A state space force identification method based on Markov parameters precise computation and regularization technique

A time domain force identification approach for linear system is proposed. This approach can found a highly precise force identification model within the scope of general computer precision while it does not cost much computing time. Although the force identification model is accurate, the force identification process, like other inverse methods, is still ill-posed due to the inversion process and the white noise in measured structural responses. The singular value decomposition is used to reveal the intrinsically matter of the ill-posedness of force identification problem and a regularization technique is utilized to deal with this issue. Finally, the proposed method with the aid of regularization technique is successfully applied to identify the input forces in two numerical simulations.     

Moving force identification based on the frequency-time domain method

This paper addresses the problem on the identification of moving vehicle axle loads based on measured bridge responses using a frequency-time domain method. The focus is on the evaluation of two solutions to the overdetermined set of equations established as part of the identification method. The two solutions are (i) direct calculation of the pseudo-inverse and (ii) calculation of the pseudo-inverse via the singular value decomposition (SVD) technique. For this purpose, a bridge-vehicle system model was fabricated in the laboratory and the bending moment responses of bridge model were measured as a two-axle vehicle model moved across the bridge deck. The moving axle loads are then calculated from the measured responses via the two solutions to the over-determined set of equations. The effects of changes in the bridge-vehicle system, measurement and algorithm parameters on the two solutions are evaluated. Case studies show that the moving force identification is more feasible and its accuracy acceptable with the use of the SVD technique. This technique can effectively enhance the identification method and improve the identification accuracy over that of the direct pseudo-inverse solution.     

Modal identification based on continuous wavelet transform and ambient excitation tests

This paper deals with the use of the continuous wavelet transform for modal identification from ambient vibration tests. The wavelet analysis of the free responses of a linear mechanical system has been used to estimate its natural frequencies, viscous damping ratios, and mode shapes, using either the modulus or the phase of the wavelet transform with “ridge” and “skeleton” notions. This technique is extended in this paper, to the response from ambient excitation tests based on the equivalent formulation between the free response and the correlation function of a linear mechanical system under stationary stochastic excitation. The main novelties involve the new formulation of continuous wavelet transform and the use of the singular value decomposition algorithm for ridges and skeleton detection under the noisy conditions of ambient vibration tests. A complete procedure for modal identification of ambient response, including these new formulations, is presented and then applied to numerical examples and experimental test to illustrate its validity.     

架空及埋地多导体线缆对HEMP辐照的瞬态响应

针对瞬态电磁场辐照多导体电缆问题,首先介绍了一种用于计算架空及埋地线缆瞬态响应的高效时域宏模型。该模型基于传输线理论,利用广义特征线法和SPICE求解器中集成的模拟行为建模库,在时域内实现建模过程中涉及的频率相关参数和卷积计算。该方法适用性广泛,可同时用于架空及埋地线缆的场线耦合建模仿真;与现有时域有限差分法相比,不需要对时间和空间进行离散,以及对频率相关参数进行矢量匹配或数值逆傅里叶变换,因此可简化建模步骤,提高建模及仿真计算的效率;该宏模型计算效率不受线缆长度限制,适用于研究多导体长距离线缆。其次,在时域和频域分别研究了高空电磁脉冲(HEMP)的环境及特点。最后,利用算例验证了所提宏模型计算架空及埋地线缆响应的有效性,并利用该方法分别研究了架空地线对三相输电线路瞬态响应的影响以及埋地电力电缆金属护套在端接线性及非线性保护器件时对HEMP的瞬态响应。结果表明,宏模型法可在时域内高效地计算入射场耦合架空输电线及埋地电力电缆的瞬态响应,特别是对于带有非线性器件的长多导体线缆。     

基于Contourlet变换的自适应SAR图像相干斑噪声抑制算法

为了保持高岛分辨率合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像中的纹理结构,提出了一种基于BivaShrink模型的Contourlet 域SAR图像相干斑噪声抑制算法.联合当前层和父层的Contourlet系数,通过计算局部方差一致性范数和区域能量比,自适应地确定方差估计区域的形状和大小.从而对原始图像方差进行最优估计.实验结果表明,算法在噪声的去除和结构信息等细节的保持上均不同程度的优于小波BivaShrink去噪算法和Contourlet 阈值去噪算法,主观效果和数值指标都有较好改进.     

高频电磁干扰对传输线耦合全波建模方法

对于场线耦合问题,经典传输线理论不适用于求解高频电磁干扰辐照下传输线负载上的电压和电流响应。针对这一问题,首先介绍了一种基于天线理论和模拟行为建模（ABM）的时域全波建模方法。该方法利用Harrington矩量法将电流积分方程离散并推导得到宏模型时域表达式,然后利用ABM频域功能实现频变参数的傅里叶逆变换和时域卷积计算。利用电路求解器,该建模方法可直接求解任意结构传输线耦合的负载处瞬态响应;与传统全波算法相比,模型一旦建立便可应用于任意入射场和线性/非线性负载的情况,无需重复耗时地求解电流积分方程。该方法可简化全波算法求解过程,提高仿真计算效率,尤其便于在入射场和负载存在不确定参数时进行高效重复抽样计算以获得统计特性。然后以高频电磁干扰耦合有损大地上的双导体传输线为例,通过与数值电磁代码和传统传输线理论方法的求解结果对比,验证了所提宏模型的有效性以及传输线理论在解决场线耦合问题时的局限性。结果表明,基于全波方法构建的宏模型可在时域内高效准确地求解高频电磁干扰辐照下任意形状传输线负载上的瞬态响应。     

分析端接频变负载的多导体传输线FDTD新方法

提出了一种新的有效求解端接频变负载的时域有限差分法（FDTD）.该方法将频域导纳经矢量匹配后以有理式表示,通过逆傅里叶变换将其转换到时域,基于分段线性递归卷积法,推导出该导纳两端的电压和电流关系,将其代入到传输线FDTD模型中,得到了求解端接频变负载多导体（MTL）传输线FDTD的一般公式.对一典型电路进行了仿真,和以状态变量法求解任意负载的结果进行了对比,两者基本重合,说明该方法用来求解频变负载是有效的. 关键词： 多导体传输线 分段线性递归卷积 时域有限差分法 任意负载     

双多通道虹膜识别系统的研究

在双多通道虹膜识别系统中,研究了局部区域通道对识别率的影响,提出了双向式区域划分和通道数的优化。研究了小波滤波器通道对识别能力的影响和滤波器通道的选择,给出了引入小波包通道来提升识别率的新方法。通过对WED(Weighted Euclidean Distance)分类器的改进研究,提出了相对WED分类器的新概念,进一步提高了系统的识别能力。     

A sensitivity-based structural damage identification method with unknown input excitation using transmissibility concept

Unknown input excitation and local damages universally coexist in a practical situation. Therefore, in this paper a structural damage identification method based on the transmissibility concept in state space domain is proposed without the need for input measurements. On the basis of the transformation matrix which is computed using the system Markov parameters in state space, the relationship between two different sets of acceleration response measurements can be formulated under the same input excitation. A sensitivity-based model updating approach is applied to identify the local damages by minimizing the difference between the measured response and the reconstructed response. The sensitivity of the dynamic acceleration response with respect to the elemental stiffness factors is derived analytically in the state space domain, which accelerates the process of damage identification. A numerical cantilever beam is employed to validate that the variation of structural parameters induced by the local damages can be accurately and effectively identified without the input excitation information by the proposed method even with measurement noise considered. A laboratory test is further carried out to verify the proposed structural damage identification method based on the response reconstruction technique.     

光脉冲传输数值模拟的分步小波方法

从信号的多尺度小波分解和正交小波变换出发，将描述光学介质中脉冲传输的非线性薛定谔 方程（NLSE）表示为小波域中的分步算符形式，给出了分步小波算法的迭代公式，导出了线 性算符在小波域中的具体表式，并讨论微分算符的矩阵结构.作为一个例子，用分步小波方 法（SSWM）解NLSE，给出了超短高斯脉冲在光纤中线性和非线性传输的波形演化，并与解析 解和分步傅里叶方法的结果作了比较.结果表明，分步小波方法是研究脉冲在光学介质中传 输的一种有效的数值计算方法. 关键词： 分步小波方法 光脉冲传输 非线性薛定谔方程 多尺度小波分解     

Damage identification in plates using finite element model updating in time domain

A response sensitivity-based approach is presented for identifying the local damages in isotropic plate structures from the measured structural dynamic responses. The local damage is simulated by a reduction in the elemental Young's modulus of the plate. In the forward analysis, the forced vibration responses of the plate under external force are obtained from Newmark direct integration. In the inverse analysis, a response sensitivity-based finite element model updating approach is used to identify local damages of the plate in time domain. The damage identification results are obtained iteratively with the penalty function method with Tikhonov regularization using the measured structural dynamic responses. Two numerical examples are investigated to illustrate the correctness and efficiency of the proposed method. Both single damage and multiple damages cases are studied. The effects of measurement noise and measurement point on the identification results are investigated. Studies in this paper indicate that the proposed method is efficient and robust for both single and multiple damages for plate structures. Good identified results can be obtained from the short time histories of a few number of measurement points.     

Damage localization in linear-form structures based on sensitivity investigation for principal component analysis

This paper addresses the problem of damage detection and localization in linear-form structures. Principal component analysis (PCA) is a popular technique for dynamic system investigation. The aim of the paper is to present a damage diagnosis method based on sensitivities of PCA results in the frequency domain. Starting from frequency response functions (FRFs) measured at different locations on the structure; PCA is performed to determine the main features of the signals. Sensitivities of principal directions obtained from PCA to structural parameters are then computed and inspected according to the location of sensors; their variation from the healthy state to the damaged state indicates damage locations. It is worth noting that damage localization is performed without the need of modal identification. Influences of some features as noise, choice of parameter and number of sensors are discussed. The efficiency and limitations of the proposed method are illustrated using numerical and real-world examples.     

Sliding window proper orthogonal decomposition: Application to linear and nonlinear modal identification

The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) method is a tool well adapted to analyze vector signals whereas Continuous Gabor Transform (CGT) is suitable for scalar signal with multi-frequency components. In this paper, a method named Sliding Window Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (SWPOD) combining POD and CGT to analyze Multi-Degrees-Of-Freedom (MDOF) vibration system responses is presented. SWPOD gives access to the evolution of the coherent spacial structures and their frequency components versus time. The method is of principal interest in the case of swept-sine excitation of linear or nonlinear systems to access the resonance frequencies, mode shapes and modal damping ratios. A procedure is proposed to extract the linear and nonlinear normal modes of weakly damped MDOF mechanical systems and illustrated using numerical examples.     

Domain decomposition solution of nonlinear two-dimensional parabolic problems by random trees

A domain decomposition method is developed for the numerical solution of nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations in any space dimension, based on the probabilistic representation of solutions as an average of suitable multiplicative functionals. Such a direct probabilistic representation requires generating a number of random trees, whose role is that of the realizations of stochastic processes used in the linear problems. First, only few values of the sought solution inside the space-time domain are computed (by a Monte Carlo method on the trees). An interpolation is then carried out, in order to approximate interfacial values of the solution inside the domain. Thus, a fully decoupled set of sub-problems is obtained. The algorithm is suited to massively parallel implementation, enjoying arbitrary scalability and fault tolerance properties. Pruning the trees is shown to increase appreciably the efficiency of the algorithm. Numerical examples conducted in 2D, including some for the KPP equation, are given.     

应用于非线性热传导方程的格子玻尔兹曼方法

将格子玻尔兹曼方法应用于非线性热传导方程的求解,详细推导一种新的Lattice Boltzmann模型,并给出新方法所对应的多尺度方案和宏观量形式.导热系数与温度之间满足多项式函数关系,计算中模拟了不同的参数情况,并与线性热传导方程的理论解进行比较.新的Lattice Boltzmann方法展现出极大的灵活性和普适性,具有很好的应用前景.     

On the orthogonalised reverse path method for nonlinear system identification

The problem of obtaining the underlying linear dynamic compliance matrix in the presence of nonlinearities in a general multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) system can be solved using the conditioned reverse path (CRP) method introduced by Richards and Singh (1998 Journal of Sound and Vibration, 213(4): pp. 673–708). The CRP method also provides a means of identifying the coefficients of any nonlinear terms which can be specified a priori in the candidate equations of motion. Although the CRP has proved extremely useful in the context of nonlinear system identification, it has a number of small issues associated with it. One of these issues is the fact that the nonlinear coefficients are actually returned in the form of spectra which need to be averaged over frequency in order to generate parameter estimates. The parameter spectra are typically polluted by artefacts from the identification of the underlying linear system which manifest themselves at the resonance and anti-resonance frequencies. A further problem is associated with the fact that the parameter estimates are extracted in a recursive fashion which leads to an accumulation of errors. The first minor objective of this paper is to suggest ways to alleviate these problems without major modification to the algorithm. The results are demonstrated on numerically-simulated responses from MDOF systems. In the second part of the paper, a more radical suggestion is made, to replace the conditioned spectral analysis (which is the basis of the CRP method) with an alternative time domain decorrelation method. The suggested approach – the orthogonalised reverse path (ORP) method – is illustrated here using data from simulated single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) and MDOF systems.     

基于指数加权-核在线序列极限学习机的混沌系统动态重构研究

利用指数加权在线核序列极限学习机(exponential weighted online sequential extreme learning machine with kernel, EW-KOSELM)辨识算法,开展了针对混沌动力学系统的动态重构研究. EW-KOSELM算法将核递归最小二乘(kernel recursive least squares, KRLS)算法直接延伸至在线ELM (extreme learning machine)框架中,通过引入遗忘因子削弱了旧数据的影响,并基于"固定预算(fixed-budget, FB)"内存技术,应对在线核学习算法所固有的规模不断增长的计算困难.将所提辨识算法应用于Duffing-Ueda振子的混沌动力学系统数值仿真实例中,对基于FB-EW-KOSELM的辨识模型与原系统的动态性能进行了定性与定量的分析校验,定性校验准则是基于对比辨识模型与原系统吸引子(轨迹嵌入)、庞加莱映射、分岔图、极限环完成的,定量校验准则包括对比辨识模型与原系统的李雅普诺夫指数与关联维.进一步将其分别应用于来自测量蔡氏电路产生双涡卷吸引子与螺旋吸引子的实测数据实验及某一实际混沌电路所产生的时间序列中,对于具有低信噪比的实测电压或电流数据还需进行了小波降噪预处理.通过分析辨识模型重构吸引子,实验结果表明,FB-EW-KOSELM算法具有良好的动态重构性能,能精确地再生出展示混沌动态行为的过程非线性模型,且具有与原混沌系统非常接近的动态不变性指标.     

去除乘性噪音的主成分分析算法

雷达成像系统的进一步应用依赖于对图像中噪音的有效抑制.在目前现有消除噪音方法的基础上,基于图像的局部相似性,结合主成分分析法,提出一种新的有效去除乘性噪音的滤波算法.乘性噪音经对数变换后可转化为加性噪音处理.分析了对数域中噪音的类型.首先在图像的对数域,通过非局部方法选取局部相似块作为训练样本,利用主成分分析法提取出信号的主要特征.然后基于统计理论中最小均方误差估计法给出了一种适用于图像信息的阈值原则.最后分析了变换过程引起的偏差,由对数域的偏估计得到滤波图像.数值实验验证了新算法的有效性.对比于目前提出的变分方法,新算法处理后的图像有更高的信噪比和更好的视觉效果,且具有一定的实用性.     

Delay-independent absolute stability for time-delay Lur''e systems with sector and slope restricted nonlinearities

This Letter presents an analysis method for a delay-independent absolute stability of time-delay Lur'e systems with sector and slope restrictions. The proposed method is based on the Lyapunov functions with quadratic form of states and nonlinear functions of the systems. Several criteria are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A numerical example is illustrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Color image encoding in dual fractional Fourier-wavelet domain with random phases

A new cryptology in dual fractional Fourier-wavelet domain is proposed in this paper, which is calculated by discrete fractional Fourier transform and wavelet decomposition. Different random phases are used in different wavelet subbands in encryption. A new color image encoding method is also presented with basic color decomposition and encryption respectively. All the keys, including random phases and fractional orders in R, G and B three channels, should be correctly used in decryption, otherwise people cannot obtain the totally correct information. Some numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the possibility of the method. It would have widely potential applications in digital color image processing and protection.