石蜡液面离子风的研究

研究了常压空气中针-石蜡液面 50Hz 交流电晕放电离子风特性。交流电晕离子风能够引起液体石蜡 显著变形,随着电压升高,变形从漏斗状发展到盆状。在石蜡层厚度为 5mm 时,盆状变形最大,深度达到 5.3mm, 最大作用范围半径 18.8mm,变形产生的压强达到 48.9Pa,远远超过直流针-水电晕放电情况。随着电压升高,从 电晕放电过渡到流注放电时盆状变形依然存在,这一点明显不同于直流针-水电晕放电。研究表明交流电晕离子风 具有优良的驱动绝缘液体介质的巨大潜力。     

直流大气压电晕放电电子密度的光谱研究

利用自制针—板式放电装置,在大气中进行电晕放电实验。用发光区域照片光斑的大小,讨论了电晕层厚度与电源电压的关系。在相同针板间距下,电晕层厚度随着电压的升高而增大;在相同电压下,电晕层厚度随着针板间距的增大而减小。由于高能电子密度能够通过氮分子第二正带系337.1 nm的光谱强度大小反映,因此对氮分子第二正带系337.1 nm谱线的强度用发射光谱法进行了测量。实验结果发现在针尖附近高能电子密度最大,并且高能电子密度随电压的升高而增大;电压一定时,高能电子密度随针板间距的增大而减小。在针板间距和电源电压不变的情况下,高能电子密度随针尖曲率半径的减小而增大。     

多针电晕增强大气压辉光放电稳定性研究

利用多针电晕增强放电装置，在无气流和存在高速气流的情况下都得到了稳定的大气压辉光.通过纪录发光图片、电流-电压波形和伏安特性曲线的方法对影响放电稳定性的因素做了细致地研究，发现了在从电晕放电到辉光放电的过程中存在着过渡阶段，表现为出现带有直流成分的Trichel脉冲.气流速度、极板间距以及针尖锥度和凹坑曲率半径的匹配程度都对放电的稳定性和电流密度有着重要的影响. 关键词： 大气压辉光放电 多针电晕 等离子体     

基于紫外脉冲和光学透镜的电晕放电检测技术研究

电晕放电产生的紫外线可作为检测信号用于电晕放电识别。紫外成像仪成本昂贵,目前在输配电设备带电巡检中运用较多,但无法运用于实时在线监测,从而无法及时发现安全隐患。为此提出了一种基于紫外传感器的电晕放电监测方法,通过设计光学透镜以聚集紫外线信号从而抑制外界干扰,研究了传感器运行电压、监测距离对紫外脉冲计数监测结果的影响,并通过开展试验与紫外成像仪电晕放电图谱进行了对比验证。校验结果表明,紫外传感器供电电压设置为500V可以获得最佳检测效果;不同外施电压下紫外脉冲计数结果与紫外成像仪测得的光斑面积测得结果变化趋势基本一致,因此所提出的基于紫外脉冲计数的电晕放电监测方法可有效反应电晕放电的起始和发展。研究结果可以为输配电设备在线监测装备的研制和校验提供重要参考。     

发射光谱研究多针对板电晕放电O活性原子特性

利用发射光谱技术在大气压下测量了空气中多针对板负直流电晕放电和正电晕流光放电产生的O(3p5 P→3s 5 S02777.4nm)活性原子发射光谱。在负电晕放电中,研究了放电功率、电极间距、N2含量和相对湿度等因素对O活性原子产生过程的影响;在正电晕流光放电阶段,研究了O活性原子相对密度在放电反应空间的分布特点。结果表明:O活性原子产量随放电功率的增加而增大,随电极间距增大而减少,随相对湿度和氮气含量的增加,其产量先增大后减少;O活性原子相对密度沿针尖轴向呈先增大后减小的趋势。     

离子风作用下LED光热关联特性研究

LED芯片结温对其光电性能影响很大,因此需要一种有效的热管理方式。设计一种"针-网"式离子风散热器,通过实验研究了电晕放电产生离子风在LED前照灯冷却中的应用,探讨了热学和光学性能之间的关联机理。结果表明,使用离子风散热技术可以有效降低LED芯片结温,削弱色度坐标的红移,减缓光通量的衰减速度;LED光源的两个重要颜色指标相关色温(CCT)和显色指数(CRI)在离子风作用下均不会有明显变化;当放电功率为2 W时,将获得更加对称和均匀的光分布。验证了离子风散热技术用于大功率LED前照灯散热的可行性。     

气流和外加磁场对负电晕放电特性的影响

利用线-筒电晕放电装置,研究了气体流动和外加磁场对负电晕放电的影响。当电压固定时,电晕放电电流随气体流量的增加先快速增大,并到达一个高点后迅速下降,随着流量的进一步上升,放电电流又开始缓慢增加。外加磁场能增加电晕放电的电流,但在高的气体流速下,磁场将降低电晕放电的电流,同时外加磁场增加臭氧的产生,直到温度上升导致它的快速降解。     

电晕均压多间隙串联气体开关特性实验

研制了一种电晕放电均压的小型多间隙串联气体开关,分析了电晕放电在开关工作过程中的作用,开展了开关自击穿特性、电晕放电伏安特性、针尖烧蚀以及开关寿命测试等特性实验。结果表明:老练后开关自击穿电压标准偏差小于3.5%,电晕均压效果明显;随着放电次数增加,电晕针尖逐渐钝化,触发性能变化不大;开关电晕放电电流随耐受电压升高增大,增长趋势逐渐变快;开关充400 kPa干燥空气,100 kV工作电压下开关放电50 000次以上,触发性能稳定,触发击穿时延抖动约4.3 ns,自放电概率低于110-4。     

大气压空气中重复频率纳秒脉冲气体放电模式研究

利用上升沿100ns、脉宽150ns的单级磁压缩纳秒脉冲电源,通过电压电流测量和放电图像拍摄实验,研究了大气压空气中极不均匀电场结构重复频率纳秒脉冲气体放电的放电模式。结果表明纳秒脉冲气体放电存在三种典型的放电模式:电晕放电、弥散放电和火花放电。施加的脉冲电压幅值对放电模式影响显著,随着电压幅值的增加,放电依次经历电晕、弥散和火花放电。固定电压幅值时,放电可能同时存在两种模式。重复频率加强了放电强度,弥散放电的激发电压随重复频率的增加变化不大,但火花放电的激发电压随着重复频率的增加而降低。因此降低重复频率有利于在较大电压范围获得大气压空气弥散放电。     

平行陶瓷棒介质阻挡放电分段模型等效参数预测

为实现对介质阻挡放电负载模型等效参数的有效预测,引入放电区域面积作为中间变量。以平行陶瓷棒为负载,通过Maxwell有限元仿真得到恒压静电场下的负载等效电容与放电区域的对应关系。结合恒压静电场下的电场分布,提出了放电区域逐步扩张下的气隙首次击穿电压、负载外加电压峰值及气隙放电维持电压的预估方法。进而,根据李萨如图形法求得各个工作点的功率。至此,建立起了放电区域同各个等效参数间的量化关系,并实现了对参数的预测。最后,对气隙间距为1,3,4 mm的工况进行了实验验证。实验结果表明:气隙放电维持电压预测值在局部变化趋势上与实测值存在一定差异;放电功率、负载外加电压峰值预测结果与实测值较为吻合。     

Analysis of geometric scaling of miniature,multi-electrode assisted corona discharges for ionic wind generation

The assisted corona discharge is a unique discharge configuration that utilizes multiple collecting electrodes to minimize the voltage required to initiate a corona discharge and to generate an ionic wind. In this work, the geometric parameters that govern the formation of the assisted corona discharge and subsequent ionic wind are evaluated. Flow velocity measurements suggest that the geometry of the electrode spacings is optimized for ionic wind generation when the current flowing to the collector electrode is maximized, and that as the electrode gap is decreased to microscale dimensions, ionic wind production is inhibited.     

On the negative corona and ionic wind over water electrode surface

The DC corona discharge in air and the induced ionic wind were investigated in the needle-to-water system at atmospheric pressure. The water deformation was measured under various conditions, and wind pressure and active areas were estimated accordingly. The effects of applied voltage, gap spacing and tip radius on the corona ionic wind were studied and the qualitative analysis was provided. Self-rotation of corona discharge was observed in experiments. The results show that higher voltage or electric field strength results in a stronger ionic wind. The active area increases with applied voltage below a voltage threshold. There is an optimal gap distance for a wider as well as stronger ionic wind and blunter needle we used leads to an enhancement on both the active area and the wind strength. The wind velocity reaches 7 m/s at optimized condition in the present system. The rotation of corona discharge helps to improve the active area and uniformity of the treating area which may be associated with the chemical reaction of the water surface.     

低气压离子风推进器仿真与实验

离子风动力具有无需机械旋转部件、低功耗及低噪声等优点, 在平流层飞艇和太阳能飞机上具有重要的应用潜力。模拟临近空间的低气压环境, 采用"线-柱"电极结构电晕放电装置产生离子风, 实验测量不同放电条件下离子风推进器产生的推力和推功比, 研究了气压、放电电压、电极间隙对离子风动力的影响。仿真和实验结果表明, 气压的降低会导致推进器推功比的下降, 具体表现为: 当电极间隙为2.0 cm, 最大推功比由1 atm (1 atm＝101325 Pa)时的17.70 mN/W降低至0.02 atm时的0.24 mN/W; 而推功比的损失可以通过增大电极间隙来补偿, 当电极间隙增加至14 cm, 在0.02 atm的气压环境下, 推功比由0.24 mN/W升至0.70 mN/W。通过优化离子风推进器结构, 增加电极间隙, 离子风动力具备低气压环境下的应用潜力。      

An empirical model for ionic wind generation by a needle-to-cylinder dc corona discharge

We present the results of an experimental study on ionic wind generation by a needle-to-cylinder dc corona discharge. A strong electrical field in the air generates air flow driven by the motion of ionized gas molecules along electric field lines. We measured the ionic wind velocity and discharge current with respect to various electrode geometries, distances between electrodes, and applied voltages. Our measurements suggest an empirical model for the ionic wind velocity as a function of the geometric factors of the collector electrode and the applied electric potential, which is useful for designing ionic wind cooling systems for small electronics.     

Experimental investigation of cooling of a plate by ionic wind from a corona-forming wire electrode

We report on the results of experimental investigations of the kinematic structure of ionic wind from a wire electrode placed near a heated plate, which plays the role of the earthed electrode. Experiments are carried out in a wide range of voltages for different polarities of the wire for several values of the electrode gap. We compare the structures of the flows emerging as a result of natural convection in open air for different positions of the plate and in the presence of a fast ionic wind jet that considerably intensifies heat transfer in the boundary layer at the heated planar electrode. Local temperature distributions over the plate surface are obtained, as well as the integral dependences of the effective heat removal on the electric parameters of the corona discharge. The velocity of air flows with ionic wind reaches 4 m/s, and the heat power removed from the plate for fixed overheating increases ninefold compared to the situation with natural convection.     

Characteristics and underlying physics of ionic wind in dc corona discharge under different polarities

During a dc corona discharge, the ions' momentum will be transferred to the surrounding neutral molecules, inducing an ionic wind.The characteristics of corona discharge and the induced ionic wind are investigated experimentally and numerically under different polarities using a needle-to-ring electrode configuration.The morphology and mechanism of corona discharge, as well as the characteristics and mechanism of the ionic wind, are different when the needle serves as cathode or anode.Under the different polarities of the applied voltage, the ionic wind velocity has a linear relation with the overvoltage.The ionic wind is stronger but has a smaller active region for positive corona compared to that for negative corona under a similar condition.The involved physics are analyzed by theoretical deduction as well as simulation using a fluid model.The ionic wind of negative corona is mainly affected by negative ions.The discharge channel has a dispersed feature due to the dispersed field, and therefore the ionic wind has a larger active area.The ionic wind of positive corona is mainly affected by positive ions.The discharge develops in streamer mode, leading to a stronger ionic wind but a lower active area.     

Visualization of the local ionic wind profile in a DC corona discharge field by laser-induced phosphorescence emission

Experimental visualization for ionic wind motion originated from DC corona discharges in a needle-plate electrode system has been investigated. A vapor-phase biacetyl tracer with laser-induced phosphorescence emission is used for optically characterizing the ionic wind profile. The ionic wind blows the excited biacetyl molecules away in continuing the visible phosphorescence emission for a long radiative lifetime. The captured image with elapsing time from the excitation presents the shifting location of radiative tracer along the ionic wind direction. The experimental results show the ionic wind profile enhanced in the electric field direction corresponding to the corona discharge progress. Especially, the ionic wind near an initiating point of corona discharges is focused as an advantage of this optical technique. The ionic wind velocity along the electrode axis can be obtained at the location close enough to the corona discharge initiation point, and the velocity at 0.5 mm from the discharge point is figured out as 9.3 to 19.2 m/s under the condition of the EHD Reynolds number of 0.95×10³ to 2.1×10³.     

Flow distribution and pressure of air due to ionic wind in pin-to-plate corona discharge system

An electrohydrodynamic investigation has been carried out in a pin-to-plate gas discharge system to clarify the mechanism of repulsive force generation between a pin and plate electrode at corona discharge. Numerical calculations have been conducted in two steps. First, the axi-cylindrical static corona discharge field was calculated with the finite-element method to deduce the Coulombic body force ρ E applied to the air, where ρ is the charge density and E is the electric field, and then the induced ionic wind was calculated with the finite differential method. The calculated pressure distribution on the plate electrode was on the order of 10 Pa which was in good agreement with the measured pressure distribution. The calculated air velocity at the center was several m/s and was confirmed by a time-of-flight experiment and the velocity distribution near the pin electrode also agreed with measurements using a laser Doppler velocimeter. Pressure and wind velocity were increased at high-applied voltage. These results confirm that the ionic wind is the cause of the repulsive force to the pin electrode at the corona discharge.     

多针-网电极离子风激励器推力与推功比的实验研究

本文搭建了一种无摩擦气垫悬浮测试平台测量了19针和31针-网电极离子风激励器产生的推力特性, 为多针-网电极离子风激励器作为新型动力源提供动力控制方法. 通过研究多针-网间隙、针-针间距、针尖曲率半径和电晕电压电流对离子风激励器推力特性的影响, 提出了在低功耗下产生较大推力的方法, 改善离子风激励器对低功耗与大推力的需求不能同时满足的现状. 关键词： 多针-网电极 离子风 推力 推功比