新型高性能激光光声光谱球形光声池：理论和实验研究

从理论上讨论了球形光声池共振模式的声学特征，计算表明，与常用的圆柱形光声池比较，球形光声池具有更高的Ｑ值；利用球形光声池和钛宝石激光器的光声光谱仪，从实验上测量了球形光声池的共振模式，与理论计算结果一致；该球形光声池的声学Ｑ值达到５９０，明显高于圆柱形池的结果；利用该装置成功地记录了Ｃ２Ｈ２ １２７５０ｃｍ＾－１附近的一段弱谱带，与本实验室高灵敏的激光腔内吸收光谱仪（ＩＣＬＡＳ）得到的结果相比，具     

基于共振型高灵敏度光声光谱技术探测痕量乙炔气体浓度

乙炔气体作为判断变压器运行状态的一种故障气体,其浓度的高低反映了变压器的运行状况,因此对其浓度的探测在变压器的维护中具有重要意义。为了准确探测变压器运行过程中产生的乙炔气体浓度,为变压器的维护提供技术参数,针对基于DFB激光器的共振型光声光谱技术痕量乙炔气体检测技术开展研究,对传统的光声光谱探测系统进行改进。根据光声光谱技术的理论可知,光声信号的强度与入射激光的功率成正比,所以在光声池的出射窗口采用一个平面反射镜将红外光再次反射到光声池中以增加入射光功率,增强光声信号强度,进一步提高了光声系统的探测灵敏度。通过一定浓度的乙炔气体在不同调制频率和不同调制深度下光声信号强度的变化,确定光声探测系统的最佳调制频率和最佳调制深度为767 Hz和0.3 mV。利用不同浓度乙炔气体对系统进行标定,然后采用最小二乘法对光声信号与气体浓度进行拟合,二者具有很好的线性度。通过Allan方差计算可知,系统在平均时间达到200 s时,能够达到最低探测极限浓度。实验表明,在一个大气压下,积分时间为10 ms时,改进后的共振型光声光谱探测系统对乙炔气体的最低探测极限浓度达到了0.3 μL·L-1。还将小波去噪技术引入到低浓度下乙炔气体的光声信号处理中,有效消除了低浓度气体光声信号中的噪声,提高了信噪比。设计的共振型光声光谱探测系统操作简单,最低探测浓度符合国标中对变压器维护过程中对乙炔气体的探测需求,在变压器维护领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

光声信号的双谱分析方法研究

基于光声效应的光声光谱技术是光学与声学的有机结合, 可利用不同波长的入射光波, 产生不同的光声信号, 从而为组分识别、组织无损检测等提供高对比度图像, 是一种极具潜力的新型医学诊断技术.但光声光谱检测技术由于受检测方法的制约, 往往扫描时间较长, 而且信号的稳定性和图像识别的准确性也较差. 为了弥补单一光声光谱分析的局限性, 根据光声效应原理和振动理论, 提出了一种光声光谱与光声频谱相结合的双谱分析方法. 该方法通过光声频域信息的定量分析, 可以有效地提高不同组织的光声图像对比度, 从而提高光声成像的组分识别能力, 为光声频谱功能成像奠定理论基础. 实验结果显示, 光声光谱与光声频谱相结合的双谱分析方法可以较好地识别实验组织样品, 可实现高速、高分辨率的组分识别、组织探伤等, 具有广泛的应用前景和重要的临床诊断意义. 关键词： 光声成像 光声光谱分析 光声频谱分析     

基于多元相控技术的一体化光声快速成像系统

利用多元相控技术发展了一体化光声快速成像系统,该成像系统集成了激光传输、光声激发和光声信号探测.多元线性阵列探测器以反射模式接收光声信号,并通过相控聚焦技术快速成像,得到了不同深度的猪油模拟样品的光声像和活体动物不同直径血管的光声像,系统的横向分辨率为0.5 mm,光声采集成像时间为5 s.该一体化光声快速成像系统与现有的光声成像系统相比,具有快速方便等特点.     

光声光谱检测装置中光声池的数值计算及优化

利用光声光谱技术进行痕量气体的检测具有独特的优势,光声池是系统装置中最为重要的核心部件,它决定着整机性能的优劣.以一圆柱形共振型光声池为研究对象,基于声学与吸收光谱学的基本理论,建立了光声池声场激发的数学模型;利用数值模拟方法对光声池空腔结构进行了声学模态仿真,获得了前8阶声学模态值以及声压可视化振型;在考虑热黏性声学损耗的作用下,对光声池进行了热-声耦合多物理场仿真计算;将仿真结果与解析计算和实验结果进行对比,明确了利用数值模拟方法来计算光声池有关指标的可靠性与可行性;针对光声池的优化问题,提出了一种将响应面代理模型与遗传算法相结合的优化算法,在将原光声池中的谐振腔两端形貌更改为喇叭口形的情况下,通过优化算法获得了以光声池品质因数Q及池常数C_(cell)为最大值寻优的Pareto最优解集;选取一组解进行考察,结果表明,代理模型预测值与数值模拟值指标最大误差仅为1.3%,优化后的新型光声池Q较之前增长了48.9%, C_(cell)增长了34.4%.研究方法可为光声光谱中光声池的优化设计提供参考借鉴.     

光声信号的声透镜层析成像研究

提出了一种用声透镜实现光声层析成像的新模式。从理论上计算出了声透镜的响应，测出了已知声场中标准物像面处的声场分布。考虑到圆形活塞振源的指向性，对代表物成像进行了理论修正，并与实验结果做了对比分析。研究表明，利用声透镜可以实现光声层析成像，并经图像重构得到了生物组织中异物的光声图像，横向、纵向分辨力较高。     

生物医学光声成像的研究进展

光声成像是21世纪初发展起来的新兴的生物医学成像技术,它同时具备光学成像和声学成像两者的优点,因而备受关注。本文对生物医学光声成像的发展进行了综述。首先,介绍了光声成像的特点以及相对于广泛应用的光学成像技术和声学成像技术的优点;其次,在成像原理上解释了光声成像优点的成因,并介绍了光声断层成像和光声显微镜这两种典型的光声成像技术;再次,详细介绍了多尺度的光声图像分辨率和成像深度,以及多信息维度的光声成像参数;最后,展望了光声成像在生物医学领域的应用潜力并讨论了其局限性。     

基于声透镜成像系统的光声层析成像

光声成像是采用“光激发-超声波成像”的新型成像技术，它是检测强散射介质内部光吸收分布的一种有效医学影像技术.用短脉冲激光照射强散射介质(如生物组织)，强散射介质由于光声效应产生超声信号，使用具有成像能力的声透镜把声压分布成像于像面上，然后利用具有空间分辨能力的阵列光声传感器，把同一像面上的光声信号强度记录下来，最后根据光声信号强度的空间分布进行图像重组.根据成像系统物像共轭原理，同一物平面的光声信号到达像面的时延相等，而不同物面的光声信号到达同一个探测器平面的时延各不相同，因此，利用BOXCAR的门控积分 关键词： 光声层析成像 声透镜 光声信号     

光声成像研究进展

本文阐述了光声成像的工作原理,光声信号的产生,传播和探测过程,并总结了光声成像的研究进展,包括时域光声成像和频率域光声成像的研究进展、以及各自的特点,为光声成像领域的研究起到一定的借鉴作用。分析认为光声成像技术有着其他医学成像技术没有的诸多优点,如高分辨率、高对比度、成像深度深等具有广阔的应用前景和较高应用价值,是未来生物医学领域最重要的实时医学成像技术之一,因此得到了国际上的广泛关注。     

声透镜对多层样品的光声层析成像

由于光声效应产生光声压分布图像,所以当强散射介质中的模拟吸光组织在受到短脉冲激光照射时,该声压分布会经声透镜成像在像平面上。在像平面上利用线性超声探测器阵列获取光声信号并传递给高速数据采集卡进行数据采集,可由程序重构出光声图像。设计的光声层析成像系统可以采集记录一定深度的数据,成像时只要在所采集到的数据中选取不同列数即可同时获得强散射介质多层样品不同层面的光声图像。实验成功地获得了强散射介质内多层样品不同层面的光声层析图像。该成像方法无需进行复杂的算法重建,且可以同时实现多层样品不同切面的光声成像。     

Absorption line profile recovery based on TDLS and MEMS micro-mirror for photoacoustic gas sensing

A novel and efficient absorption line recovery technique is presented. A micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) mirror driven by an electrothermal actuator is used to generate laser intensity modulation through the mirror reflection. Tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLS) and photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) are used to recover the target absorption line profile which is compared with the theoretical Voigt profile. The target gas is 0.01% acetylene (C2H2) in a nitrogen host gas. The laser diode wavelength is swept across the P17 absorption line of acetylene at 1535.4 nm by a current ramp, and an erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) is used to enhance the optical intensity and increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A SNR of about 35 is obtained with 100 mW laser power from the EDFA. Good agreement is achieved between the experimental results and the theoretical simulation for the P17 absorption line profile.     

Photoacoustic-guided convergence of light through optically diffusive media

We demonstrate that laser beams can be converged toward a light-absorbing target through optically diffusive media by using photoacoustic-guided interferometric focusing. The convergence of light is achieved by shaping the wavefront of the incident light with a deformable mirror to maximize the photoacoustic signal, which is proportional to the scattered light intensity at the light absorber.     

双光程光声光谱甲烷传感器

利用甲烷(CH₄)气体分子在1.6 μm的吸收特性,使用中心波数为6 046.96 cm-1的蝶形分布反馈式(DFB)激光器和自制的大内径光声池,设计了一款紧凑高灵敏的CH₄气体传感器。为了进一步增强输出光声信号强度,一个具有高反射率的平面镜放置在光声池后,使透射光束被反射后,二次通过光声池,增强了光与被测气体的作用距离,使光声信号提高了1.9倍。传感器各项参数,包括调制频率、调制深度及气体流速被优化。在标准大气压和1 s的积分时间下,该传感器最终获得的探测灵敏度为0.21 ppm,1σ归一化等效噪声系数(NNEA)为2.1×10-8 cm-1·W·Hz-1/2。该甲烷传感器使用性价比高的DFB近红外激光二极管作为激发光源,装置简单,成本低廉可以满足大气环境检测、矿井瓦斯监测、工业过程控制及无创伤医疗诊断等领域的需求。     

一种实现光声光谱的导数光谱的新方法

提出了一种实现光声光谱的导数光谱的新方法,为了获得光声光谱的导数光谱,利用一台单色仪和一个分光棱镜研制成一个波长-光强分束器,并用这个波长-光强分束器同时获得两束光强相等而波长有微小差别的两束光,这两束光经过一个互补调制器调制后在光声探测器内叠加,可以实现光声信号的差分,扫描单色仪的波长,就可以获得光声吸收光谱的导数光谱。实验证明这种方法可以准确实现光声光谱的一阶导数光谱,而且导数光声光谱比光声吸收光谱具有更高的光谱分辨率。     

Design and characteristics of a differential Helmholtz resonant photoacoustic cell for infrared gas detection

The Helmholtz resonant photoacoustic (PA) cell is a very convenient design of PA system for air pollution monitoring based on infrared molecular absorption. A simple differential Helmholtz resonator designed for flow measurements is presented in this work. The investigation of the PA systems characteristics based on this design includes experimental study of the responsitivity both of the separate photoacoustic cell and the whole photoacoustic system applied to trace gases detection. The experimental observations are compared to the theoretical predictions. A simple arrangement to enhance the photoacoustic signal of the whole system by a factor of 2 is presented.     

Viscoelasticity imaging of biological tissues with phase-resolved photoacoustic measurement

A method for noninvasive viscoelasticity imaging of biological tissues using phase-resolved photoacoustic measurement is presented. We deduced the process of photoacoustic effect on the basis of thermal viscoelasticity theory, and established the relationship between the photoacoustic phase delay and the viscosity-elasticity ratio for soft solids. Agar phantoms with different densities and different absorption coefficients were used to verify the dependence of photoacoustic phase-resolved viscoelasticity measurements. Moreover, viscoelasticity imaging of tissues was obtained with a photoacoustic point scanning system. The photoacoustic phase-resolved method provides a basis for viscoelasticity imaging, which can potentially be used for detection of viscoelastic properties and lesions of biological tissues.     

Photoacoustic method for the measurement of the nonlinearity parameter of liquids

I.IntroductionThenonlinearityparameterB/Aisanimportantacousticalparameteroffluids.Hitherto,manytheoreticalandexperimentalstudiesforthedeterminahonofthenon1inearityparamctersof1iquidshavebeenrcported.ThemcthodsfordetCrminationofthenonlinearityparamenterofthe1iquidcanbeseparatedintotwocategories:thermodynamicmethod[llandfinite-amp1itudeacousticwavcmethod.The1attercancseparatedfurtherintoharmonicwavemcthodt2]andpulsemethod.Karabutovetal.[31andBozkhovetaI.[4lusedthepulsedlasertogencratetheplane…     

Theoretical and experimental investigation of the photoacoustic effect in solids with residual stresses

Modern experiment and theory in the field of residual stress detection by the photoacoustic method are summarized and analyzed. A multimode approach based on the simultaneous application of several photothermal and photoacoustic methods is proposed for the study of thermal and thermoelastic effects in solids with residual stress. Some experimental results obtained within the framework of this approach for Vickers indentation zones in ceramics are presented. The effect of annealing on the photoacoustic, piezoelectric signal for ceramics and the influence of the given external loading on the behavior of the photoacoustic signal near the radial crack tips is investigated. It is experimentally shown that both compressive and shear stresses contribute to the photoacoustic signal near the radial crack tips. The model of the photoacoustic, thermoelastic effect in solids with residual stress is proposed. It is based on the modified Murnaghan model of non-linear elastic bodies, which takes into account a possible dependence of the thermoelastic constant on stress. This model is further developed to explain the photoacoustic signal behavior near the radial crack tips. It is demonstrated that this model of the photoacoustic effect agrees qualitatively with the available experimental data.     

Reflection-mode photoacoustic microscopy using a hollow focused ultrasound transducer for in vivo imaging of blood vessels

A reflection-mode photoacoustic microscope using a hollow focused ultrasound transducer is developed for highresolution in vivo imaging.A confocal structure of the laser and the ultrasound is used to improve the system resolution.The axial and lateral resolutions of the system are measured to be ～ 32 μm and ～ 58 μm,respectively.Ex vivo and in vivo modes are tested to validate the imaging capability of the photoacoustic microscope.The adjacent vein and artery can be seen clearly from the reconstructed photoacoustic images.The results demonstrate that the reflectionmode photoacoustic microscope can be used for high-resolution imaging of micro-blood vessels,which would be of great benefit for monitoring the neovascularization in tumor angiogenesis.     

Open photoacoustic cell x-ray detection

A simple open-cell configuration photoacoustic x-ray detector is experimentally demonstrated. The front air chamber of a commercial electret microphone is used as the transducer medium of conventional photoacoustics. The observed signal is well described by the thermal diffusion model for the photoacoustic signal.