Ge纳米结构的形貌与铁磁性研究

利用等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术制备了厚度不同的Ge薄膜, 随着样品厚度的减小, 样品表现出了室温铁磁性. 厚度为12 nm样品经过300 ℃退火后, 由于颗粒细化, 颗粒之间的界面增加, 界面缺陷增加, 样品表现出最大的铁磁性 (50 emu/cm³). 场冷却和零场冷却曲线测试表明居里温度约为350 K. 进行600 ℃退火后, 颗粒团聚, 样品的铁磁性最小. 当样品厚度进一步减小为6 nm时, 沉积态样品表现出铁磁性和顺磁性共存. 对6 nm厚的样品进行300 ℃退火后, 样品只具有铁磁性. 进行600 ℃退火后, 样品却只具有顺磁性. 12 nm 和6 nm 厚的Ge纳米结构薄膜随退火温度变化表现出不同的磁性规律, 我们认为是由于样品的颗粒大小和颗粒分布不同造成的. 样品越薄, Si基底与Ge薄膜之间的界面缺陷越明显, 界面缺陷以及Ge颗粒之间的界面缺陷为样品提供了未配对电子, 未配对电子的铁磁性耦合强度与样品颗粒的分布以及颗粒之间的结合有一定的关系. 颗粒之间分散或颗粒之间的融合程度大都将会降低样品的铁磁性.     

W/SiO2基太阳光谱选择性吸收薄膜的制备和表征

采用磁控溅射镀膜仪制备了基于过渡金属W和介质SiO_2的6层薄膜样品,膜系结构为Cu (100.0nm)/SiO_2(63.5nm)/W(11.0nm)/SiO_2(60.0nm)/W(5.4nm)/SiO_2(75.5nm)。在250～2500nm的波长范围内,该样品的太阳光吸收率为95.3%,且在400℃低真空(6Pa)条件下退火72h之后,样品的反射光谱特性变化较小,证明了该样品具有极高的热稳定性。使用红外热成像仪对样品的红外辐射特性进行了在位实时表征,结果表明样品具有低辐射特性。这些优良的特性有利于该样品在太阳能光热转换中的应用。     

光系统Ⅱ荧光特性快速扫描成象光谱技术研究

本文以菠菜(Spinica oleracea L.)叶绿体中的PS颗粒复合物、CP47、CP43和LHC为材料,对其结构和功能关系进行了分析,用扫描成象光谱技术对这四种样品的光谱特性进行了研究,并通过对其荧光发射光谱图象的处理,得到它们的荧光发射光谱曲线.分析结果表明,PS颗粒复合物的荧光发射光谱中心波长在680.1nm,波段的范围较宽;CP43荧光光谱的中心波长位于680nm,并在近红外区观察到振动小峰;CP47荧光光谱的中心波长在691.3nm处;CP47和CP43在短波长区640nm和长波长区720nm附近分别出现肩峰,推测可能是样品中游离的叶绿素a和叶绿素b分子引起;LCH荧光发射光谱的峰值位于678nm,光谱范围为576nm～780nm.     

纳米氧化锌中三光子吸收与倍频效应致光辐射特性

为研究强光激励下纳米氧化锌发光机制,以气相传输法制备的冠状样品为对象,室温下以1 100nm与1 150 nm脉冲激光以及350 nm氙灯对其进行激励,观测光致发光谱.根据光强关系和强场与物质作用的三阶微扰理论,认为1 100,1 150 nm激光激励下的样品的紫外与可见光波段的辐射机理分别归因于样品中三光子吸收和二次谐波效应.同时,基于激子非弹性碰撞复合机制,对紫外辐射的红移现象进行了分析.     

紫外激发下锰掺杂纳米氧化锌

应用气相传输法, 以铜为催化剂, 在硅衬底上制备了锰掺杂氧化锌纳米四足晶须. 利用x射线与电子衍射谱、扫瞄电镜和高分辨率透射电镜, 对样品形貌、结构和成份进行表征与检测; 通过355nm与375nm紫外光激发下掺杂与未掺杂样品光致发光谱的对比, 结合拉曼散射谱与光致激发谱对掺杂样品中反常光致发光机理进行分析. 结果表明, 样品沿［0001］方向生长的前端和内部长有纤细刺状结构的中空六方管组成; 样品中掺入Mn2+的无辐射复合中心作用, 是掺杂样品紫外辐射强度和谱宽变小的主要原因, 氧化锌晶体中晶格周期对Mn2+中d-d电子跃迁过程的影响, 是375nm紫外光激发下掺杂样品中415nm辐射峰产生的主要原因.     

基于内标法的钢铁中硫和磷激光诱导击穿光谱定量分析

利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术对铬钢样品中的硫、磷元素进行了定量分析.采用1 064nm Nd∶YAG固体激光器,在空气中激发样品,产生的光谱信号通过中阶梯光栅分光后进入EMCCD检测器,对波长在220~800nm范围的光谱信号进行检测.研究了光谱强度与延时时间以及激光能量之间的关系.在优化的实验参数下采用谱线强度比内标法定量分析三种铬钢样品中的硫、磷元素含量.实验结果表明,各元素定量结果的相对标准偏差最大值为2.6%,相对误差为-8.3%~12.5%.三种铬钢样品中硫含量分别为0.011%、0.0079%和0.0048%,磷含量分别为0.015%、0.014%和0.009%.激光诱导击穿光谱技术有望实现冶金工业的实时、在线和快速检测.     

Mo/B4C软X射线多层膜结构特性研究

在6.7<λ<10.0nm波段选择Mo/B₄C作为多层膜材料,并采用磁控溅射法制备出多层膜样品.这些多层膜样品的周期结构为3.35nm～5.52nm.采用X射线衍射仪和透射电镜(TEM)对样品的微观结构进行研究.结构表明,这些多层膜样品的结构质量很高,并有很好的热稳定性.     

基于概率神经网络的荧光光谱法识别高甘油三脂血清

针对因正常和高甘油三脂血清荧光光谱混叠致使其识别率不高的问题,首先测量了正常和高甘油三脂血清样品在260,370,580 nm激发光下产生的荧光光谱,并以荧光强度作为样品的初始特征;其次,采用主成分分析法对初始特征进行分析和提取,获得了样品的特征向量;最后,构建了4层概率神经网络,并对正常和高甘油三脂血清样品进行了识别。对采用不同荧光光谱进行血清样品识别的效果进行了对比,结果表明,采用260 nm和370 nm荧光光谱识别正常和高甘油三脂血清的正确率分别为100%和95%。实验验证了研究方案的可行性和效果,对发展荧光光谱技术在识别高甘油三脂血症中的应用具有重要的意义和价值。     

基于PCA和PNN的高甘油三脂血清荧光光谱识别

基于主成分分析和概率神经网络,提出了一种有效识别高甘油三脂血清荧光光谱的新方法.研究测量了正常和高甘油三脂血清在290 nm和350 nm激发光下产生的荧光光谱,并分别以3种采样间隔(1 nm、2 nm和5 nm)提取荧光强度作为样品的初始特征;利用主成分分析法对初始特征进行分析,以累积可信度大于95%的主成分作为样品特征;构建了4层概率神经网络,并分析了平滑系数和采样间隔对识别效果的影响.实验结果表明,当采样间隔采用5 nm,平滑系数位于0.26~0.92区间时,正常和高甘油三脂血清样品的识别率可达到95%和100%.     

高效医用闪烁体Lu2SiO5:Ce的真空紫外光谱研究

利用同步辐射真空紫外光谱技术对高效医用闪烁体Lu₂SiO₅:Ce进行了研究.结果表明,粉末微晶样品中位于250—320nm之间的两个激发带相对于单晶样品变的非常弱,两种样品对应于基质吸收的激发带的位置和峰形都不相同,表明它们中存在不同的缺陷.在185nm激发下,两类样品的发射谱基本相似,粉末微晶样品的略有红移,位于350—500之间的发射带对应于Ce³⁺5d→4f跃迁,可以分解为来源于两种Ce发光中心的3个子带.位于550nm附近的新的弱发射带可能源于第二种Ce中心的发射或来源于材料中的缺陷.     

PLD方法制备的纳米Fe/Al薄膜的结构及应力分析

 采用PLD方法制备了Fe/Al合金薄膜，研究了Fe/Al合金薄膜的物相、结构、应力等。研究表明薄膜的沉积速率随着衬底温度的升高而降低。原子力显微镜（AFM）图像显示，薄膜表面平整、致密且光滑，均方根粗糙度小于1 nm。等离子体发射谱（ICP）表明Fe/Al原子比为1∶1。X射线小角衍射（XRD）分析表明薄膜中的物相是Al_0.5Fe_0.5，Al_0.5Fe_0.5晶体具有简单立方结构(SC)，晶格常数为0.297 nm，平均晶粒尺寸为81.74 nm，平均微畸变为0.007 6。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of a large-dimensional bulk nanocrystalline-based Fe–Al–Cr alloy prepared by an aluminothermic reaction casting and followed annealing at 1000 °C

A large-dimensional bulk nanocrystalline phase-based Fe–Al–Cr alloy with 10?wt.% Cr, which was about 200?mm in diameter and 10?mm in thickness, was prepared by an aluminothermic reaction casting and followed annealing at 1000?°C. Microstructures of the alloy were investigated by optical microscope, electron probe microscope, scanning electron microscope attached with electron backscattered diffraction, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. The magnetization curves of the alloy were tested by Lake Shore 7410 vibrating sample magnetometer. Compressive properties of the alloy were tested. The results show the alloy was consisted of a Fe–Al–Cr nanocrystalline matrix, Cr₇C₃ phase and contaminants in micrometre. Average grain size of the nanocrystalline matrix was 19?nm. Volume fraction of the Cr₇C₃ phase in the alloy was about 4.5%. After annealing, the saturated intensity of magnetization and the specific magnetic susceptibility of the alloy increased slightly from 99 emu/g and 0.083 emu/g?Oe to 104 emu/g and 0.113 emu/g?Oe, respectively. Compressive strength of the alloy was 1200?MPa and much higher than that of the small-scale nanocrystalline alloy and alloy with grains in micrometre.     

钙铝镁合金阴极对WOLED器件性能的影响

采用Ca/Al/Mg合金作为器件的阴极,基于红绿/蓝双发光层制作了6种白色磷光OLED器件,器件结构为ITO/MoO₃ (30 nm)/NPB (40 nm)/mCP:Firpic (8%,40 nm)/CBP:R-4B (2%):Ir(ppy)₃ (14%,5 nm)/TPBi (10 nm)/Alq₃(40 nm)/Ca:Al:Mg (x%,100 nm) (x=0,5,10,15,20,25)。通过改变Mg的掺杂比例,研究了不同比例的Ca/Al/Mg合金阴极对器件性能的影响。结果表明:Mg质量分数为15%的Ca/Al/Mg阴极具有良好的电子注入特性,有效改善了器件的发光特性,最大发光亮度可达1 504 cd/m²,效率达到最大值14.3 cd/A,色坐标接近(0.46, 0.42)。     

Surface modification of Al-20Si alloy by high current pulsed electron beam

Hypereutectic Al-20Si (Si 20 wt.%, Al balance)alloy surface was treated with high current pulsed electron beam (HCPEB) under different pulse numbers. The results indicate that HCPEB irradiation induces the formation of metastable structures on the treated surface. The coarse primary Si particle melts, producing a “halo” microstructure with primary Si as the center on the melted surface. A supersaturated solid solution of Al is formed in the melted layer caused by Si atoms dissolving into the Al matrix. Cross-section structure analysis shows that a 4 μm remelted layer is formed underneath the top surface of the HCEPB-treated sample. Compared with the matrix, the Al and Si elements in the remelted layer are distributed uniformly. In addition, the grains of the Al-20Si alloy surface are refined after HCPEB treatment, as shown by TEM observation. Nano-silicon particles are dispersed on the surface of remelted layer. Polygonal subgrains, approximately 50-100 nm in size, are formed in the Al matrix. The hardness test results show that the microhardness of the α(Al) and eutectic structure is increased with increasing pulse number. The hardness of the “halo” microstructure presents a gradient change after 15 pulse treatment due to the diffusion of Si atoms. Furthermore, hardness tests of the cross-section at different depths show that the microhardness of the remelted layer is higher than that of the matrix. Therefore, HCPEB technology is a good surface modification method for enhancing the surface hardness of hypereutectic Al-20Si alloy.     

非晶La80Al20晶化相的超导电性

 本文把非晶La₈₀Al₂₀在真空中、不同温度及其时间条件下进行退火，以及在6 GPa不同温度退火40 min，并对退火样品的相结构及超导性进行了研究。发现真空中，250 ℃退火的样品晶化成了T>4.2 K、不超导的单相四方La₄Al；300 ℃及450 ℃退火的样品晶化成La₃Al、α-La、β-La及一些未知杂相，这些多相混合物的T_C<6.0 K。在6 GPa 300 ℃及以下温度退火的样品，晶化成单相六角La₄Al，其晶格常数与六角La₃Al的完全相同，这些样品的T_C>5.1 K；6 GPa、350 ℃及以上温度退火的样品，晶化成La₃Al相及新未知相H，新相H的T_C约为6.3 K。     

AlFe单晶薄膜微结构与热力学性质研究

采用PLD方法,在573 K条件下制备了AlFe单晶合金薄膜.X射线衍射与透射电子衍射表明,AlFe空间点群为PM-3M,晶格常数a =0.297 nm (略大于bcc-Fe的晶格常数,a =0.293 nm),且AlFe晶体结构为bcc-Fe晶格体心Fe原子被Al取代产生的新结构.采用第一性原理与准谐德拜模型研究了AlFe合金的化学势与热力学性能,计算表明AlFe合金具有更低的化学势,导致在生长过程只出现AlFe相.与此同时,AlFe合金具有与bc 关键词： PLD AlFe单晶薄膜 第一性原理 准谐德拜模型     

2091铝-锂合金固态氢含量的测定

运用ＲＨ－４０２测氢仪测定具有高挥发性锂的铝－锂合金的固态氢含量具有相当难度。本文就如何鉴别体内氢和表面氢、如何选择加热功率和加热时间及试样大小做了大量探索实验,初步形成了可行的铝－锂固态氢含量的分析方法。同时就测量的误差来源及测氢过程中应注意之点进行了讨论。结果重复性好,且结果比较准确（利用俄罗斯铝－锂合金氢标样比较）。     

Stoichiometry analysis of titanium oxide coating by LIBS

In this work, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is used to determine the composition of titanium oxide film produced by anodized of Ti6Al4V alloy. We have used Ti lines in the spectral region between 470–520 nm to determine temperature of the plasma generated on anodized surface of Ti6Al4V alloy for temperature determination by Boltzmann plot method. In order to measure the content of oxygen and titanium ratio on the surface the alloy, we have used the oxygen lines 777.194, 777.417 and 777.539 nm, and titanium lines 780.597 and 782.491 nm observed in an ambient of argon. Finally, we report the possibilities for the determination of the coating chemical composition using LIBS.     

Microstructural characterization of rapidly solidified Al 90 Ce 10 alloy

In the present work, the microstructure of the melt-spun Al 90 Ce 10 alloy has been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) together with energy-dispersive spectrometry. It has been found that the microstructure of the melt-spun Al 90 Ce 10 alloy is composed of the amorphous phase, f-Al, f-Al 11 Ce 3 , Al 3 Ce and unidentified phases, quite different from that of the ingot-like alloy consisting of coarse primary f-Al- f-Al 11 Ce 3 dendrites embedded in the f-Al- f-Al 11 Ce 3 eutectic matrix. Moreover, the amorphous phase is dominant in the melt-spun Al 90 Ce 10 alloy according to the XRD and TEM results. Al 3 Ce particles, less than 100 nm in size, are dispersed in the partial amorphous phase. Polygonal f-Al 11 Ce 3 crystals embedded in the f-Al matrix are also observed. The presence of the hexagonal, kite-like and petal-like intermetallic particles surrounded by the amorphous phase indicates that there exist micro-inhomogeneous structures in the Al 90 Ce 10 melt. These results demonstrate that the overheating of the melt has a significant effect on the amorphization of the Al 90 Ce 10 alloy.     

Influence of slight microstructural gradients on the surface properties of Ti6Al4V irradiated by UV

Ti6Al4V alloy is one of the most widely used materials for biomedical implants. Among its properties, it is remarkable the photoactivity displayed by its passive layer, which is mainly composed by titanium dioxide. However, variations in the processing conditions may yield to differences in the microstructure which can be reflected on the surface properties of the machined product. From contact angle measurements taken on different zones of samples removed from a commercial bar of Ti6Al4V, it has been shown that the modifications of the surface Gibbs energy suffered by the alloy under UV irradiation have a radial dependence. This behaviour is related to slight microstructural changes of the alloy, particularly with an increase in the volume fraction of the β-phase when moving to the interior of the sample, which alters the composition and/or microstructure of the passive layer along its radius. This study shows that gradients in the microstructure and physical properties are sample size dependent and are likely related to thermal gradients during processing.