Two-photon scattering by a cavity-coupled two-level emitter in a one-dimensional waveguide

We show that two-photon transport can be modulated by a two-level emitter coupled to a cavity in a one-dimensional waveguide. In the ordinary case, the transmitted light has a wider frequency spectrum than the situation without the cavity because it is reflected and scattered many times. But when the two photons are resonant with the cavity resonance reflection frequency, the frequency spectrum of the transmitted light becomes narrower than that without the cavity. This means that properly tuning the cavity resonance frequency can improve the photon–photon interaction. In addition, we show that the two-photon intensity correlation functions are nearly opposite to each other at the two sides of the emitter transition frequency rather than the same, which is exactly the Fano resonance line shape for two photons. Such an effect is important for lowering the power threshold in optical bistable devices and for sensing applications. When the emitter transition frequency equals to the cavity resonance frequency for a high-Q cavity, our results agree with the recent experiments and theories.     

Conductance and Statistical Properties of Chaotic and Integrable Electron Waveguides

We show that the S-matrix for electrons propagating in a waveguide has different statistical properties depending on whether the waveguide cavity shape gives rise to chaotic or integrable behavior classically. We obtain distributions of energy level spacings for integrable and chaotic billiards shaped like the waveguide cavity. We also obtain distributions for Wigner delay times and resonance widths for the waveguide, for integrable and chaotic cavity geometries. Our results, obtained by direct numerical calculation of the electron wave function, are consistent with the predictions of random matrix theory.     

A Decoherence-Reduction Scheme by Waveguides in Quantum Information Processing

Based on the result of cavity quantum electrodynamics, we suggest a method, in which the Fabry-Perot cavity or the confocal cavity is replaced by a waveguide with the size comparable to the wavelength of the photon, to reduce decoherence caused by spontaneous emission in quantum information processing, especially in the realization of quantum computation. Since a waveguide has a lowest cutoff frequency while a Fabry-Perot cavity or a confocal cavity has none, the spontaneous emission of excited atoms will be forbidden in an ideal waveguide with an appropriate size. To avoid the influence of the non-ideal conducting walls on the atom in a realistic waveguide, which will lead to decoherence, we suggest that the waveguide should be coated by a thin film of transparent insulating medium. In our method, the quantum information is represented by a multi-level atom or molecule; any two of its levels can be used to represent a qubit in principle. Our method greatly extends the choice of the material to be used in the realization of quantum computation, and it can be used in most schemes to reduce the decoherence caused by spontaneous emission.     

Coupled-resonator optical waveguides doped with nanocrystals

Microsphere resonators doped with semiconductor nanocrystals are explored as building blocks for coupled-resonator optical waveguides (CROWs). The evolution of individual cavity modes into coherently coupled waveguide modes is studied using polarization-sensitive microphotoluminescence spectroscopy. To demonstrate the formation of multisphere photon states, we use a bent linear array of microresonators and probe the properties of the cavity photon field by the spatially and spectrally resolved measurement of the nanocrystal emission. Photon mode coupling is evidenced by the observed mode splitting and emission intensity distributions along the CROW structure.     

Spontaneous emission of two quantum dots in a single-mode cavity

The spontaneous emission spectrum from two quantum dots （QDs） that are strongly coupled with a single-mode nanocavity is investigated using rigorous numerical calculations and simple analytical solutions of quantum dynamics. The emission spectra both from the side and along the axis of the cavity are considered. Modification of two parameters, the coupling strength and the detuning between the transition frequencies of the two quantum dots, allows us to efficiently control the shape of the spontaneous emission spectrum. Different profiles and their physical origins can be well understood in the dressed-state picture for the light-QD interaction in the on-resonance and off-resonance situations. In the on-resonance situation, the emission spectra exhibit symmetric features, and they are not altered by the asymmetry in the coupling pa- rameters. The axis spectra show two emission peaks while the side spectra have three emission peaks. In the off-resonance situation, the emission spectra always show an asymmetrical three-peak feature. When the two QDs have different decay parameters, singular features （a peak or a dip） can take place at the frequency of the cavity mode, and this is attributed to the unbalanced process of the emission and absorption of a single photon.     

Plasmonically induced reflection in metal-insulator-metal waveguides with two silver baffles coupled square ring resonator

A plasmonic waveguide coupled system that is composed of a square ring cavity and a metal–insulator–metal(MIM)waveguide with two silver baffles is proposed. The transmission and reflection properties of the proposed plasmonic system are investigated numerically using the finite element method. The normalized H_z field distributions are calculated to analyze the transmission mode in the plasmonic system. The extreme destructive interference between light mode and dark mode causes plasmonically induced reflection(PIR) window in the transmission spectrum. The PIR window is fitted using the coupled mode theory. The analytical result agrees with the simulation result approximately. In addition, the PIR window can be controlled by adjusting structural parameters and filling different dielectric into the MIM waveguide and the square ring cavity. The results provide a new approach to designing plasmonic devices.     

耦合结构有机微腔的光致发光特性

耦合光学微腔(Coupled optical microcavity,CMC)是一种特殊结构的微腔,在耦合微腔中,两个独立的微腔相邻耦合在一起.通常一个腔是无源的,另一个腔是有源的.首次研究了有机材料在耦合微腔中的自发发射特性.实验采用的有机发光材料为八羟基喹啉铝Tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminium(Alq₃),器件的结构为Glass/DBR_A/Filler/DBR_B/Alq₃/DBR_C.底部腔是无源的,组成为DBR_A/Filler/DBR_B.顶部腔是有源的,由DBR_B/Alq₃/DBR_C构成.其中反射镜DBR_A、DBR_B、DBR_C以及填充层(Filler)均由光学介质材料构成.通过结构设计使两个腔的谐振波长均位于530nm.耦合微腔器件与单层Alq₃薄膜相比较,Alq₃薄膜的光致发光光谱是峰值位于511nm的宽谱带,而在耦合微腔器件中观察到的是具有两个腔模式,峰值波长分别位于518,553nm的增强并窄化的光谱.这是由于两个腔的光场耦合引起了腔模式分裂.结果表明耦合微腔能极大地改变有机材料的自发发射特性,可以用来提高器件的发光效率.     

二能级原子与高品质因子腔的自发辐射特性

用全量子理论研究二能级原子单模腔耦合系统,通过理论推导和数值计算得出系统的自发辐射光谱和平均粒子数密度.共振时腔与原子的发射光谱在强耦合与弱耦合区域有所不同,腔发射光谱分裂只出现于强耦合区域,而原子发射光谱由于腔感应透明效应在弱耦合区域出现了缺口.本文系统地研究了原子与腔在失谐时的发射光谱,在好腔机理(腔线宽小于原子线宽g)原子与腔即使在大失谐时腔发射出腔频率的光子,这给当前实验上困惑的特性提供了一个理论依据.为了给腔感应透明效应一个新的深入了解,还研究了原子与腔平均粒子数密度随时间的演化,以及平均粒子数密度与光强度之间的关系. 关键词： 自发辐射 强耦合 腔感应透明 好腔机理     

Coherent single photon transport in a one-dimensional waveguide coupled with superconducting quantum bits

A recent theoretical analysis and experimental results show that interesting transport properties of a single microwave photon emerge when a quantum bit in a cavity is coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide. Here we adopt a real-space model Hamiltonian to give a unified approach which accounts for the experimental results, and make new predictions on the properties of single photon transport, such as the general Fano line shape, symmetric vacuum Rabi splitting for a leaky cavity at resonance, and a one-photon switching capability.     

Fano interference and transparency in a waveguide-nanocavity hybrid system with an auxiliary cavity

We investigate theoretically single photon transport in one-dimensional waveguide coupled to a pair of cavities, which are denoted by the first cavity and the auxiliary cavity. Two cases with no atom and one atom embedded in the first cavity are discussed. The Fano dips in the transmission spectrum and locations of transparency window are calculated. When no atom is embedded in the first cavity, there exists a transparency window under the condition that the first cavity and the auxiliary cavity are not resonant. The locations of the transparency window and Fano line type depend strongly on the eigen frequency of the auxiliary cavity and the coupling strength between the auxiliary cavity and the waveguide. When one atom is embedded in the first cavity, we show that the transparency window exists even though the first cavity, the atom and the auxiliary cavity are resonant. The Fano line type is strongly dependent on the eigen frequency of the auxiliary cavity and the coupling strength. Our results have potential applications in design of quantum devices at the level of single photon,such as single photon switch and single photon routers.     

Single mode lasers based on monolithic integration of ridge waveguides with 2D photonic crystal waveguides

The monolithic combination of active light sources with photonic crystal (PC) waveguide components is a key building block for future highly integrated photonic circuits. We demonstrate the coupling of light from an InGaAs/AlGaAs ridge waveguide laser to a monolithically integrated 2D PC waveguide. The PC guide is formed by removing three or five rows in a triangular lattice of air rods etched into the semiconductor. A tapered ridge waveguide geometry is demonstrated to improve coupling efficiency, so that maximum output powers of up to 10 mW from the PC waveguide are achieved. The resulting coupled cavity laser shows single mode emission with side mode suppression ratios > 35 dB over a broad range of injection currents.     

Control of Two-Photon Transport in a One-Dimensional Waveguide

We study the system consisting of a one-dimension waveguide side-coupled to a nonlinear cavity which was doped with a lambda-type atom and investigate the control of photons transport in one-dimension waveguide through manipulating the atom contained in the cavity. Employing the polariton technique, we show that in the single-photon case, the system behaves as a waveguide coupled to a two-level system. By solving the Schr?dinger equation, we show that single photon switch can be achieved by tuning the Rabi frequency of the classical field. In the two-photon case, the system behaves like a waveguide coupled to a cascade three-level system. Two-photon quantum correlation in the position variation can be controlled by adjusting the Rabi frequency.     

利用耦合波导列提高光子晶体波导辐射

将耦合波导列应用于光子晶体单模波导,提出一种提高光辐射的光子晶体结构. 基于时域有限差分方法的理论研究表明,当将耦合波导列附加到单模光子晶体波导出口端的适当位置,使出射光分成若干强弱不一的光束,这些光束在传播空间通过干涉形成一定程度的汇聚,大大提高了光子晶体波导在水平方向的光辐射效率. 另外,当耦合波导列的行数大于某固定值(2N=8)时,辐射质量基本保持不变,由此可获得最紧凑的器件结构. 这种类型光子晶体在近场光学和集成光学等诸多方面有潜在的应用价值. 关键词： 光子晶体波导 光辐射 波导列 耦合波导     

Second-order filtering and sensing with partially coupled traveling waves in a single resonator

The counterpropagating waves in a single traveling-wave cavity can be partially coupled by means of a small perturbation such as a notch. When it is side coupled to a waveguide, this single cavity yields a general second-order (Chebyshev) reflection response in the waveguide, which is useful for narrow-bandwidth reflecting applications. In a different application, the cavity amplifies small reflections induced by external perturbations, thus finding use in ultrafine sensing. Amplification factors as great as 10(12) are predicted for the highest-Q microsphere resonators. The analytic theory of these devices is presented.     

Designing coupled microcavity lasers for high-Q modes with unidirectional light emission

We design coupled optical microcavities and report directional light emission from high-Q modes for a broad range of refractive indices. The system consists of a circular cavity that provides a high-Q mode in the form of a whispering gallery mode, whereas an adjacent deformed microcavity plays the role of a waveguide or collimator of the light transmitted from the circular cavity. As a result of this very simple, yet robust, concept we obtain high-Q modes with promising directional emission characteristics. No information about phase space is required, and the proposed scheme can be easily realized in experiments.     

条形耦合波导对光子晶体耦合缺陷模的影响

光子晶体的耦合缺陷模可以通过透射谱形状来表征,而透射谱形状则与连接缺陷的条形耦合波导相关.不同于直接耦合时信号相移只依赖于缺陷模的共振频率,当存在耦合波导时信号相移也决定于波导的长度和色散关系.随着波导长度的增加,透射谱形状发生从三峰到两峰,再到平项,最后又回到三峰的周期性变化.时间耦合模的分析表明,在缺陷模频率附近理论结果与时域有限差分法的计算结果完全一致,表明在此复杂情况下理论模型依然有效.     

Control of Spontaneous Emission from a Microwave Field Coupled Five-Level M-type Atom in Photonic Crystals

We investigate the spontaneous emission spectrum of a five-level M-type atom driven by a microwave field, in which one lower level is coupled by the same modified reservoir to two upper levels. The results show that a few interesting phenomena in spontaneous emission spectra, such as spectral-line shift, spectral-line enhancement and spectral-line suppression, which can be controlled by adjusting the proper parameters of the system. These phenomena can originate from quantum interference of the strong coupling system.     

Dispersive photon blockade in a superconducting circuit

Mediated photon-photon interactions are realized in a superconducting coplanar waveguide cavity coupled to a superconducting charge qubit. These nonresonant interactions blockade the transmission of photons through the cavity. This so-called dispersive photon blockade is characterized by measuring the total transmitted power while varying the energy spectrum of the photons incident on the cavity. A staircase with four distinct steps is observed and can be understood in an analogy with electron transport and the Coulomb blockade in quantum dots. This work differs from previous efforts in that the cavity-qubit excitations retain a photonic nature rather than a hybridization of qubit and photon and provides the needed tolerance to disorder for future condensed matter experiments.     

非共振耗散腔耦合系统的发射光谱

研究了非共振耗散二能级双原子与双单模腔耦合系统发射光谱的性质。探讨了原子和腔场之间的失谐、腔场衰减率及原子失相对该系统发射光谱的影响。结果表明,体系的腔场谱呈现出三重峰结构,原子发射谱呈现出二重峰结构。非共振情况时,腔场谱和原子发射谱的图像皆为非对称图像。在原子与腔场失谐时,与共振情况相比,峰位发生了明显的漂移,且中峰明显增大。增大腔场与原子的失谐,会引起边峰向低频段漂移,并改变其光谱强度;增大原子与腔场的失谐,可以使光谱整体向低频段漂移,并改变其所有峰的光谱强度。随着腔场衰减率的增大,共振情况下,会导致边峰的强度减小;失谐情况下,会导致所有峰的强度均减小。随着原子失相的增大,共振或失谐情况下,会使光谱所有峰的强度均减小。     

A broadband grating-coupled silicon nitride waveguide for the mid-IR: characterization and sensitive measurements using an external cavity quantum cascade laser

We present the design and fabrication of a single-mode slab waveguide structure for mid-infrared spectroscopy optimized for broadband coupling. The sensor uses grating couplers for robust off-axis coupling and a silicon nitride guiding layer for mechanical robustness. An external cavity quantum cascade laser-based transmission method is introduced for characterizing the structure’s broadband coupling behavior. Light from an external cavity quantum cascade laser with a spectral range of 0.5 μm around 6 μm was coupled into the waveguide without the need for moving parts. First spectra taken with this sensor are presented.