport shuts off within Mott-insulator domains, leading to a chemical potential gradient that fails to equilibrate on experimental time scales. 相似文献
17.
In terms of the construction of vector field with momentum and logarithmic derivative of wavefunction as its components, a
geometric proof of an exact quantization rule in one dimensional quantum mechanics systems is given. The quantization rule
arises from the SO(2) gauge transformation. In addition, the quantization rule is generalized to the case when the potential function is piecewise
continuous between the two turning points.
This work was supported by doctoral foundation of HPU. 相似文献
18.
We obtain Dirac’s classic monopole charge quantization from the point of view of geometric quantization and demonstrate how this leads to the conclusion that the electromagnetic field is a U(1)-gauge field. 相似文献
19.
Rotational symmetry of classical orbits, arbitrary quantization of angular momentum and the role of the gauge field in two-dimensional space 下载免费PDF全文
We study quantum–classical correspondence in terms of the coherent wave functions of a charged particle in two- dimensional central-scalar potentials as well as the gauge field of a magnetic flux in the sense that the probability clouds of wave functions are well localized on classical orbits. For both closed and open classical orbits, the non-integer angular-momentum quantization with the level space of angular momentum being greater or less than is determined uniquely by the same rotational symmetry of classical orbits and probability clouds of coherent wave functions, which is not necessarily 2π-periodic. The gauge potential of a magnetic flux impenetrable to the particle cannot change the quantization rule but is able to shift the spectrum of canonical angular momentum by a flux-dependent value, which results in a common topological phase for all wave functions in the given model. The well-known quantum mechanical anyon model becomes a special case of the arbitrary quantization, where the classical orbits are 2π-periodic. 相似文献
20.
Daniel M. Pisello 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》1978,17(2):143-147
Previously proposed field equations for the field which maps points in space-time to points on the two-sphere are derived from a suitable Lagrangian. The original conjecture that this theory may be the nonlinear theory of electrodynamics which has charge quantization as a topological property is supported by this result. Problems with this interpretation are indicated. 相似文献