居里的一家

①居里一家三代人②居里和他的女儿③居里夫妇和女儿散步④1906年,居里在演讲⑤居里在1906年③1906年4月19日居里去世①居里夫人发奋完成居里事业③居里夫人在研究放射学③旧引年居里夫人与密立根谈话O居里夫人和她的大女儿伊伦四伊伦 届里@约里奥·居里四@约里奥 居里夫妇在实验室够1935年约里奥·居里夫妇接受 诺贝尔奖居里的一家@郭奕玲     

在居里夫人身边的日子

1929年,施士元以优异的成绩成为清华大学首届毕业生后,通过江苏省官费出国留学资格考试,进入法国巴黎大学,师从居里夫人。他是居里夫人为中国培养的唯一一位物理学博士。这里,我们征得施士元女儿施蕴中的同意,以《在居里夫人身边的日子》为题,从《施士元——回忆录及其他》一书中摘录有关章节,以飨读者。     

青年人应有的品德标准

青年人要树立品德全面发展的最高标准。1.为人类进步的献身精神，体现个人与社会融溶关系，布鲁诺、居里夫人、白求恩、邱少云就是典型代表。2.要有     

核科学中的世纪女杰

在20世纪的核物理领域中出现了四位令人瞩目的女科学家,除了我们所熟悉的居里夫人、吴键雄之外,还有奥地利物理学家丽丝·迈特纳和美国物理学家玛丽亚·梅耶.她们都堪称核科学中的巾帼英雄,对核科学的发展起了巨大的推动作用.     

邮票上的物理学史“非汉字符号”——居里夫人

190 6年皮埃尔因车祸去世后 ,居里夫人接替他担任巴黎大学教授 ,她是巴黎大学理学院第一位女教授 .她二话没说 ,就把皮埃尔中断的放射性课程继续下去 ;并且继续提纯镭 .1 91 0年她提炼出纯粹的金属状态的镭 .1 91 1年 ,由于发现钋和镭以及提炼出纯镭的工作 ,她独立获得了诺贝尔化学奖 (图 1 ,瑞典 1 971年 ) ,成为第一个两次获得诺贝尔奖的人 .也是在 1 91 1年 ,居里夫人接受朋友们的建议 ,竞选法国科学院院士 (对手是发明无线电检波器的布冉利 ) .她得到许多著名科学家的热烈支持 .但是主持会议的主席在会上公然宣称 :“把科学院的大门敞开…     

青年人应有的品德标准

 青年人要树立品德全面发展的最高标准。1.为人类进步的献身精神，体现个人与社会融溶关系，布鲁诺、居里夫人、白求恩、邱少云就是典型代表。     

怀念我的学生——吴健雄

 我于1929年到1933年在法国巴黎镭学研究所师从皮埃尔·居里夫人进行核谱学的研究.1933年通过论文答辩获得巴黎大学博士学位.     

居里的一家(连载)

 1 皮埃尔·居里和哥哥雅克斯(左1)于1880年共同发现压电效应.他们与父母合影2 这是皮埃尔与雅克斯研制的压电晶体3 皮埃尔研究铁磁材料磁性与温度关系,居里点以此得名4 居里夫人原名玛丽·斯克罗多夫斯卡,出生于华沙.1891年到巴黎求学.     

物理学家名言录(2)——自喻

 1 春蚕——居里夫人“那些蚕细心地工作着,不懈不怠,令我大受感动;我看着它们,觉得我跟它们是异物而同类……。”2 卒子——于敏“研究氢弹原理的,是一批科学工作者.参加设计、实验的人就更多了.     

永远的怀念——纪念吴健雄先生诞辰100周年

2012年5月31日是世界公认的杰出女物理学家、被誉为"中国居里夫人"的吴健雄先生诞辰100周年纪念日.是日,在吴健雄先生的故乡江苏太仓市由苏州市人民政府、东南大学、中国科学院院士工作局联合主办、太仓市人民政府承办,举行了隆重的纪念活动,并为吴健雄先生的铜像(图1)举行了揭幕仪式.为纪念这位伟大的物理学家,本刊特刊登东南大学物理系恽瑛教授撰写的纪念文章.     

Mastering picocoulombs in the 1890s: The Curies’ quartz–electrometer instrumentation,and how it shaped early radioactivity history

This paper describes the instrumentation developed by Pierre and Jacques Curie in the 1880s to perform very precise charge and low current measurements. Using this set-up, which is nearly as precise as most present digital electronic charge measurement apparatuses, Jacques Curie established the absorption current law for insulating materials. A detailed analysis is made of the experimental path followed by Marie Curie from the choice of her research subject to her first discoveries, using the same Curie quartz–electrometer set-up. From the Curie “discovery notebooks” and a modern reconstitution of this experiment, it is possible to reconstruct what were her main experimental difficulties concerning the measurements of the picoampere leakage currents produced by the radioactive rays. We will underline that the availability for Marie Curie of a precise ready-to-use electrostatic measurement technique played an important, if not decisive, part in her career and her research. A more general issue addressed here is that laboratory techniques are not only a prerequisite of modern scientific work, but in a great part influence knowledge production.     

新核素合成、高激发热核和放射性束物理前沿再获一批重要成果

综述了中国科学院近代物理研究所最近三年来在新核素合成、高激发热核和放射性束物理前沿领域取得的重要进展．其主要成果是在兰州重离子加速器和放射性束流线上获得的.The recent remarkable achievements in IMP in the research frontiers of synthesis of new nuclides, highly excited hot nuclei and radioactive ion beam physics are reviewed. Most of the achievements are made at the HIRFL and RIBLL of IMP.     

Methods for organizing the interaction of circulating particle beams with internal targets in nuclear physics experiments at synchrotrons and storage rings

The first methods for using internal targets and their further development for organization of nuclear physics experiments at synchrotrons and storage rings are reviewed. With these methods, new results are obtained and discoveries are made in physics of interactions of elementary particles and nuclei. Current uses of various internal targets and circulating particle beams in ongoing and projected research in particle physics, relativistic nuclear and spin physics, and physics of interactions of exotic and radioactive nuclei and for producing fluxes of secondary particles (mesons, neutrons, exotic and radioactive nuclei, etc.) for physics experiments are described.     

Early contributions to theoretical chemistry: Inga Fischer-Hjalmars,a founder of the Swedish school

ABSTRACT

Inga Fischer-Hjalmars was one of the pioneers in the creation of the Swedish school of theoretical chemistry. She started her scientific endeavours in pharmacy and biochemistry, but soon sought a deeper understanding of molecules and chemistry. With a genuine experimental background and quantum chemical skills learned from Charles Coulson in the late 1940s, Inga was well prepared to continue her research and to contribute to the establishment of theoretical chemistry as it was later defined by Coulson; the use of quantum mechanics to explain experimental phenomena in all branches of chemistry. During the 1950s and 1960s Inga made important contributions to our understanding of chemical bonding and reactivity. For example, she made key insights into the dissociation of molecular hydrogen, the influence of heteroatoms on dipole moments in organic compounds, the electronic configuration of ozone and on the validity of different approximations in molecular theory. Inga Fischer-Hjalmars and her students developed extensions of the Pariser–Parr–Pople method and during the latter part of her career, she returned to the biomolecules that once had brought her into science, now applying quantum chemical methods to understand bonding and spectral properties of these molecules at greater depth.     

Giant-resonance studies with radioactive beams: Perspectives

First-generation radioactive ion-beam facilities have already been in operation for some time. Advanced facilities that will deliver high-intensity radioactive nuclear beams ranging in energy from below the Coulomb barrier to up to several hundred MeV per nucleon (MeV/u) are either starting operation, or under construction or in the planning stage. In this paper the perspectives of using radioactive nuclear beams to study giant resonances in nuclei far from the valley of stability are explored. In particular, emphasis will be made on information on certain nuclear properties that can be gained from such studies. Received: 1 May 2001 / Accepted: 4 December 2001     

The 8π spectrometer

The 8π spectrometer installed at the TRIUMF-ISAC radioactive beam facility provides a powerful and versatile detection system for radioactive decay, allowing measurements of γ rays and conversion electrons with high resolution, tagging on β particles, and fast-timing measurements. The facility supports a wide program of research in the fields of nuclear structure, nuclear astrophysics and fundamental symmetries with low-energy radioactive beams.     

单探头中子/伽马甄别能谱仪系统研制

针对放射性物质异常泄漏、防范核材料的非法转移和任意携带,提出一种基于单探头中子/伽马甄别能谱仪系统,实现敏感控制区中特殊核材料和放射性物质的监测。围绕核信号获取与数字化采集、辐射射线粒子甄别与能谱分析,开展基于FPGA与EJ299-33A的核数据采集电路设计、核信号处理算法设计和Matlab中子/伽马鉴别与能谱离线分析方法等关键技术研究。设计上位机软件实时处理辐射能谱数据,为正确做出应急预案提供数据参考。利用新型探测器和分型频谱数学模型在FPGA内部实现射线种类甄别,有效地解决了采用传统老式探测器和模拟电路的方法鉴别困难的问题,验证了分型频谱法在核信号处理上具有一定的可行性。开发完成集放射性种类判定、核素识别于一体的多功能集成中子/伽马探测器,在中子/伽马的混合辐射场中,既能实现射线甄别又能测量能谱,解决在复杂放射性环境中对不同射线种类的能谱分析和核素识别问题。     

Relativistic many-body theory with radioactive ion beams: Surface pion condensation

We critically review the present relativistic mean-field theory from the viewpoint of missing pions. We introduce the interesting experimental data on pionic states taken at RCNP. These data seem to suggest the occurrence of pion condensation in the nuclear surface. Qualitative discussion is made on the consequence of surface pion condensation on Gamow-Teller transitions and spin response functions and others. The radioactive ion beams are the tools of studying the unstable nuclei, which have extended nuclear surfaces. We shall start with radioactive ion beams the nuclear surface science, which includes the surface pion condensation as the important ingredient in addition to spin-orbit splitting and surface pairing. Received: 1 May 2001 / Accepted: 4 December 2001     

热处理对氢气放电实验用靶的影响

对本底靶进行热处理后用TiT源重新开展打靶实验,未知谱线消失,证明未知谱线不是由靶中杂质造成的。将同种材料制成的两块本底靶分别进行热处理和不做任何处理,置于氢气放电源中进行照射生成源照靶,用TiT源打这两块源照靶发现照射前经热处理的靶产生的4条未知谱线较强,证明热处理能够增强靶吸附未知粒子的能力。     

Radioactive nuclear beams: Present and future

Some results of investigations into a new nuclear-physics field associated with the production of radioactive nuclear beams and physical studies with these beams are presented. The most recent results obtained by studying the structure of nuclei and reaction mechanisms with radioactive nuclear beams are surveyed. Data obtained in Dubna at the DRIBs accelerator complex are presented along with allied results from other research centers. In this connection, existing experimental data on light loosely bound exotic nuclei are discussed. The parameters of DRIBs3, which is a new accelerator complex, are presented, and the physics research program that will be implemented with the aid of new setups, including a high-resolution magnetic analyzer (MAVR) and a 4π neutron detector (TETRA), is described. A collaboration in the realms of employing radioactive nuclear beams at the DRIBs complex together with other accelerator complexes [SPIRAL2 (France), RIKEN (Japan), FAIR (Germany), and RIBF (CIIIA)] on the basis of employing new highly efficient experimental facilities has already led to the discovery of new phenomena in nuclear physics and will make it possible to study in the future new regions of nuclear matter in extreme states.