Dose response of thermoluminescence emission spectra of LiF:Mg,Ti with different Mg, Ti impurity concentrations

The dose response of the TL emission spectra of an LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100) sample and three LiF:Mg,Ti samples with different impurity concentrations (0–6 ppm Ti and 80–100 ppm Mg) have been measured. At a dose less than 22 Gy the emission spectrum of the TLD-100 sample comprises one emission band at 420 nm. The sample without Ti shows also one emission band but now at 620 nm. The spectra of the other two samples comprises two emission bands at 420 nm and 620 nm of which the intensity of the 420 nm band increases with increasing Ti concentration. The dose response of the glow peaks is different for peaks at different temperatures and emission bands. From these observations it can be concluded than in LiF:Mg,Ti at least some of the traps and luminescent centers are coupled.     

Investigation of thermoluminescence in Li_2B_4O_7 phosphors doped with Cu, Ag and Mg

Li_2B_4O_7 (LBO):Cu,Ag,Mg phosphors have been prepared by the sintering technique. The roles of the Ag and Mg dopants in the phosphors have been studied using the methods of thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves and TL 3D spectra. The results indicated that proper concentrations of Ag and Mg can enhance the TL of LBO:Cu. It was also indicated that the intensity of TL peak at ~130℃ is reduced with the in- creasing Ag concentration, and enhanced with the increasing Mg concentration. From the TL 3D spectra, three emission bands (λ1 = 421 nm, λ2 = 380 nm, λ3 = 350 nm) were observed: the intensity of low energy emission band is reduced and that of the high energy is enhanced with the increasing dopant Ag; on the contrary, the intensity of low energy emission band is enhanced and that of the high energy one is reduced with the increasing dopant Mg.     

Mg掺杂ZnO纳米晶的低温共沉淀法制备及光学性质

采用共沉淀(co-precipitation)法制备了Mg掺杂ZnO纳米晶,分别用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外可见吸收(UV-Vis)光谱、光致发光(PL)光谱、透射电镜(TEM)、电子顺磁共振(EPR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征。探究了Mg离子在ZnO纳米晶中的存在状态,ZnO纳米晶颗粒尺寸和发射光谱随Mg掺杂浓度的变化,并对其发光机理进行了分析。结果表明:Mg离子在ZnO晶格中以部分晶格位,部分间隙位的方式存在,没有形成MgO表面壳层结构;随Mg掺杂浓度的增大,ZnO纳米晶的颗粒尺寸变小,发射光的光强增大。发射光的最佳激发波长为342nm,中心波长为500nm,荧光量子产率为22.8%。实验分析表明:Mg离子的掺杂在ZnO纳米晶中引入了锌空位(VZn),间隙位的镁离子(IMg),提供了新的复合中心,从而增强了ZnO纳米晶的光致发光。     

Morphology and optical properties of Mg and Sr doped CaF2 nanocrystals

Magnesium (Mg) and Strontium (Sr) doped Calcium fluoride nanocrystals were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The cubic structure of the samples was confirmed by Powder X-ray diffraction. The average crystallite size of Mg doped samples was found to be ~ 25 nm whereas in Sr doped one it was ~ 35 nm. The morphological features revealed that the nanocrystals were agglomerated, crispy and porous. The as-prepared samples showed the presence of hydroxyl groups. The optical absorption spectrum of as-prepared Mg doped samples showed a strong absorption band peaked at ~ 233 nm whereas the Sr doped one showed a prominent absorption peak at 248 nm. A strong PL emission was observed at ~ 300 nm in Mg doped samples. However, the Sr doped samples showed two prominent emissions at ~ 345 and 615 nm.     

Optical studies in gamma irradiated Mg doped CaF2 single crystals

Pure and Mg doped CaF₂ single crystals grown by the Bridgman method were irradiated with gamma rays (γ-rays) for doses ranging from 97 Gy to 9.72 KGy. The pristine samples showed minimal absorption indicating the purity of the samples. The γ-irradiated pure CaF₂ crystals showed prominent and strong absorption with a peak at ~ 374 nm besides three weak ones at ~ 456, 523 and 623 nm. However γ-rayed Mg doped crystals showed a prominent absorption with a strong peak at ~ 370 nm and a broad one at ~ 530 nm. The absorption indicated the generation of F and F-aggregate centers in the irradiated crystals. The photoluminescence (PL) emission spectrum of both pure and Mg doped crystals showed prominent emission at ~ 390 nm when they were excited at ~ 250 nm. Also, when the samples were excited at 323 and 363 nm strong emissions were observed at ~ 430 and 422 nm respectively. The optical absorption and PL intensities were found to increase with increase in dose.     

Spectroscopy of polymorphic forms of Mg phthalocyanine

Some specific features of the absorption, luminescence, and internal photoelectric effect spectra of nanocrystals of Mg phthalocyanine of the β and X aggregate forms obtained by crystallization from molecular solutions of Mg phthalocyanine are revealed and studied. The complex structure of the spectra of the crystalline forms is attributed to the simultaneous presence of both crystalline phases and the molecular phase of Mg phthalocyanine in the samples. Comparison of the absorption and luminescence spectra is an effective diagnostic tool for optimization of the methods of preparation of single-phase Mg-phthalocyanine objects. Similar results were also observed in the spectroscopic study of other metal phthalocyanine derivatives.     

Level structure of 22Mg: implications for the 21Na(p,gamma)22Mg astrophysical reaction rate and for the 22Mg Mass

The level structure of (22)Mg has been studied with high-sensitivity gamma-ray spectroscopy techniques. A complete level scheme is derived incorporating all subthreshold states and all levels in the energy region relevant for novae burning. The excitation energy of the most important astrophysical resonance is measured with improved accuracy and found to differ from previous values. Combining the present result with a recent resonance energy measurement of this state leads to a derived (22)Mg mass excess of -400.5(13) keV.     

Anomalous photoluminescence and raman scattering behavior in heavily Mg+ ion-implanted InP

Mg⁺ ions were implanted into highly pure InP grown by the liquid encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) method in which the Mg concentration [Mg] was varied between 1×10¹⁵ cm^–3 and 3×10²⁰ cm^–3. Two annealing methods were used: furnace annealing (FA) up to 740° C and flash lamp annealing (rapid thermal annealing, RTA) up to 900° C. For characterization, photoluminescence (PL) spectra were measured between 2K and room temperature together with Raman scattering measurements at room temperature. An emission designated by g, which was attributed to a novel energy state of an isolated acceptor, was found to be produced for a rather low value of [Mg]. In addition, a broad emission denoted by [g–g], which was ascribed to acceptor-acceptor pairs, was observed below bound exciton emissions for moderate values of [Mg]. These features were quite similar to those previously observed in acceptor-doped GaAs when the background concentration of donors is extremely low. Two additional novel emissions located far below the band-to-acceptor emission were also obtained, and each showed a remarkable energy shift towards lower energy with increasing [Mg]. The binding energies of these emissions were estimated from the temperature dependence of PL spectra and the results suggest that they are complex-type radiative recombination centers, presumably donor-acceptor-type centers. A strong broad emission centered near the band-to-acceptor emission was observed for [Mg]=3×10²⁰ cm^–3. This observation indicates a formation of a new material between In, P and Mg, which was also attested by the appearance of a new TO-like Raman signal for [Mg] greater than 1×10¹⁹ cm^–3. A substantial difference of PL and Raman spectra was revealed for the two annealing methods, suggesting that the annealing behaviour of ion-implanted InP should be investigated more extensively in order to establish reliable annealing procedures.Dedicated to H.-J. Queisser on the occasion of his 60th birthday     

Ba/Mg 比值对(BaxMg)2/(x+1)Al10O17∶Eu2+晶体结构和发光特性的影响

采用溶液燃烧法在600℃成功合成了(BaxMg)2/(x 1)Al10O17∶Eu2 (0.6≤x≤1.2)蓝色荧光粉,着重研究了基质阳离子Ba/Mg比值的变化对其晶体结构及发光特性的影响。结果表明,合成的产物为纯相,且随Ba/Mg比值的增加,样品的晶格参量逐渐增加;当Ba/Mg比增加时,发射光谱的强度明显增强,至Ba/Mg为0.9时达到最大值,然后随Ba/Mg比继续增大,发射光谱的强度反而下降;Ba/Mg比值减少,导致基质的晶场增强和电子云膨胀效应的发生,致使Eu2 发射主峰向长波方向移动。Eu2 的掺杂浓度对样品的发光性能有显著的影响,随Eu2 浓度增大,发光中心增多,Eu2 离子间相互作用增强,能量传递加快,发光强度逐渐增大,并达到一个最大值。此后,随Eu2 的浓度进一步增加,Eu2 之间的能量传递速率将超过发射速率,呈现浓度猝灭特性。     

Thermoluminescence emission characteristics of LiF(Mg,Cu,P) with different dopant concentrations

The spectrum of the light emitted during thermoluminescence from irradiated LiF(Mg,Cu,P) has been measured for samples with different Cu and P contents. The results show no essential differences in glow curve structure and emission spectrum for MCP materials with different dopant contents and produced with different production techniques, except for samples with a low phosphorus concentration. The emission spectrum consits of two bands with maxima at 350 and 384 nm; the latter is dominant in the main glow peak and the former becomes more important at higher temperatures. Both bands are correlated with phosphorus, which appears to play a vital role in the overall sensitivity.     

Mg based photocathodes for high brightness RF photoinjectors

Advanced high brightness radio frequency (RF) gun injectors require photocathodes with a fast response, high quantum efficiency (QE) and good surface uniformity. Metal films deposited by various techniques on the gun back wall could satisfy these requirements. A new deposition technique has been recently proposed, i.e. pulsed laser ablation. Several Mg samples have been deposited by this technique: the emission performance and morphological changes induced on the cathode surface during laser activation are compared and discussed.     

(Mg1-x-yBaxSry)1.95SiO4∶0.05Eu荧光粉的光谱研究及紫外激发色像图建立

采用高温固相法制备了新型(Mg1-x-yBaxSry)1.95SiO4∶0.05Eu荧光粉,其中包括3个二元碱土离子配比系列和3个代表性三元碱土离子配比系列(Ba不变而Mg/Sr比连续变化、Mg/Sr比不变而Ba含量连续变化)共计6个系列,并研究其光谱性能(激发谱和发射谱)、紫外(254和365 nm)发光照相记录及CIE值对应色像。借鉴三元相图的建立思路,由这些二元和代表性三元数据推导三元色像图,用于新型荧光粉的系统开发。所制备的荧光粉系列包括:Mg2SiO4-Sr2SiO4,Ba2SiO4-Sr2SiO4,Mg2SiO4-Ba2SiO4,Ba原子比含量为0.2(Mg/Sr原子比连续变化),Ba原子比含量为0.6(Mg/Sr原子比连续变化),Mg/Sr原子比为1/4(Ba原子比含量连续变化系列)。其对应的254 nm激发下光谱性能、发光照相记录、和CIE色像分析表明:Eu离子可以三价和二价形式存在于(Mg1-x-yBaxSry)2SiO4中;二元系列中(Mg1-xBax)2SiO4和(Ba1-ySry)2SiO4基体中随着Ba原子比的增加荧光粉逐渐由红(对应Eu3+5D0→7F1和5D0→7F2电子跃迁窄带发射)变绿(对应Eu2+4fn-15d→4fn电子跃迁发射宽带发射)且前者变化的更快;二元系列中(Mg1-ySry)2SiO4系列为红色荧光粉,且随着Sr含量增加红色发光增大;三元系列中(Bax(Mg0.2Sr0.8)1-x)2SiO4(Mg/Sr=1/4)随着Ba离子量增加荧光粉也逐渐由红变绿,其变化速度介于Mg/Sr比等于0(即Ba2SiO4-Sr2SiO4系列)和Mg/Sr比等于∝(即Ba2SiO4-Mg2SiO4系列);三元系列中(Ba0.2SryMg0.8-y)1.95SiO4为红色荧光粉,而(Ba0.6SryMg0.4-y)2SiO4随着Mg/Sr原子比增加逐渐由红转蓝绿光。365 nm激发下荧光发射的变化规律与254 nm激发下大体一致,但是同一样品在365 nm激发下其绿光波段发射要比254 nm激发要强且其红光波段发射要比254nm激发要弱,故(Mg1-xBax)2SiO4,(Ba1-ySry)2SiO4,(Bax(Mg0.2Sr0.8)1-x)2中对应的由红变绿时Ba含量分别为40at%,60at%,60at%(254 nm激发下60at%,80at%,70at%)且(Ba0.6SryMg0.4-y)2SiO4中由红变绿的Mg/Sr比为1/4(254 nm激发下为2/3)。据此建立Eu掺杂Ba2SiO4-Mg2SiO4-Sr2SiO4紫外激发色像图。借由色像图可知(Mg1-x-yBaxSry)1.95SiO4∶0.05Eu荧光粉紫外激发下发射光变化规律,即基体组分靠近Ba2SiO4端发射绿色而靠近Mg2SiO4或Sr2SiO4端发射红色,Mg/Sr比越大随着Ba原子的增加荧光粉的由红转绿的速度越快;同一样品在365 nm激发下其绿光波段发射要比254 nm激发要强且其红光波段发射要比254 nm激发要弱,(Mg1-x-yBaxSry)1.95SiO4∶0.05Eu荧光粉中当Ba>80at%,Mg>90at%(或Sr>80at%)荧光粉可分别用作高效绿色、红色荧光粉;此外,当组分为(Mg0.8Sr0.2)1.95SiO4∶0.05Eu,(Ba0.8Mg0.16Sr0.04)1.95SiO4∶0.05Eu是紫外激发下(254和365 nm)最好的红色和绿色荧光粉。     

M2SiO4:Re(M=Mg,Ca,Ba;Re=Ce3+,Tb3+)的发光性能

合成了系列M2SiO4∶Re(M=Mg,Ca,Ba; Re= Ce3 ,Tb3 )样品,研究了样品在真空紫外区域的激发光谱和发射光谱.从激发谱可以看出:M2SiO4∶Re(M=Mg,Ca,Ba; Re= Ce3 ,Tb3 )在147,172 nm有很强的吸收带.用Mg,Ca完全取代Ba2SiO4∶Tb3 中的Ba ,相对应的晶体的晶格参数逐渐增大,晶场的能量逐渐减少,其激发光谱随着碱土离子半径的增加向长波方向移动.在172 nm真空紫外光激发下,观察到M2SiO4∶Re(M=Mg,Ca,Ba; Re=Tb3 和M2SiO4∶Re(M=Mg,Ca,Ba; Re= Ce3 ,Tb3 )特征发射;在真空紫外激发下,随着M2SiO4∶Re(M=Mg,Ca,Ba; Re= Ce3 ,Tb3 )中Ce3 含量的增加,M2SiO4∶Re的特征发射明显减弱,并分析讨论了相关发光现象的成因.     

A study on thermal degradation of LiF:Mg,Cu,P and LiF:Mg,Cu,Si

We investigated the thermal degradation of LiF:Mg,Cu,P (NTL-250) and LiF:Mg,Cu,Si (MCS) for the development of TL sheet. By thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), the exothermic reaction was observed between 320 °C and 400 °C in MCS as well as NTL-250. The heat value of MCS was twice as large as that of NTL-250. This ratio corresponded with that of Mg amount in these TL materials measured by ICP-OES (inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry). X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were also carried out, and the peaks of MgF₂ phase were also observed in degraded MCS sample as well as NTL-250. Moreover, X-ray absorption near-edge structures (XANES) of Cu in these LiF TLDs were measured. The valences of Cu did not change before and after degradation. It indicates that the thermal degradation is caused by not Cu but Mg ion state change. The exothermic reaction is possible caused by the stabilization reactions, and then it was expected to correspond with MgF₂ precipitation. From these results, we concluded that the thermal degradations of these LiF TLDs are caused by the precipitation of MgF₂.     

Y2O2S∶Eu,Mg, Ti,Gd 红色长余辉发光材料的热稳定性

采用高温固相法制备了Y₂O₂S ∶ Eu,Mg,Ti,Gd红色长余辉材料,研究了热处理工艺对材料稳定性的影响。用X射线衍射表征该材料的相组成,用激发光谱、发射光谱、余辉亮度对材料的发光性能进行表征。结果表明:热处理温度在600 ℃以下时,材料的发光性能不变;当热处理温度达到800 ℃时,发光性能缓慢下降;当热处理温度达到1 000 ℃时,主晶相Y₂O₂S变成Y₂O₂SO₄和Y₂O₃,发光性能急剧下降。与铝酸盐及硫化物发光材料相比,Y₂O₂S ∶ Eu,Mg,Ti,Gd红色长余辉材料具有较好的热稳定性。     

The effect of Mg ions on the photoluminescence of Ce-doped silica

In this paper, we report enhanced luminescence of Mg-co-doped silica gels, which were prepared by a sol-gel method. The total amount of Ce³⁺ ions was kept constant in this experiment at 0.5 mol% total doping. Structural, morphological, thermal, optical absorption and photoluminescence studies were employed. The XRD spectra show that all the samples are non-crystalline. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that the particles were in nano-range and spherical in shape. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) of samples depict that the presence of dopant and co-dopant decreases the endothermic peak temperature; while Ce³⁺ increase the yield, Mg²⁺ reduces it. UV analyses revealed that the presence of Ce³⁺ ions increases transmittance but lowers absorbance of annealed silica xerogels, while that of Mg²⁺ ions reduces transmittance but increases absorbance. Luminescence intensities were compared for different gels with and without Mg particles by varying the different concentrations of Mg. Silica containing Mg²⁺ ions had broad blue emission due to energy transfer from Mg²⁺ to Ce³⁺, which is due to radiative recombination. An increase in luminescence intensity was observed as the Mg²⁺ to Ce³⁺ ratio increased for the range investigated.     

Structural and magnetic properties of Mg substituted NiCuZn Nano Ferrites

The present paper examines the effect of magnesium substitution on structural and magnetic properties of NiCuZn nano ferrites synthesised by sol-gel method. The prepared samples were characterised by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Vibration sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. The phase identification, unit cell parameter and crystallite size was determined using XRD analysis. The lattice constant reduced with increasing Mg content. Room temperature saturation magnetisation and coercivity showed reverse trend with increasing Mg content. Curie temperature (T_c) obtained from the thermo magnetic curves increases with Mg concentration. The initial permeability (μ_i) decreased with increasing Mg content. This is due to reduced magnetisation, grain size and increased magneto-crystalline anisotropy constant. Simultaneously, there is an upward shift of domain wall relaxation frequency with increasing Mg content. Also the permeability is observed to be constant up to 30 MHz frequency range showing compositional stability and quality of the material. The prepared samples were suitable for applications in Multilayer Chip Inductors due to their invariable permeability up to 30 MHz frequency and high thermal stability along with low sintering temperature.     

Effect of doping and annealing on the physical properties of ZnO:Mg nanoparticles

Well-dispersed undoped and Mg-doped ZnO nanoparticles with different doping concentrations at various annealing temperatures are synthesized using basic chemical solution method without any capping agent. To understand the effect of Mg doping and heat treatment on the structure and optical response of the prepared nanoparticles, the samples are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), UV–Vis optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. The UV–Vis absorbance and PL emission show a blue shift with increasing Mg doping concentration with respect to bulk value. UV–Vis spectroscopy is also used to calculate the band-gap energy of nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction results clearly show that the Mg-doped nanoparticles have hexagonal phase similar to ZnO nanoparticles. TEM image as well as XRD study confirm the estimated average size of the samples to be between 6 and 12 nm. Furthermore, it is seen that there was an increase in the grain size of the particles when the annealing temperature is increased.     

Evolution of magnetic properties in the normal spinel solid solution Mg(1-x)Cu(x)Cr2O4

We examine the evolution of magnetic properties in the normal spinel oxides Mg(1-x)Cu(x)Cr2O4 using magnetization and heat capacity measurements. The end-member compounds of the solid solution series have been studied in some detail because of their very interesting magnetic behavior. MgCr2O4 is a highly frustrated system that undergoes a first-order structural transition at its antiferromagnetic ordering temperature. CuCr2O4 is tetragonal at room temperature as a result of Jahn-Teller active tetrahedral Cu2+ and undergoes a magnetic transition at 135 K. Substitution of magnetic cations for diamagnetic Mg2+ on the tetrahedral A site in the compositional series Mg(1-x)Cu(x)Cr2O4 dramatically affects magnetic behavior. In the composition range 0 ≤ x ≤ ≈0.3, the compounds are antiferromagnetic. A sharp peak observed at 12.5 K in the heat capacity of MgCr2O4 corresponding to a magnetically driven first-order structural transition is suppressed even for small x. Uncompensated magnetism--with open magnetization loops--develops for samples in the x range ≈0.43 ≤ x ≤ 1. Multiple magnetic ordering temperatures and large coercive fields emerge in the intermediate composition range 0.43 ≤ x ≤ 0.47. The Néel temperature increases with increasing x across the series while the value of the Curie-Weiss Θ(CW) decreases. A magnetic temperature-composition phase diagram of the solid solution series is presented.     

Mg3Bo3F3:Mn2+, R3+(R=Eu、Sm、Dy)的阴极射线发光

本文研究了具有长余辉发光特性的红色Mg3BO3F3:Mn2+,R3+(R=Eu,Sm,Dy)的阴极射线发光性能,以及R3+离子的掺杂对Mg3BO3F3:Mn2+的发射光谱、色坐标等的影响.