磷酸根与磷酸基水化作用之比较—红外光谱研究

本文运用傅立叶变换红外光谱，对水／ＮａＤＥＨＰ／正庚烷反胶束体系中的磷酸根及磷酸三丁酯－水体系中磷酸基的水化作用进行了研究。     

Photochromism of dihydroindolizines part X. Photo‐responsive self‐assembling organogelators based on photochromic dihydroindolizines and 11‐aminoundecanoic acid (AUDA)

Multi‐addressable photophysical properties of new synthesized photochromic materials based on photochromic dihydroindolizine system (DHI) covalently linked to N‐acyl‐11 aminoundecanoic acid (AUDA) or to its sodium salt or to its ester, through an amidic or urethane linkage have been studied. The DHI skeleton in these compounds is substituted in both the fluorene part (region A) or in the heterocyclic base (region B) with the gelling moieties. These molecules have been designed to respond to their environment. Interestingly, they are shown to act as efficient gelators for polar organic fluids, water and obviously they exhibit a thermosensitive answer as low molecular mass organogelators. In these fluids, the aggregative properties are totally suppressed upon conversion to neutral carboxylic species. The gels of these carboxylate sodium salts are shown to be markedly affected by light irradiation. Supramolecular gelating assemblies can be disrupted by the photoinduced ring opening of the DHI subunit, so that the macroscopic flowing property is recovered. Upon a further thermal treatment, the system is reversibly converted back to the supramolecular network. Controlled gelation could be achieved using temperature, light, or acidity as external stimuli. These new synthesized photochromic gels with their multi‐addressable properties will find their applications as super photoresponsive materials. Developing and tuning of the photophysical properties of the synthesized compounds by the amide and urethane substituents in the 4‐position of the fluorene and pyridazine regions have been achieved. The absorption maxima (λ_max) and the half‐lives (t_1/2) of the colored betaines were detected in all cases using UV/VIS spectrophotometric measurements. Irradiation of DHI 12‐20 in CH₂Cl₂ or in acetonitrile solutions at ambient temperature with polychromatic light leads to the formation of red to red‐violet colored betaines 12 ′ ‐20 ′. The kinetics of the bleaching process of betaines 12 ′ ‐20 ′ to DHIs 12‐20 were found to take place in the second range (96‐218 s) and fit well the first order thermal back reaction. Some of these DHIs showed a photostability higher than that of the standard one. These interesting photophysical properties will help this family of compounds to find useful applications. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of particles on sonochemical reactions in aqueous solutions

Numerous publications deal with the possible application of ultrasound for elimination of organic pollutants as a tool for water pollution abatement. Most of the experiments were performed in pure water under laboratory conditions. For developing technologies that hold promise it is necessary to investigate the effect of ultrasound in natural systems or waste water where particulate matter could play an important role. In this paper the influence of quartz particles (2-25 microm) on the chemical effects of ultrasound in aqueous system using a high power ultrasound generator (68-1028 kHz, 100 W, reactor volume 500 ml) is reported. In pure water in dependence on particle size, concentration and frequency the formation rate of hydrogen peroxide under Ar/O2 (4:1) shows a maximum using 206 kHz in presence of 3-5 microm quartz particles (4-8 g/l). Under these conditions the yield of peroxide is higher than without quartz. Additionally under N2/O2 (4:1) besides hydrogen peroxide the formation of nitrite/nitrate was measured. Compared to pure water quartz particle depressed the formation of nitrite/nitrate up to 10-fold but not the formation of H2O2. According to the results of H2O2 formation the elimination of organic compounds by sonolysis (206 kHz) and the influence of quartz particles were investigated. As organic compounds salicylic acid, 2-chlorobenzoic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid were used. The influence of quartz on the oxidation of organic compounds (206 kHz) is similar to that on the formation of H2O2.     

NiFe_2O_4纳米粉末的制备及磁性研究

以硝酸铁、硝酸镍以及柠檬酸为原料,采用凝胶-热分解法制备了N iFe2O4纳米粉末。利用X射线衍射确定了粉体的相结构、比表面积和晶格常数,扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了颗粒的形貌,振动样品磁强计(VSM)测量样品的磁性能。结果表明:所制备的样品均为尖晶石结构,颗粒粒径为36nm~68nm,且颗粒的粒径随着热处理温度的升高而增大,样品的比饱和磁化强度最大可达54.63 emu/g。同时,文章也对反应的动力学原理进行了研究,得出N iFe2O4纳米颗粒形成的活化能为15.8kJ/mol。     

Ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy of a β‐sheet peptide: a model for membrane protein folding

The partitioning of a hydrophobic hexapeptide, N‐acetyl‐tryptophan‐pentaleucine (AcWL5), into self‐associated β‐sheets within a vesicle membrane was studied as a model for integral membrane protein folding and insertion via vibrational and electronic spectroscopy. Ultraviolet resonance Raman spectroscopy allows selective examination of the structures of amino acid side chains and the peptide backbone and provides information about local environment and molecular conformation. The secondary structure of AcWL5 within a vesicle membrane was investigated using 207.5‐nm excitation and found to consist of β‐sheets, in agreement with previous studies. The β‐sheet peptide shows enhanced Raman scattering cross‐sections for all amide modes as well as extensive hydrogen‐bonding networks. Tryptophan vibrational structure was probed using 230‐nm excitation. Increases in Raman cross‐sections of tryptophan modes W1, W3, W7, W10, W16, W17, and W18 of membrane‐incorporated AcWL5 are primarily attributed to greater resonance enhancement with the B_b electronic transition. The W17 mode, however, undergoes a much greater enhancement than is expected for a simple resonance effect, and this observation is discussed in terms of hydrogen bonding of the indole ring in a hydrophobic environment. The observed tryptophan mode frequencies and intensities overall support a hydrophobic environment for the indole ring within a vesicle, and these results have implications for the location of tryptophan in membrane protein systems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高温高压下NaCl-CaCl2-H2O体系Raman光谱的定量研究

三元体系NaCl-CaCl₂-H₂O是一种重要的天然水-盐体系。然而,研究人员在过去只研究了低温下该体系的相变,但在高温高压条件下拉曼位移和物理参数之间的定量关系却并没有被报道。利用利用热液金刚石压腔(HDAC)和石英压标,对高温高压下三元体系NaCl-CaCl₂-H₂O的拉曼光谱特征进行了系统的研究,并获得了水的O—H伸缩振动谱带的拉曼位移、溶质质量分数和压力之间的定量关系。其中盐的质量分数相等(NaCl与CaCl₂),分别为4.0 mass％,8.0 mass％和12.0 mass％。实验结果表明,当盐的质量分数和体系的压力保持不变时,O—H伸缩振动的标准拉曼位移差(Δν_(O—H))伴随着温度的升高而增大。当温度和压力恒定时,Δν_(O—H)随盐的质量分数的增加而增大。对于这个三元体系,其Δν_(O—H)与压力近似为线性关系,且不同盐度条件下的关系斜率相近。Δν_(O—H)与温度(T)、压力(P)、溶质质量分数(M)之间的定量关系为P＝-31.892Δν_(O—H)+10.131T+222.816M-3 183.567,其中该方程的有效PTM范围为200 MPa≤P≤1 700 MPa, 273 K≤T≤539 K 以及M≤12 mass%。该公式可以用来作为地质压力计,用于研究等盐度条件下在NaCl-CaCl₂-H₂O体系流体包裹体。该方法作为一种直观的地质探测技术,具有潜在的应用价值。     

Quantifying cooperativity in water clusters: an attempt towards obtaining a generalised equation

The current study describes the development of a general equation of cooperativity energy (CE) for an n-mer system based on the difference between interaction energy of the system and the sum of interaction energy of its dimeric subunits. The counterpoise corrected generalised CE equation of n-mer system has also been developed. In order to validate these two generalised equations, we have considered four different kinds of water clusters, viz. W1D, W2D, W2D-H and W3D, ((H₂O)_n: n = 3–10), with the increasing cluster size as well as changing arrangements. The CE obtained from the two generalised equations follow the trend W3D > W2D-H > W2D > W1D. The deviation at n = 6 for W3D clusters in the plot of CE with cluster size has also been observed for O–H stretching frequencies, electron density and the Laplacian of the electron density plots. The contrastingly higher CE for cyclic pentamer compared to hexamer is in accordance with earlier observations as well as computed average hydrogen bond lengths. We have observed that the average charge value is more on oxygen atoms of pentamer than hexamer resulting in the shortening of hydrogen bond in pentamer and hence the CE values are more for pentamer than hexamer. We have shown that CE has the capability to quantify the cooperativity effect in water clusters.     

Surface segregation during the uptake of NO3 on coatings composed of NaI · 2H2O/NaBr · 2H2O and MgBr2 · 6H2O/MgCl2 · 6H2O binary salts: Solubility or deliquescence?

The uptake of NO₃ radicals on the surface of coatings prepared from the individual salts of NaI and NaBr dehydrates, hexahydrates of MgBr₂, and MgCl₂ and NaI · 2H₂O/NaBr · 2H₂O and MgBr₂ · 6H₂O/MgCl₂ · 6H₂O binary salts at various mole fractions of the doping salts, NaI · 2H₂O and MgBr₂ · 6H₂O in the initial aqueous solution was measured in a flow reactor by kinetic mass spectrometry. The dependences of the rates of the consumption of the reactant and of the formation of the products on the mole fraction of the doping salt made it possible to determine a quantitative relationship between the surface density of the doping salt and its mole fraction in the initial solution. A joint analysis of these dependences and the previously obtained data led to the conclusion that the deliquescence of the studied individual salts produces the predominant effect on the ratio between their surface densities.     

三种具有Keggin结构的硅钨氧簇化合物的光谱研究

合成了三种具有Keggin结构的硅钨氧簇化合物：K₃H[SiWⅥ₁₂O₄₀]·3H₂O(Ⅰ),(H₃O)₄[H₃SiWⅥ₉WⅤ₃O₄₀]·2H₂O(Ⅱ)和[(CH₃)₄N]₄[SiWⅥ₁₂O₄₀]·4.5 H₂O(Ⅲ),用FTIR,NIR FT-Raman,UV-Vis和荧光光谱等研究手段进行了光谱研究,探讨其结构与性能的关系。在这些化合物中, 阴离子相同或类似,具有孤立的[SiW₁₂O₄₀]簇骼基元,通过静电作用和弱的氢键与阳离子及水相连。它们的FTIR和NIR FT-Raman光谱研究表明：硅钨酸盐的特征振动频率与其结构相关,由于化合物Ⅱ中的部分W6+已被还原成W5+,使ν_as(WO_d)振动频率降低,且簇阴离子电荷大小也明显地对ν_as(W—O_c—W),ν_as(Si—O_a),δ(O_a—Si—O_a)等产生影响;化合物Ⅰ和Ⅱ的UV-Vis光谱显示,在200和250 nm左右有紫外吸收谱带;化合物Ⅰ的稳态荧光光谱观察到分别以220,350和440 nm激发时,相应在350,440和520及675 nm左右产生一个或两个发射峰。     

Scavenging of OH(*) radicals produced from H(2)O sonolysis with nitrate ions

The scavenging of OH(?) radicals formed during H(2)O sonolysis with nitrate-ions was studied in HNO(3)/NaNO(3) mixture at the constant NO(3)(-) ions concentration ([HNO(3)]+[NaNO(3)])=1 M in Ar atmosphere. Small amounts of N(2)H(5)NO(3) was added to solutions to avoid HNO(2) accumulation due to HNO(3) sonolysis. It was shown that the increase of [H(+)] causes the increase of H(2)O(2) formation rate (W(H(2)O(2)). (W(H(2)O(2)) values reach the plateau at [HNO(3)] approximately 1 M. The (W(H(2)O(2)) ratio in solution with [H(+)]=1 M and pure water was found to be equal to 2.4+/-0.4. It was assumed that (W(H(2)O(2)) increase in nitric acid medium is related to the changing of H(2)O(2) formation mechanism. In pure water H(2)O(2) is formed due to the OH(*) radicals recombination. In HNO(3)+NaNO(3) mixture the mechanism of H(2)O(2) formation consists in conversion of OH(*) radicals to NO(3)(*) radicals followed by NO(3)(*) radicals hydrolysis. Results obtained show that OH(*) radicals recombination mainly occurs in the liquid phase surrounding the cavitating bubble.     

Isotope effect in hydrogen peroxide formation during H2O and D2O sonication

The kinetics of hydrogen peroxide formation have been studied during H2O and D2O sonication in the presence of argon and oxygen (f = 22 kHz, I = 3.0 W cm-2, Pac = 0.52 W ml-1, V = 20 ml, T = 20 degrees C). It was found that the sonochemical reaction rate W has a zero order with respect to hydrogen peroxide (H2O, D2O or DHO2) concentration. In argon atmosphere the kinetic isotope effect was found to be equal to alpha = WH2O/WD2O = 2.2 +/- 0.3. The alpha value decreases in H2O-D2O mixtures with increasing H2O concentration. In oxygen atmosphere the isotope effect is not observed (alpha = 1.05 +/- 0.10). It is assumed that the revealed isotope effect is related to the mechanism of water sonolysis including the H2O-Ar* and D2O-Ar* energy transition, where Ar* is an argon atom in an excited state, in nonequilibrium plasma generated by the shock-wave.     

非离子型微乳液对导数分光光度法测定微量铁的增敏作用

与胶束介质比较,非离子型Ｏ／Ｗ微乳液Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ Ｘ－１００／ｎ－Ｃ５Ｈ１１ＯＨ／ｎ－Ｃ９Ｈ２０／Ｈ２Ｏ对以磺基水杨酸为显色剂三阶导数分光光度法测定微量铁有更好的增敏作用。在ｐＨ４－６的六次甲基四胺－盐酸介质中,铁－磺基水杨酸配合物的最大吸收工λｍａｘ为２４９ｎｍ,微乳液介质中的测定灵敏度比胶束介质中提高近一倍。     

Theoretical and experimental investigation on structural and electronic properties of Al/O/Al,O-doped WS2

Effects of the doping atom (O, Al, and (Al, O)) on structural and electronic properties of the monolayer WS₂ have been studied by using first-principles calculations. Results show that the covalent character of W–S bonding has been enhanced after doping. Meanwhile, W–O, Al–S and W–S bonds of (Al, O) co-doped WS₂ monolayer have higher covalent character compared with O-doped and Al-doped WS₂ monolayer of this work. After doping with Al (or Al, O) atoms, Fermi level moves close to the valence band and the dopant atoms produce the defect energy levels, indicating that Al doped and (Al, O) co-doped WS₂ monolayer both have p-type conductivity. O-doped and (Al, O) co-doped WS₂ ultrathin films was prepared on Si substrates. Results of Raman spectra show the formation of the O-doped and (Al, O) co-doped WS₂ films. Moreover, compared with the pure WS₂, the approximate reduction of 0.43 eV and 0.46 eV for W 4f and S 2p in binding energy after (Al, O) co-doped shows that p-type doping of (Al, O) co-doped WS₂ has been verified.     

Study on ultrasonically assisted emulsification and recovery of copper(II) from wastewater using an emulsion liquid membrane process

The aim of this work was to study the emulsification assisted by ultrasonic probe (22.5 kHz) and investigate the removal of copper(II) ions from aqueous solution using water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion liquid membrane process (ELM). The membrane was prepared by dissolving the extractant bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and the hydrophobic surfactant sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) in hexane (diluent). The internal phase consisted of an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. Effects of operating parameters such as emulsification time, ultrasonic power, probe position, stirring speed, carrier (D2EHPA) and surfactant (Span 80) concentrations volume ratios of organic phase to internal striping phase and of external aqueous phase to membrane (W/O) phase, internal phase concentration and choice of diluent on the membrane stability were studied. With ultrasound, the W/O emulsion lifetime were much higher than those reported previously by mechanical agitation. The effect of carrier and Cu(II) initial concentration on the extraction kinetics was also investigated. Nearly all of the Cu(II) ions present in the continuous phase was extracted within a few minutes. Additionally, the influence of H₂SO₄ concentration on the stripping efficiency was examined.     

UV resonance Raman study of cation–π interactions in an indole crown ether

UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy is used to probe changes in vibrational structure associated with cation–π interactions for the most prevalent amino acid π–donor, tryptophan. The model compound studied here is a diaza crown ether with two indole substituents. In the presence of sodium or potassium sequestered in the crown ether, or a protonated diaza group on the compound, the indole moieties participate in a cation–π interaction in which the pyrrolo group acts as the primary π‐donor. Systematic shifts in relative intensity in the 760–780 cm⁻¹ region are observed upon formation of this cation–π interaction; we propose that these modifications reflect shifts of the delocalized, ring‐breathing W18 and hydrogen‐out‐of‐plane (HOOP) vibrational modes in this spectral region. The observed changes are attributed to perturbations of the π‐electron density as well as of normal modes that involve large displacement of the hydrogen atom on the C2 position of the pyrrole ring. Modest variations in the UVRR spectra for the three complexes studied here are correlated to differences in cation–π strength. Specifically, the UVRR spectrum of the sodium‐bound complex differs from those of the potassium‐bound or protonated‐diaza complexes, and may reflect the observation that the C2 hydrogen atom in the sodium‐bound complex exhibits the greatest perturbation relative to the other species. Normal modes sensitive to hydrogen‐bonding, such as the tryptophan W10, W9, and W8 modes, also undergo shifts in the presence of the salts. These shifts reflect the strength of interaction of the indole N H group with the iodide or hexafluorophosphate counteranion. The current observation that the W18 and HOOP normal mode regions of the indole crown ether compound are sensitive to cation–pyrrolo π interactions suggests that this region may provide reliable spectroscopic evidence of these important interactions in proteins. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Study of the influence of the acrylic acid plasma parameters on silicon and polyurethane substrates using XPS and AFM

XPS and AFM have been used to investigate surface modifications produced by acrylic acid (AA) vapor plasma treatment of silicon (Si)(1 0 0) substrates and polyurethanes (PUs) membranes. XPS analyses of Si and PUs treated substrates at low plasma power (5-20 W) revealed the formation of a thin film on the surfaces, which chemically resembles the poly(acrylic acid) film conventionally synthesised. No signal of the Si substrate could be seen under these low plasma power applications on silicon. However, when the plasma power is higher than 30 W one can clearly see XPS silicon signatures. AFM measurements of silicon substrates treated with AA plasma at low power (5-20 W) showed the formation of a thin polymer film of about 220-55 nm thickness. Further, applications of high plasma power (30-100 W) displayed a marked difference from low plasma modifications and it was found sputtering of the silicon substrate. Pervaporation results of AA plasma treated PUs membranes revealed that the selectivity for the separation of methanol from methyl-t-butyl ether is higher at 100 W and 1 min treatment time, than the other conditions studied. This last finding is discussed concerning the surface modifications produced on plasma treated silicon substrates and PU membranes.     

Electron stimulated desorption of CO from Pd1/W(110)

The electron impact behavior of CO adsorbed on Pd₁/W(110) was investigated. The desorption products observed were neutral CO, CO⁺, and O⁺. After massive electron impact residual carbon, C/W = 0.15, but not oxygen was also found, suggesting that energetic neutral O, not detected in a mass analyzer must also have been formed. Formation of β-CO, i.e., dissociated CO with C and O on the surface was not seen. The total disappearance cross section varies only slightly with coverage, ranging from 9 × 10 ⁻¹⁸ cm² at low to 5 × 10⁻¹⁸ cm² at saturation (CO/W = 0.75). The cross section for CO⁺ formation varies from 4 × 10⁻²² cm² at satura to 2 × 10⁻²¹ cm² at low coverage. That for O⁺ formation is 1.4 × 10⁻²² cm² at saturation and 2 × 10⁻²¹ cm² Threshold energies are similar to those found previously [J.C. Lin and R. Gomer, Surf. Sci. 218 (1989) 406] for CO/W(110) and CO/Cu₁/W(110) which suggests similar mechanisms for product formation, with the exception of β-CO on clean W(110). It is argued that the absence or presence of β-CO in ESD hinges on its formation or absence in thermal desorption, since electron impact is likely to present the surface with vibrationally and rotationally activated CO in all cases; β-CO formation only occurs on surfaces which can dissociate such CO. It was also found that ESD of CO led to a work function increase of the remaining Pd₁/W(110) surface of 500 meV, which could be annealed out only at 900 K. This is attributed to surface roughness, caused by recoil momentum of energetic desorbing entities.     

Solid-gas reactions of complex oxides inside an environmental high-resolution transmission electron microscope

In a gas reaction cell (GRC), installed in a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) (JEOL 4000EX), samples can be manipulated in an ambient atmosphere (p<50mbar). This experimental setup permits not only the observation of solid-gas reactions in situ at close to the atomic level but also the induction of structural modifications under the influence of a plasma, generated by the ionization of gas particles by an intense electron beam. Solid state reactions of non-stoichiometric niobium oxides and niobium tungsten oxides with different gases (O2, H2 and He) have been carried out inside this controlled environment transmission electron microscope (CETEM), and this has led to reaction products with novel structures which are not accessible by conventional solid state synthesis methods.Monoclinic and orthorhombic Nb(12)O(29) crystallize in block structures comprising [3x4] blocks. The oxidation of the monoclinic phase occurs via a three step mechanism: firstly, a lamellar defect of composition Nb(11)O(27) is formed. Empty rectangular channels in this defect provide the diffusion paths in the subsequent oxidation. In the second step, microdomains of the Nb(22)O(54) phase are generated as an intermediate state of the oxidation process. The structure of the final product Nb(10)O(25), which consists of [3x3] blocks and tetrahedral coordinated sites, is isostructural to PNb(9)O(25). Microdomains of this apparently metastable phase appear as a product of the Nb(22)O(54) oxidation. The oxidation reaction of Nb(12)O(29) was found to be a reversible process: the reduction of the oxidation product with H(2) results in the formation of the starting Nb(12)O(29) structure. On the other hand, the block structure of Nb(12)O(29) has been destroyed by a direct treatment of the sample with H(2) while NbO in a cubic rock salt structure is produced.This in situ technique has also been applied to niobium tungsten oxides which constitute the solid solution series Nb(8-n)W9(+n)O47 with 0< or =n< or =4. All of these phases crystallize in the threefold tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) superstructure of Nb(8)W(9)O(47) (n=0). In the main reaction, these phases decompose in a gas plasma (O2, H2 or He, p=20mbar) into WO(3-x), which evaporates and solidifies again near the irradiated crystallite, and (Nb,W)(24)O(64), which crystallizes in a 2a superstructure of the TTB type observed here for the first time in the system Nb-W-O. Nb(8)W(9)O(47), Nb(7)W(10)O(47) and Nb(6)W(11)O(47) always react in this way, independent of the applied gas. On the other hand, the treatment of Nb(5)W(12)O(47) (n=3) and Nb(4)W(13)O(47) (n=4) in an oxygen atmosphere often caused a different reaction: these phases have been oxidized and a heavily disordered bronze-type structure has been formed. The oxygen excess in these products is largely accommodated in segregated domains of WO(3).     

Sono-oxidation treatment of humic substances in drinking water.

Currently humic substances are removed from the raw water prior to chlorination by the conventional coagulation and filtration method using aluminium sulphate. Application of high-intensity (> 10 W/cm2) ultrasonic irradiation in conjunction with oxidative process using commercial oxidants H2O2 was investigated as an alternative. Sono-oxidation and sonodegradation of natural and synthetic humic substances have been followed over time by measuring total organic carbon (TOC) and absorbance by ultraviolet spectrometer (UV-VIS). It took approximately 60 min to reduce TOC by half and to have a complete degradation of humic acid.     

基于W_(18)O_(49)纳米线的以Al~(3+)、Na~+、H~+为插入离子的电化学行为研究

基于水热法醇解WCl_6得到W_(18)O_(49)纳米线的原理,采用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜和拉曼光谱仪对制备出的W_(18)O_(49)纳米线和纳米薄膜进行物相、形貌表征和分析.最后,对W_(18)O_(49)纳米线在H_2SO_4、HCl、NaCl和AlCl_3四种水相电解质中进行循环伏安曲线表征和电化学行为表征.结果表明:虽然传统上认为三价离子很难在宿主结构(W_(18)O_(49)纳米线)中插入与脱出,但通过W_(18)O_(49)在水相电解质中的实验显示,与Na~+、H~+的插入与脱出相比,Al~(3+)较为容易,说明Al~(3+)离子电解质具有良好的可逆性和循环稳定性,在电致变色领域中具有一定可行性.