Test of the LHAASO electron detector prototype using cosmic rays

The LHAASO project is to be built in south-west China, using an array of 5137 electron detectors for the measurement of incident electrons arriving at the detector plane. For quality control of the large number of electron detectors, a cosmic ray hodoscope with two-dimensional spatial sensitivity and good time resolution has been developed. The first prototype of the electron detector has been tested with the hodoscope and the performance of the detector is found to be consistent with the design.     

A SCINTILLATION COUNTER HODOSCOPE AND ON-LINE EXPERIMENTS WITH COMPUTER

In this paper, a multi-strip scintillation counter hodoscope and a small on-line system are described. The hodoscope is a 4×4 array of scin tillation strip counter, each of which consists of a plastic scintillation strip of type NE104 with the dimension of 50×4×1cm³ and a Photomultiplier of type GDB-50L. An on-line program for hodoscope property test has been compiled. The hodoscope read-out system is linked with PDP-11/03 computer and with them some on-line experiments have been done.
The experimental results are as follows. The efficiency of each cell of the hodoscope is between 96.5% and 99.5%. The counting distribution caused by a radiative source Ru¹⁰⁶ put at various locations can be displayed as a histogram directly and promptly on a printer. The intensity of cosmic ray fluxes and its distribution versus azimuthal angle has been measured. All these results are reasonable. The performances of this system are well and stable and it can be used in some experiments of high energy physics.     

The temperature effect in the muon flux of cosmic rays: Methods for considering and evaluating the parameters of earth’s atmosphere

Simplified approaches to adjusting the muon flux for the temperature effect (e.g., those of the effective level of muon generation and mass-averaged atmosphere temperature) are considered. The accuracy of adjustment is evaluated using data from the URAGAN muon hodoscope (Moscow, Russia). The difference between the adjusted data using temperature coefficients that are differential by altitude and the simplified methods does not exceed 1–1.5%. The considered methods can be used for a fast preliminary adjustment of experimental data, and for solving the inverse problem of evaluating atmospheric parameters according to the muon hodoscope data.     

Wide-aperture muon detector for diagnostics of the Earth’s atmosphere and magnetosphere

A wide-aperture large-area multilayered muon hodoscope is being constructed above the water Cherenkov calorimeter NEVOD (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute). This hodoscope is aimed at studying the processes in the Earth’s atmosphere and magnetosphere that lead to variations in the muon flux at the ground level. The structure of the detector and its data acquisition and triggering systems are described. Some preliminary results of the analysis of the data obtained using the first two supermodules of the system in the continuous series of measurements during 2005–2006 are discussed.     

Detection of GLE of December 13, 2006, using the muon hodoscope

GLE of December 13, 2006, is analyzed based on the data of the muon hodoscope located at MEPhI (Moscow). The setup supermodules registered that the muon flux intensity started increasing at 0254 UTC. An increase at a maximum (0300 UTC) was 0.61 ± 0.09% (for the 10-min data), which is larger than six standard deviations. The detection of the muon flux in the hodoscope mode for the first time made it possible to obtain the two-dimensional images of an increase in the muon flux. A comparison of the muon hodoscope and neutron monitor data makes it possible to conclude that the muon event was caused by a highly collimated bunch of the solar proton fast component.     

Forbush decreases recorded by the URAGAN muon hodoscope in 2006–2011

Variations in the cosmic ray muon flux on Earth’s surface during Forbush decreases (FD) recorded by the URAGAN muon hodoscope in 2006–2011 are investigated. The dependence of the rate of amplitude reduction on the primary particle energy in a range above 10 GeV at different phases of FD development is studied by analyzing the variations in the cosmic ray muon flux recorded with the hodoscope. Analytical data on the spatial and angular dynamics of the muon flux are used to estimate variations in the spatial anisotropy of the muon flux during FDs.     

Investigation of geoeffective and non-geoeffective CMEs according to data from the URAGAN muon hodoscope

Coronal mass ejections are the brightest manifestations of solar activity. Dozens of coronal mass ejections are observed daily during periods of higher solar activity. They directly affect cosmic ray fluxes that carry information on plasma clouds, including clouds moving toward the Earth. Several aspects of geoeffective and non-geoeffective coronal mass ejections, observed with the ground-based URAGAN muon hodoscope operated as part of the NEVOD experimental complex at MEPhI, are discussed. The anisotropy of cosmic ray muon fluxes recorded during coronal mass ejections in 2014 and 2015 is investigated.     

Studying variations of muon flux on the Earth’s surface,based on muon hodoscope data during nonstationary atmospheric processes

The first results are presented from the long-term experiment on registration of the response of the muon flux of cosmic rays to nonstationary atmospheric phenomena (storms) using the URAGAN muon hodoscope. The potential of the muon hodoscope enables us to register changes in the local anisotropy of the muon flux, the results from the analysis of which indicate the sensitivity of the penetrating component of cosmic rays to turbulent disturbances in the atmosphere during thunderstorms. Based on the analysis of 12 events in the Moscow region between May and September 2009, it is shown that the response of the muon flux is characteristic of the majority of thunderstorms, both in the general count rate and in the zenith-azimuthal distribution of intensity.     

Methods for Recognition of Local Anisotropy in Muon Fluxes in the URAGAN Hodoscope Matrix Data Time Series

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - In this article, the methods for the recognition of local anisotropy of muon fluxes in the matrix data time series from the URAGAN muon hodoscope are proposed, based on...     

Plastic scintillator-based hodoscope for the characterization of large-area resistive plate chambers

A scintillator-based hodoscope is fully operational at Nuclear Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (NPD-BARC). It was used for characterizing the resistive plate chambers (RPCs) assembled for the RE4 upgrade for the compact muon solenoid (CMS) experiment, installed during the long shut-down (LS1) using cosmic muons. It has now been employed for R & D related to gas mixtures and glass RPCs for the India-based neutrino observatory (INO) and muon tomography studies. The hodoscope is equipped with gas flow lines, LV, HV and VME-based DAQ with multihit TDCs. CERN-based software was adapted, implemented and along with the cosmic trigger, was used to evaluate the functional parameters for the RPCs, such as efficiency, cluster size etc.     

Elimination of Diurnal,Annual, and Solar Variations in the Matrix Observations of the URAGAN Muon Hodoscope

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - A method for elimination of periodical diurnal, annual, and 27-day and 11-year solar variations in the matrix observations of the URAGAN muon hodoscope was developed. The...     

Correlations of secondaries in events with a forward neutron at the ISR

Data, obtained from p-p collisions at centre-of-mass energies between 31 and 63 GeV, are presented on inclusive and semi-inclusive correlations between forward emitted neutrons and charged particles observed in an omnidirectional hodoscope. A total absorption spectrometer was used to detect the neutrons and to measure their energy. Significant correlations are observed over the whole rapidity range. The data suggest that neutrons result from the decay of clusters emitted in the fragmentation region.     

Muon diagnostics: Present status

Muon diagnostics is a technique for the remote monitoring of various dynamic processes in the heliosphere and the Earth’s magnetosphere and atmosphere, based on analyzing spatial and angular variations in the flux of muons detected simultaneously from all directions in the upper hemisphere. Approaches to data analysis and some of the results of studies of the atmospheric and extra-atmospheric processes detected using the URAGAN muon hodoscope are discussed.     

磁流变减振系统参数辨识

在对磁流变体的力学性能、减振系统设计和实验建模方法深入研究的基础上,提出了采用非线性顺序滤波来辨识磁流变化减振装置粘弹性模型参数的实验建模方法。研究表明,基于粘塑性假设,可用于该辨识算法获得库仑摩擦力和粘性摩擦系数。     

Investigating Thunderstorm Activity in Moscow Region Via Methods of Muonography

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - Using muon flux characteristics obtained by the URAGAN muon hodoscope, 235 thunderstorm event candidates were identified in 2014–2020, 211 of them were accompanied...     

Specific features of studying Forbush decreases in the muon flux

The variations in the cosmic ray (CR) muon flux during the Forbush decreases (FDs), registered by the DECOR muon detector and the URAGAN muon hodoscope during the periods of their operation from 2004 to 2006, are analyzed. The unified method for determining the parameters of variations in the CR flux during FDs has been developed, and the dependences of the FD characteristics on the rigidity of primary CRs and information about the spatial-angular dynamics of the muon flux during FDs have been obtained.     

High-energy gamma rays emission in coincidence with light charged particles from the32S +74Ge reaction at 210 MeV

High-energyγ-rays from the³²S+⁷⁴Ge reaction at 210 MeV bombarding energy were measured in coincidence with light charged particles detected in a large area hodoscope. Experimental results show that energeticγ-rays in coincidence with light charged particles are essentially emitted in the compound nucleus decay. The parameters of the giant dipole resonance (GDR) have been extracted from alineshape analysis of the experimentalγ-ray spectrum. The derived values of mean energyE _D, widthΓ and strengthS are in good agreement with results from previous experiments on Sn isotopes obtained by using different experimental techniques.     

Analysis of the anisotropy of the muon flux, according to data obtained by the URAGAN muon hodoscope during heliospheric disturbances

Features of studying heliospheric disturbances caused by changes in the parameters of the interplanetary magnetic field by the anisotropy of the muon flux of cosmic rays detected on the surface of the Earth by the URAGAN muon hodoscope are considered. The anisotropy of the muon flux in the period 2007–2011 is analyzed. The forecasting potential of our approaches to studying heliospheric disturbances using the penetrating component of cosmic rays is evaluated.     

Experimental Investigation of Nonlinear Vibration Isolator with Fluidic Actuators (NLVIFA)

This paper elaborates a nonlinear fluidic low frequency vibration isolator designed with the characteristics of quasi-zero stiffness (QZS). The existing model of QZS vibration isolator enhances amplitude of vibration and attenuating vibration frequencies. This concern with displacement plays a vital role in the performance and instability of oblique spring setup reduces the isolator performance in horizontal non-nominal loads, in this accordance; this paper associates double acting hydraulic cylinder (fluidic actuators in short) in oblique and helical coil spring. An approximate expression of unique analytical relationship between the stiffness of vertical spring and bulk modulus of the fluid is derived for Quasi – Zero Stiffness Non-Linear Vibration Isolator with Fluidic Actuators (NLVIFA in short) system and the force transmissibility is formulated and damping ratio are discussed for characteristic analysis. Modal analysis carried out and compared with analytical results and an experimental prototype is developed and investigated. The performance of the NLVIFA reduces the external embarrassment more at low frequencies and the series of experimental studies showing that the soft nonlinearity causes limitation in the resonant frequency thereupon the isolation will be enhanced and NLVIFA greatly outperform some other type of nonlinear isolators.