HIAF-CRing中的俘获加速效率研究（英文）

以HIAF-CRing上典型离子~(238)U~(34+)为研究对象,对其纵向俘获和加速的动力学过程进行了研究。累积后的粒子能量为800 MeV/u,经过绝热俘获和加速后,粒子被加速至1 130 MeV/u。研究结果表明,通过选择适当的俘获时间、绝热参数以及相空间面积因子等参数,应用优化后的高频俘获加速曲线,可以获得更高的俘获和加速效率。通过粒子纵向动力学追踪软件ESME上进行模拟,得到了优化后的高频相位、高频电压曲线,使得俘获效率达到99.3%,加速效率近乎100%。同时确定出了CRing高频腔加速U~(34+)所需满足的特性参数,即电压需达到40 kV,频率范围是0.31~0.34 MHz。     

重离子加速器冷却储存环高频腔体设计

 通过二维高频电磁场的计算，设计了兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环（HIRFL–CSR）的铁氧体加载腔，给出了高频系统主要参数及加速电场的分布。     

HIAF-CRing 中的俘获加速效率研究(英文)

以HIAF-CRing上典型离子238U34+为研究对象,对其纵向俘获和加速的动力学过程进行了研究。累积后的粒子能量为800 MeV/u, 经过绝热俘获和加速后,粒子被加速至1 130 MeV/u。研究结果表明,通过选择适当的俘获时间、绝热参数以及相空间面积因子等参数,应用优化后的高频俘获加速曲线,可以获得更高的俘获和加速效率。通过粒子纵向动力学追踪软件ESME 上进行模拟,得到了优化后的高频相位、高频电压曲线,使得俘获效率达到99.3%,加速效率近乎100%。同时确定出了CRing 高频腔加速U34+ 所需满足的特性参数,即电压需达到40 kV,频率范围是0:31s0:34 MHz。To reduce the beam loss during the capture and acceleration processes of CRing in HIAF project, the longitudinal beam motion is investigated using the typical ion of 238U34+during the two processes mentioned above. The ions will be captured adiabatically firstly and then will be accelerated from 800 to 1130 MeV/u with a high efficiency using optimized RF voltage and RF phase program. After that the bunched beam will be debunched for the later beam compression. Simulation of these processes by tracking appropriate distributions with the longitudinal beam dynamics code ESME has been used tofind optimum parameters such as RF phase, RF voltage. The variation of the parameter during the RF cycle and the character parameters of the RF cavity are presented.      

储存环内纵向Palmer方式随机冷却过程模拟

基于Fokker–Planck方程,模拟了兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环(HIRFL–CSR)实验环内重离子束的Palmer方式纵向动量冷却过程,在模拟过程中,得到并应用使冷却达到最快的系统最优增益曲线.对模拟结果进行了讨论.     

兰州重离子冷却储存环工程

兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环是兰州重离子研究装置的后续工程 .它的建造目的是将重离子束的能量提高到 1 Ge V/u附近 ,同时利用储存环电子冷却技术将束流品质提高一个数量级 ,并提供更多种类的重离子束 ,以开展更广范围和更高精度的物理实验 .兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环是一个双储存环系统 ,由一个主环和一个实验环构成 .对其总体布局、总体参数、主要功能进行了介绍. HIRFL- CSR, a new accelerator project at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), is a multipurpose Cooling Storage Ring system which consists of a main ring (CSRm) and an experimental ring (CSRe). Beams from HIRFL will be accumulated and accelerated in CSRm, and then transported to CSRe for internal target experiments. The layout, major parameters and main functions of the CSR were described.     

HIRFL-CSR主环加速腔系统设计

正在建设中的兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环 ( HIRFL- CSR)的主环加速腔系统用于将累积的重离子束流进行加速 .其频率范围为 0 .2 5 - 1 .7MHz,峰值电压为 8.0 k V.重点介绍了主环加速腔系统的设计及主要高频参数 ,包括高频腔体的设计及低电平控制部分的设计. An ion cooler storage ring HIRFL CSR is constructing at Institute of Modern Physics(IMP). It consists of two rings--main ring (CSRm) and experimental ring (CSRe). For the CSRm, two RF systems will be employed. One is for RF stacking, and another is for beam accelerating. The designed parameters of CSRm accelerating system and the control block diagram of RF system are described. The RF accelerating system has a specification of lower and wider frequency range from 0.25 to 1.7 MHz...     

CSRm变谐波加速

 在研究兰州重离子冷却储存环(HIRFL-CSR)纵向相振荡运动特性的基础上,对主环(CSRm)内重离子的加速过程进行了模拟研究。选取由扇聚焦回旋加速器（SFC）剥离注入的能量为7 MeV/u,动量散度为±0.5%的¹²C⁶⁺典型离子,模拟了CSRm内束流的加速过程,加速的最终能量为1 GeV/u。在加速过程中采用了变换谐波的方式,解决了较低能量下的加速问题。模拟结果给出了不同时刻粒子在纵向相空间的分布以及各主要高频参数随时间的变化曲线。     

CSRe减速模拟

对兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环实验环中束流的减速过程进行了模拟研究,采用变换谐波的方式将粒子减速到较低能量,以适应高精度原子物理实验的需要.根据模拟结果得到了减速过程各个时刻粒子在纵向相空间分布,并给出了高频参数在减速过程中的变化曲线.     

储存环中横向和纵向相空间随机冷却的二维计算

 对兰州重离子冷却储存环HIRFL CSR的随机冷却装置进行了设计。基于Fokker Planck方程，对陷波器方式纵向冷却及横向冷却时间作了二维计算，在计算过程中，得到并使用了冷却最快的增益曲线。     

HIRFL-CSRE 脉冲堆积式高频数字低电平系统

为突破传统束流堆积方式瓶颈、提高重离子流强,兰州重离子加速器冷却储存实验环（HIRFL-CSRe）将采用移动式脉冲堆积方案（Moving Barrier Bucket）。该方案要求高频系统能产生高精度的单正弦电压,然而由于Barrier Bucket（BB）电压的宽带特性以及高频系统的非线性,高频腔内的BB电压存在着严重的失真问题。针对此问题,在全面分析了BB电压波形特性以及高频系统的频率响应的基础上,设计了BB电压预失真前馈控制方案,并详细描述了该方案的原理、仿真、软硬件设计以及实际测试结果。研究成果将应用于HIRFL-CSRe的BB束流堆积实验以及十二五强流重离子加速器（HIAF）的BB堆积模式。     

Longitudinal RF capture and acceleration simulation in CSNS RCS

China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high power proton accelerator-based facility. Uncontrolled beam loss is a major concern in designing the CSNS to control the radioactivation level. For the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of the CSNS, the repetition frequency is too high for the longitudinal motion to be fully adiabatic. Significant beam loss happens during the RF capture and initial acceleration of the injection period. To reduce the longitudinal beam loss, beam chopping and momentum offset painting methods are used in the RCS injection. This paper presents detailed studies on the longitudinal motion in the RCS by using the ORBIT simulations, which include different beam chopping factors, momentum offsets and RF voltage optimization. With a trade-off between the longitudinal beam loss and transverse incoherent tune shift that will also result in beam losses, optimized longitudinal painting schemes are obtained.     

Longitudinal RF capture and acceleration simulation in CSNS RCS

China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is a high power proton accelerator-based facility. Uncontrolled beam loss is a major concern in designing the CSNS to control the radioactivation level. For the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of the CSNS, the repetition frequency is too high for the longitudinal motion to be fully adiabatic. Significant beam loss happens during the RF capture and initial acceleration of the injection period. To reduce the longitudinal beam loss, beam chopping and momentum offset painting methods are used in the RCS injection. This paper presents detailed studies on the longitudinal motion in the RCS by using the ORBIT simulations, which include different beam chopping factors, momentum offsets and RF voltage optimization. With a trade-off between the longitudinal beam loss and transverse incoherent tune shift that will also result in beam losses, optimized longitudinal painting schemes are obtained.     

Investigating the adiabatic beam grouping at the NICA accelerator complex

The NICA complex comprises the Booster and Nuclotron synchrotrons for accelerating particle beams to the required energy and the Collider machine, in which particle collisions are investigated. The experimental heavy-ion program deals with ions up to Au⁺⁷⁹. The light-ion program deals with polarized deuterons and protons. Grouping of a beam coasting in an ion chamber is required in many parts of the complex. Beam grouping may effectively increase the longitudinal emittance and particle losses. To avoid these negative effects, various regimes of adiabatic grouping have been simulated and dedicated experiments with a deuteron beam have been conducted at the Nuclotron machine. As a result, we are able to construct and optimize the beam-grouping equipment, which provides a capture efficiency near 100% either retaining or varying the harmonic multiplicity of the HF system.     

CSR纵向束团压缩腔研究

针对兰州重离子加速器冷却储存环的发展目标,为了满足高能量密度（涉及重离子驱动惯性约束核聚变新能源）等物理研究的需要, 使用三维电磁场计算程序MAFIA研究了一种新型的适用于CSR的纵向束团压缩腔。 此纵向束团压缩腔采用高磁导率软磁合金材料进行加载,相比于铁氧体加载的高频腔, 可以得到高的电场梯度。以250 MeV/u的238U72+离子为例进行了模拟计算, 得出了此纵向束团压缩腔的工作频率为1.15 MHz, 峰值工作电压为80 kV, 由两个1/4波长同轴谐振腔组成, 每个谐振腔峰值工作电压为40 kV,能够满足在CSR上进行纵向束团压缩的要求。 The scheme of longitudinal bunch compression cavity for the Cooling Storage Ring(CSR) is an important issue. Plasma physics experiments require high density heavy ion beam and short pulsed bunch, which can be produced by non adiabatic compression of bunch implemented by a fast compression with 90° rotation in the longitudinal phase space. The phase space rotation in fast compression is initiated by a fast jump of the RF voltage amplitude. For this purpose, the CSR longitudinal bunch compression cavity, loaded with FINEMET FT 1M is studied and simulated with MAFIA code. In this paper, the CSR longitudinal bunch compression cavity is simulated and the initial bunch length of 238U72+ with 250 MeV/u will be compressed from 200 ns to 50 ns. The construction and RF properties of the CSR longitudinal bunch compression cavity are simulated and calculated also with MAFIA code. The operation frequency of the cavity is 1.15 MHz with peak voltage of 80kV, and the cavity can be used to compress heavy ions in the CSR.     

Rhodotron型加速器粒子动力学研究

Rhodotron是一种新型的CW电子加速器,已经广泛应用于辐照加工的很多领域.本文利用Parmela程序研究其动力学特性,深入分析了束团的同步条件、相聚过程以及在CW工作状态下束团相遇碰撞等一系列纵向动力学问题;并详细探讨了空间电荷效应、横向聚焦过程的实现、初始参量对横向束流特性的影响等横向动力学问题.在上述研究基础上,计算出束流损失功率的分布,并比较了模拟计算结果与Rhodotron原型机的实际参数,两者的结果基本一致,由此证明了这种研究方法的可行性.     

Power coupler kick of the TRIUMF ICM capture cavities

The TRIUMF Injector CryoModule (ICM) adapted two superconducting single cavities as the capture section for the low injecting energy of 100 keV electrons. Coupler kick induced beam deflection and projected emittance growth are one of the prime concerns of the beam stability, especially at low energies. In low energy applications, the electron velocity changes rapidly inside the cavity, which makes the numerical analysis much more complicated. The commonly used theoretical formulas of the direct integral or the Panofsky- Wenzel theorem is not suitable for the kick calculation of β <1 electrons. Despite that, the above mentioned kick calculation method doesn't consider injecting electron energy, the beam offset due to the coupler kick may not be negligible because of the low injection energy even if the kick is optimized. Thus the beam dynamics code TRACK is used here for the simulation of the power coupler kick perturbation. The coupler kick can be compensated for by a judicious choice of the coupler position in successive cavities from upstream to downstream. The simulation shows that because of the adiabatic damping by the following superconducting 9-cell cavity, even for the worst orbit distortion case after two capture cavities, the kick is still acceptable at the exit of the ICM after reaching 10 MeV. This paper presents the analysis of the transverse kick and the projected emittance growth induced by the coupler for β <1 electrons. The simulated results of the TRIUMF ICM capture cavities are described and presented.     

Horizontal phase-space distortions arising from magnetic pulse compression of an intense,relativistic electron beam

We report detailed measurements of the transverse phase space distortions induced by magnetic chicane compression of a high brightness, relativistic electron beam to subpicosecond length. A strong bifurcation in the phase space is observed when the beam is strongly compressed. This effect is analyzed using several computational models and is correlated to the folding of longitudinal phase space. The impact of these results on current research in collective beam effects in bending systems and implications for future short wavelength free-electron lasers and linear colliders are discussed.     

Longitudinal phase-space coating of beam in a storage ring

In this Letter, I report on a novel scheme for beam stacking without any beam emittance dilution using a barrier rf system in synchrotrons. The general principle of the scheme called longitudinal phase-space coating, validation of the concept via multi-particle beam dynamics simulations applied to the Fermilab Recycler, and its experimental demonstration are presented. In addition, it has been shown and illustrated that the rf gymnastics involved in this scheme can be used in measuring the incoherent synchrotron tune spectrum of the beam in barrier buckets and in producing a clean hollow beam in longitudinal phase space. The method of beam stacking in synchrotrons presented here is the first of its kind.     

Nonlinear evolution equations for surface plasmons for nano-focusing at a Kerr/metallic interface and tapered waveguide

Maxwell's equations for a metallic and nonlinear Kerr interface waveguide at the nanoscale can be approximated to a (1+1) D Nonlinear Schrodinger type model equation (NLSE) with appropriate assumptions and approximations. Theoretically, without losses or perturbations spatial plasmon solitons profiles are easily produced. However, with losses, the amplitude or beam profile is no longer stationary and adiabatic parameters have to be considered to understand propagation. For this model, adiabatic parameters are calculated considering losses resulting in linear differential coupled integral equations with constant definite integral coefficients not dependent on the transverse and longitudinal coordinates. Furthermore, by considering another configuration, a waveguide that is an M–NL–M (metal–nonlinear Kerr–metal) that tapers, the tapering can balance the loss experienced at a non-tapered metal/nonlinear Kerr interface causing attenuation of the beam profile, so these spatial plasmon solitons can be produced. In this paper taking into consideration the (1+1)D NLSE model for a tapered waveguide, we derive a one soliton solution based on He's Semi-Inverse Variational Principle (HPV).