单个飞秒激光作用下熔融石英的微爆阈值研究

对飞秒激光脉冲在透明介质中产生微爆的物理机制进行了研究,比较了长短激光脉冲的光击穿机制,基于Fokker-Planck方程建立了飞秒激光微爆模型,给出了飞秒激光脉冲在透明介质中产生微爆的阈值解析表达式.针对飞秒激光脉冲在熔石英介质中的微爆阈值进行了计算,得到的结果与实验结果基本相符.     

CS_2飞秒超快非线性特性的实验研究

采用中心波长800 nm、脉宽30 fs的超短激光脉冲,通过飞秒光开关技术对CS_2的飞秒超快非线性特性进行了实验研究.在探测光强与抽运光强比为1∶10时,得到了较理想的光克尔时间分辨曲线.通过实验测定的光克尔信号强度与激发光和探测光偏振方向夹角的依赖关系表明:30 fs的超短激光脉冲激发CS_2的克尔信号主要是源于光诱导双折射效应,而非用200 fs的超短激光脉冲时来自瞬态栅的自衍射效应.     

飞秒激光

激光被视为神奇之光,自从1960年美国科学家首次研究出世界第一台奇特的新光源——激光器以来,这个神奇的小光点,给人类带来了福音,被广泛的应用于工业、农业、医疗卫生、通讯、军事、科研等许多领域,仅仅40年的时间,激光为人类做出了巨大的贡献. 近年来,科学家研究发现了一种更为神奇的光,被称为希望之光——飞秒激光.科学家预测飞秒激光将为21世纪新能源的产生发挥重要作用,为人类揭示微观世界和科学技术的突破性研究创造条件. 1 飞秒激光的特性飞秒(fs)激光是一种以脉冲形式运转的激光,持续时间非常短,只有几个飞秒,1fs=     

富勒烯有机-无机杂化材料的非共珍三阶非线性光学特性

采用中心波长800 nm、脉宽30 fs的超短激光脉冲,通过飞秒光开关技术(Optical Kerr Shutter,OKS)对富勒烯有机-无机杂化材料的飞秒超快非线性特性进行了实验研究.获得270 fs的开关时间,所得的富勒烯有机-无机杂化材料的三阶非线性系数X~(3)约为4.5×10~(-4) esu,比C_(60)分子的三阶非线性系数X~(3)高一个数量级.通过实验测定的光克尔信号强度与激发光和探测光偏振方向夹角的依赖关系表明:30 fs的超短激光脉冲激发富勒烯有机-无机杂化材料的克尔信号主要是源于光诱导双折射效应,而非用200 fs的超短激光脉冲时来自瞬态栅的自衍射效应.     

富勒烯有机-无机杂化材料的非共珍三阶非线性光学特性

采用中心波长800 nm、脉宽30 fs的超短激光脉冲,通过飞秒光开关技术（Optical Kerr Shutter,OKS）对富勒烯有机-无机杂化材料的飞秒超快非线性特性进行了实验研究.获得270 fs的开关时间,所得的富勒烯有机-无机杂化材料的三阶非线性系数χ(3)约为4.5×10－14 esu,比C60分子的三阶非线性系数χ(3)高一个数量级.通过实验测定的光克尔信号强度与激发光和探测光偏振方向夹角的依赖关系表明：30 fs的超短激光脉冲激发富勒烯有机-无机杂化材料的克尔信号主要是源于光诱导双折射效应,而非用200 fs的超短激光脉冲时来自瞬态栅的自衍射效应.     

超短激光脉冲对宽带光学物质的微加工

通过讨论超快飞秒激光脉冲和长脉冲宽度的激光脉冲紧导致宽能隙透明电介质的损伤机理和比较超短激光脉冲与长激光脉冲对宽能隙透明电介质的损伤程度，得出超短激光脉冲是一种可对透明宽带电介质进行加工的有效工具的结论。当波长为800nm，脉冲宽度为150fs的激光脉冲紧聚焦到不同的宽能隙透明电介质（K9玻璃和ZK6玻璃）体内时，可制作不同光栅常数的光栅，并在波长为635nm的He-Ne连续激光的垂直照射下，对光栅的远场相对衍射效率和光栅的衍射效率进行了测量。     

激光导致的透明固体损伤模型

详细分析了描述激光导致损伤的"移动的损伤"模型,发现该模型不适用于常见的飞秒激光对绝缘性透明固体材料处理的情况(如:800nm的100fs激光脉冲,0.65NA紧聚焦系统),此时脉冲与物质间相互作用区域和聚焦系统的瑞利长度可以比拟.对模型做了改进,改进后的模型可以很好地预期飞秒激光脉冲在固体中产生损伤的时间和空间形态.     

飞秒脉冲在透明材料中的三维光存储及其机理

使用经钛宝石啁啾脉冲放大的脉冲宽度为200fs、波长为800nm、重复频率为1kHz的超短脉冲激光束,紧聚焦到熔融石英中实现了三维逐位式光数据存储,记录下20层三维数据位点,利用CCD和数码相机对数据位进行了观察讨论了飞秒超短脉冲与透明介质的相互作用,以及产生等离子体的雪崩电离和多光子吸收电离的机理实验结果表明:在飞秒超短脉冲与透明光学介质的相互作用中起主要作用的是多光子吸收.     

飞秒激光空气等离子体发射光谱的实验研究

对强飞秒激光聚焦在空气中所激发的等离子体的发射光谱进行了实验研究.结果表明,光谱特征表现为短波段(截至波长为340 nm)强烈的连续谱和长波段(波长在800 nm附近)强度相对较低的线光谱.在脉冲宽度(50 fs)保持不变而不断调节激光脉冲能量时,等离子体光谱形状的特征基本相似;当激光脉冲能量(1 mJ)保持不变而脉冲宽度从50 fs增加至500 fs和1 ps时,连续谱的峰值(500 nm)显得格外突出,并开始呈现出线光谱特征. 关键词： 飞秒激光 激光空气等离子体 发射光谱 线光谱     

飞秒激光在透明介质中诱导光学微腔的实验研究

鉴于飞秒激光脉冲持续时间极短且峰值功率极高，将其紧聚焦到透明介质体内部时，易引发双光子效应、碰撞电离、雪崩击穿等一系列非线性过程，在焦点处产生微爆，从而形成微腔结构。提出采用25fs的激光脉冲在透明介质内部诱导形成微腔结构。分析了微腔的能量阈值。结合三维精密位移台，制备了三维微腔点阵。探讨了超短激光脉冲在透明介质内部形成微腔结构的方法与基本实验参数。试验发现：采用更短脉宽的飞秒脉冲时可以降低微腔形成的能量阈值；通过调整飞秒激光功率、脉冲作用次数和光束聚焦情况等因素，可以有效改变微腔的纵深比；在数值孔径较低时因无法实现紧聚焦，故不能形成微腔。     

New directions in sub-10-fs optical pulse generation

Sub-10-fs pulse generation has reached a maturity and robustness that gave rise to a rapid increase of new ultrafast applications. Some of these novel applications rely on the octave-spanning spectral width, the coherence properties, or the extremely high peak intensity of femtosecond lasers, which sets them apart from the traditional use of femtosecond lasers in ultrafast spectroscopy. In this review, we concentrate on the sub-10-fs regime and first discuss the state of the art in ultrashort pulse generation. We then report on ultrabroadband wavelength conversion schemes and dispersion control by chirped mirrors. We also review advances in pulse characterization methods, with which we can measure pulse properties with much higher accuracy than simple autocorrelation methods and which support even a bandwidth in the single-cycle regime. With the recent demonstrations of pulses with a duration of merely two optical cycles, a regime is entered where the relative phase between the carrier and the envelope of the pulse starts to play a role. We discuss methods to measure and control the carrier–envelope phase and point out applications in frequency metrology. A wealth of further novel directions and developments in femtosecond research is reviewed in this article.     

飞秒激光在三维微细体系中的应用

飞秒激光的超快特性使其能以极低的脉冲能量获得超强光场,并且激光加照区淀积的能量能以通过热扩散途径逸出辐照区域,其与透明物质相互作用是通过双光子或多光子吸收过程实现,故作用区限域于焦点核心很小体积内,因而在三维微制备及生物医学领域有着独到优势。文章介绍了飞秒激光应用于微爆炸、高密度三维光学数据存储、直写光波导及三维光子晶体制备、生物医学工程等方面的最新进展。飞秒激光三维微制备技术在微电子、计算机、光通信、生物医学等高技术领域有着广阔的应用前景。     

Two-dimensional materials-decorated microfiber devices for pulse generation and shaping in fiber lasers

Two-dimensional(2D) materials have been regarded as a promising nonlinear optical medium for fabricating versatile optical and optoelectronic devices. Among the various photonic applications, the employment of 2D materials as nonlinear optical devices such as saturable absorbers for ultrashort pulse generation and shaping in ultrafast lasers is one of the most striking aspects in recent years. In this paper, we review the recent progress of 2D materials based pulse generation and soliton shaping in ultrafast fiber lasers, and particularly in the context of 2D materials-decorated microfiber photonic devices. The fabrication of 2D materials-decorated microfiber photonic devices, high performance mode-locked pulse generation, and the nonlinear soliton dynamics based on pulse shaping method are discussed. Finally, the challenges and the perspective of the 2D materials-based photonic devices as well as their applications are also discussed.     

Capillary discharge tabletop soft X-ray lasers reach new wavelengths and applications

For many years, researchers have envisioned the development of compact high repetition rate tabletop soft X-ray lasers that could be routinely used in application in numerous disciplines. With demonstrated average powers of several mW and mJ-level pulse energy at 46.9 nm, capillary discharge-pumped lasers are the first compact lasers to reach this goal. In this paper we summarize the development status of high repetition rate tabletop soft X-ray lasers based on capillary discharge excitation, and give examples of their successful use in several applications. Results of the use of a capillary discharge pumped 46.9 nm laser in dense plasma interferometry, soft X-ray reflectometry for the determination of optical constants, and laser ablation are described. The observation of lasing at 53 nm line in Ne-like Cl with output pulse energy up to 10 μJ is also reported.     

Attosecond‐precision ultrafast photonics

We review our recent progress toward attosecond‐precision ultrafast photonics based on ultra‐low timing jitter optical pulse trains from mode‐locked lasers. In femtosecond mode‐locked lasers, the concentration of a large number of photons in an extremely short pulse duration enables the scaling of timing jitter into the attosecond regime. To characterize such jitter levels, we developed new attosecond‐resolution measurement techniques and show that standard fiber lasers can achieve sub‐fs high‐frequency jitter. By leveraging the ultra‐low jitter of free‐running mode‐locked lasers, we pursued high‐precision optical‐optical and optical‐microwave synchronization techniques. Optical signals spanning 1.5 octaves were synthesized by attosecond‐precision timing and phase synchronization of two independent mode‐locked lasers. High‐stability microwave signals were also synthesized from mode‐locked lasers with drift‐free sub‐10‐fs precision. We further demonstrated the attosecond‐precision distribution of optical pulse trains to remote locations via timing‐stabilized fiber links. Finally, the application of optical pulse trains for high‐resolution sampling and analog‐to‐digital conversion is discussed.     

Laser-jamming analysis of combined fiber lasers to imaging CCD

To complete a successful laser jamming to imaging charge coupled device (CCD) based on combined fiber lasers, the interactions between CCD and combined fiber lasers were analyzed in detail. The saturation and crosstalk thresholds of CCD were achieved, which are lower than 10 mW/cm². Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, the thermal processes under single pulse, multi-pulses and continuous laser irradiations were developed. The simulation results have proved the possibility of hard damage caused by multi-pulses and continuous laser irradiations. The combined fiber lasers is suitable to deploy optical saturation jamming at present. The further applications of combined fiber lasers need a more powerful laser source and a more accurate tracking and pointing system.     

ICAN as a new laser paradigm for high energy,high average power femtosecond pulses

The application of petawatt lasers to scientific and technological problems is advancing rapidly. The usefulness of these applications will depend on being able to produce petawatt pulses at much higher repetition rates than is presently possible. The International Coherent Amplification Network (ICAN) consortium seeks to design high repetition rate petawatt lasers using large scale coherent beam combination of femtosecond pulse amplifiers built from optical fibres. This combination of technologies has the potential to overcome many of the hurdles to high energy, high average power pulsed lasers, opening up applications and meeting societal challenges.     

Numerical study of converting beat-note signals of dual-frequency lasers to optical frequency combs by optical injection locking of semiconductor lasers

The optical injection locking of semiconductor lasers to dual-frequency lasers is studied by numerical simulations. The beat-note signals can be effectively transformed to optical frequency combs due to the effective four wave-mixing in the active semiconductor gain medium. The low-noise Gaussian-like pulse can be obtained by locking the relaxation oscillation and compensating the gain asymmetry. The simulations suggest that pulse trains of width below 30 ps and repetition rate in GHz frequency can be generated simply by the optical injection locking of semiconductor lasers. Since the optical injection locking can broaden the spectrum and amplify the optical power simultaneously, it can be a good initial stage for generating optical frequency combs from dual-frequency lasers by multi-stage of spectral broadening in nonlinear waveguides.     

基于阿秒抖动光纤锁模激光器的时钟同步

光纤锁模激光器结构简单, 运转稳定, 且输出的超短脉冲序列具有极高的时钟稳定性, 在抽运探测、脉冲相干合成等要求高精度时钟同步的前沿领域有着广阔的应用前景. 本文通过激光器腔内的电光调制器进行反馈控制, 实现了两台光纤锁模激光器之间的紧密时钟信号同步; 并且通过平衡光学互相关方法, 对残余的时钟误差信号进行了测量, 分辨率达到了13 as. 通过优化激光器的腔内动力学过程及反馈环路的参数, 在[1 Hz, 10 MHz]的积分区间内得到了109 as的残余时钟误差, 对应单台激光器的平均时间抖动为77 as.     

Spectral line‐by‐line shaping for optical and microwave arbitrary waveform generations

Spectral line‐by‐line shaping is a key enabler towards optical arbitrary waveform generation, which promises broad impact both in optical science and technology. In this paper, generation of optical and microwave arbitrary waveforms using the spectral line‐by‐line shaping technique is reviewed. Compared to conventional pulse shaping, significant new physics arises in the line‐by‐line regime, where the shaped pulse fields generated from one laser pulse now overlap with those generated from adjacent pulses. This leads to coherent interference effects related to the properties of optical frequency combs which serve as the source in these experiments. We explore such effects in a series of experiments using several different high‐repetition‐rate optical combs, including harmonically mode‐locked lasers and continuous‐wave lasers that are externally phase modulated either with or without the help of an optical cavity. As an application of line‐by‐line pulse shaping, we describe generation of microwave electrical arbitrary waveforms that can be reprogrammed at rates approaching 10 GHz.