无次级通道建模有源噪声控制算法的实验研究

以管道中有源噪声控制为实验平台,基于ADSP21161N数字信号处理评估板实现了本文作者早先提出的不需要次级通道建模的基于LMS方法的四方向搜索型有源控制算法,并给出了该算法在实际应用中收敛系数的选取原则。针对单频和多频噪声的实验结果表明,前人两方向搜索型有源控制算法在大部分频率上都能收敛,但在次级通道相位为±90°的频率不能收敛,而本文作者所提出的四方向变收敛系数搜索型算法,在所有频率都能快速收敛。     

多通道FxAP算法的电动汽车路噪控制

汽车噪声控制是主动噪声控制领域中经典的问题.伴随着电动化的普及,路噪控制将取代内燃机噪声控制,逐渐成为汽车噪声控制的主要领域.针对传统车内路噪控制系统适应性差、算法收敛速度慢、降噪量不足的问题,该文使用了多通道滤波-x仿射投影(FxAP)算法加快收敛速度,从而实现对噪声的快速追踪并控制.通过搭建了车内多通道头靠噪声控制...     

一种能量比调控的有源噪声控制算法*

在前馈有源噪声控制系统中,建模信号与控制信号相互影响,建模信号的引入会导致系统降噪性能变差。为了减小建模信号的影响,提出一种基于能量比调控的次级通道在线建模有源噪声控制算法。利用控制过程与建模过程的误差能量比构造步长调控函数,分别调节控制过程与建模过程的步长值,从而减弱两者的相互影响。在次级通道建模过程中,对建模步长值采取分段调控的方法,并通过建模步长值的变化来调节建模信号,从而提升系统降噪性能。仿真结果表明,对于低频噪声信号的有源噪声控制,相比已有算法,提出的算法能获得较快的建模收敛速度和较高的降噪量。     

基于无限脉冲响应滤波器的自适应滤波E型有源噪声控制算法

相对于有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器,无限脉冲响应(ⅡR)滤波器由于其本身自有的零-极点结构,能以较低的阶数即可与系统模型匹配。因此在有源噪声控制(ANC)中,使用ⅡR滤波器可以大大节省计算量并能提高系统效率。自适应滤波U型最小均方差(FULMS)算法是目前常用的基于ⅡR滤波器的有源噪声控制算法,但该算法却不能保证全局收敛,这大大限制了该算法在有源噪声控制中的应用。本文提出一种新的基于ⅡR滤波器的自适应有源噪声控制算法——滤波E型最小均方差算法,该算法计算量相对于FULMS算法仅略有增加,但具有良好的全局收敛性,仿真结果表明该算法具有良好的降噪效果。     

改进的LMS算法在光全散射法粒度反演中的应用

在光全散射法颗粒粒度测量中,正确地选择以及使用反演算法是非常关键的。首先介绍了光全散射法的基本原理,然后提出了一种基于非负PT直接算法的改进的LMS迭代算法,最后将改进的LMS迭代算法应用到光全散射颗粒粒度分布函数的求解中。对理想状态和加噪状态分别采用传统的LMS迭代算法和改进的LMS迭代算法进行求解,通过对比单峰分布颗粒粒度和双峰分布颗粒粒度的实验结果,改进后的LMS迭代算法使粒度相对误差均减少了4%左右,整个运行时间小于3s,不仅提高了LMS算法的运算时间、收敛速度和稳定性,而且还解决了LMS算法中初始值对结果的影响。     

基于变结构技术的噪声有源自校正控制

研究有源噪声控制（ＡＮＣ）问题，给出了有源噪声控制问题的一般模型。研究表明，采用前馈和反馈技术的有源噪声控制分别与控制理论中的干扰可测和干扰不可测的自适应控制相对应。提出了一种基于滑模变结构技术的噪声有源自适应控制方法，可以处理所有模型参数均未知的有源噪声控制问题，给出了一种未知模型参数的在线自适应学习算法。证明了闭环控制系统在Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ意义下的稳定性。仿真结果表明，基于滑模变结构技术的噪声有源自适应控制是一种非常有效的控制方法。     

多通道窄带Fx-Newton时频算法及动力机械有源隔振实验

提出了一种多通道窄带Fx-Newton算法,用多个控制器并联控制各窄带带通滤波器提取的多根线谱。离线辨识次级通道频响矩阵并求逆后,只需L×L个(通道数为L)2阶滤波器即可实现次级通道逆模型滤波,从而使控制器系数向最优值迅速收敛。还提出了窄带滤波相位差的自适应补偿算法,可提高线谱频率波动时的控制鲁棒性。在200 kW实船柴油发电机有源无源隔振装置上进行了实验,结果表明该算法可同时控制10~11根线谱,使每根线谱衰减10~35 dB。该算法运算量小,在保证收敛稳定性的同时、收敛速度大于FxLMS算法(尤其在次级通道矩阵特征值分散度大的情况)。     

多通道窄带Fx-Newton时频算法及动力机械有源隔振实验

提出了一种多通道窄带Fx—Newton算法,用多个控制器并联控制各窄带带通滤波器提取的多根线谱。离线辨识次级通道频响矩阵并求逆后,只需L×L个(通道数为L)2阶滤波器即可实现次级通道逆模型滤波,从而使控制器系数向最优值迅速收敛。还提出了窄带滤波相位差的自适应补偿算法,可提高线谱频率波动时的控制鲁棒性。在200kw实船柴油发电机有源无源隔振装置上进行了实验,结果表明该算法可同时控制10~11根线谱,使每根线谱衰减10~35dB。该算法运算量小,在保证收敛稳定性的同时、收敛速度大于FxLMS算法(尤其在次级通道矩阵特征值分散度大的情况)。      

基于LMS/SOLMS算法的时变多径水声信道估计方法

缓变信道下基于LMS算法的信道估计算法具有较好的跟踪性能,但对快变信道,LMS算法跟踪性能下降。SOLMS算法具有比LMS算法更好的跟踪性能,尤其是在快变的信道下。但由于SOLMS算法在收敛阶段的振荡性,这时收敛速度较LMS算法慢。本文提出一种收敛模式下用LMS算法获得信道的参数,收敛后则切换成SOLMS算法跟踪信道的变化的信道估计方法。新方法结合了LMS算法收敛快和SOLMS算法跟踪性能好的优点。对时变多径水声信道估计的计算机仿真实验证明了该方法的有效性。     

异构混合相关熵有源噪声控制算法

近几年兴起的基于最大相关熵准则的FxMCC(filtered-x maximum correntropy criterion)算法在有源噪声控制(active noise control, ANC)系统中取得了良好的降噪性能。然而,已有的FxMCC算法仅使用了单一的高斯核,算法在强脉冲噪声环境下降噪能力严重退化,且算法对核宽参数极敏感,不合适的核宽会降低算法降噪性能。为了弥补FxMCC算法的不足,本文引入异构混合相关熵,使用由高斯核和拉普拉斯核组成的混合核作为代价函数,推导了基于异构混合相关熵的FxMCC-MK(FxMCC-mixture kernels)算法。本文进一步分析了所提算法的收敛条件和稳定性,并与已有的算法进行了计算复杂度比较。仿真结果表明,在标准对称α稳定分布(symmetric α-stable, SαS)脉冲噪声和真实噪声录音的有源噪声控制中,相比于已有的相关熵算法,本文提出的FxMCC-MK算法具有更低的核宽参数敏感度,更强的鲁棒性和更快追踪能力。     

Time–frequency-domain filtered-x LMS algorithm for active noise control

This paper presents a time–frequency-domain filtered-x LMS (FXLMS) algorithm for active noise control (ANC) based on the short-time Fourier transform (STFT). We show that proposed algorithm has much reduced computational complexity and better convergence performance, as compared with the time-domain FXLMS algorithm. Additionally, computer simulations show that a time–frequency-domain FXLMS algorithm for ANC is effective in canceling non-stationary noise while a frequency-domain FXLMS algorithm remains inadequate at this task.     

Improving performance of FxRLS algorithm for active noise control of impulsive noise

Active noise control (ANC) systems employing adaptive filters suffer from stability issues in the presence of impulsive noise. New impulsive noise control algorithms based on filtered-x recursive least square (FxRLS) algorithm are presented. The FxRLS algorithm gives better convergence than the filtered-x least mean square (FxLMS) algorithm and its variants but lacks robustness in the presence of high impulsive noise. In order to improve the robustness of FxRLS algorithm for ANC of impulsive noise, two modifications are suggested. First proposed modification clips the reference and error signals while, the second modification incorporates energy of the error signal in the gain of FxRLS (MGFxRLS) algorithm. The results demonstrate improved stability and robustness of proposed modifications in the FxRLS algorithm. However, another limitation associated with the FxRLS algorithm is its computationally complex nature. In order to reduce the computational load, a hybrid algorithm based on proposed MGFxRLS and normalized step size FxLMS (NSS-FXLMS) is also developed in this paper. The proposed hybrid algorithm combines the stability of NSS-FxLMS algorithm with the fast convergence speed of the proposed MGFxRLS algorithm. The results of the proposed hybrid algorithm prove that its convergence speed is faster than that of NSS-FxLMS algorithm with computational complexity lesser than that of FxRLS algorithm.     

一种求解大型稀疏对称矩阵(极端)特征值问题的有效算法

提出一种求解大型稀疏对称矩阵几个最大(最小)特征值和相应特征向量的迭代块DL(即Davidson-Lanczos)算法并且讨论了迭代块DL算法的收敛率     

Lattice form adaptive infinite impulse response filtering algorithm for active noise control

In some situations of active noise control, infinite impulse response (IIR) filters are more suitable than finite impulse response (FIR) filters owing to the poles in the transfer function. A number of algorithms have been derived for applying IIR filters in active noise control; however, most of them use the direct form IIR filter structure, which faces the difficulties of checking stability and relatively slow convergence speed for noise composed of narrow-band components with large power disparity. To overcome these difficulties along with using the direct form IIR filters, a new adaptive algorithm is proposed in this paper, which uses and updates the lattice form adaptive IIR filter in an active noise control system. Full mathematical derivations of the proposed algorithm are presented, and the comparison between the proposed algorithm and the commonly used filtered-u LMS and filtered-v LMS algorithms shows the superiority of the proposed algorithm.     

Dynamic Active Noise Control of Broadband Noise in Fighter Aircraft Pilot Helmet

This paper presents the development of a dynamic Active Noise Control (ANC) algorithm aimed towards reducing the broadband noise inside the helmet earcups of a fighter aircraft pilot helmet. The dynamic ANC involves a Variable Step-Size Griffiths (VSSG) FxLMS algorithm to attenuate noise entering directly through helmet, a LMS based adaptive noise canceller to attenuate noise entering through the pilot microphone, and energy detectors for failure protection and optimized battery power usage. The algorithms are implemented on Texas Instruments’ TMS320C6748 processor and are tested in a helmet ANC experimental setup.     

A study of time-domain FXLMS algorithms with control output constraint.

A single input, single output active noise control system using the time-domain Filtered-X LMS algorithm with output constraint is investigated. The constraint on the output of the control filter is applied by three different methods: the leakage algorithm based on the transformation method using a penalty function; the re-scaling algorithm based on the active set method; and the simple practical (clipping) algorithm which just clips the output if a constraint is encountered. A comparison of the three algorithms shows that the re-scaling algorithm can usually work successfully under the constraint, while the leakage algorithm usually needs a large leakage coefficient to satisfy the constraint with a resulting performance loss. The clipping algorithm has potential problems both with the stability and convergence speed.     

A relaxed condition for "perfect" cancellation of broadband noise in 3D enclosures

This paper presents a relaxed condition for "perfect" cancellation of broadband noise in 3D enclosures. On the basis of a truncated modal model, it can be shown that the primary and secondary paths belong to a same subspace if a certain condition is satisfied. There exists a finite impulse response (FIR) filter transfer function vector for perfect cancellation of the primary paths. The analytical result is verified numerically with an active noise control (ANC) system in a 3D rectangular enclosure. The proposed ANC scheme is shown to fit well into the framework of an existing multichannel least-mean squares (LMS) algorithm for adaptive implementation.     

改进的变步长自适应最小均方算法及其数字信号处理

针对紫外光通信中传统自适应最小均方(LMS)算法存在的不足,提出了一种新的变步长LMS(VSS-LMS)算法,利用MATLAB仿真验证了该算法的可行性,以TMS320VC5509为核心设计了数字信号处理(DSP)最小化硬件系统和VSS-LMS算法的软件流程,在硬件上实现了传统LMS算法和新的VSS-LMS算法的自适应滤波,并进行了对比分析,结果表明所提出的VSS-LMS算法具有较快的收敛速度和较小的稳态误差,这对紫外光通信接收系统的设计和优化具有一定的参考意义。