在线社交网络中群体互动行为的时间特征

针对在线社交网络中群体互动行为,运用有偏扩散理论,构建有偏扩散模型,从任务的间隔时间τ与执行时间θ的关系视角,系统地阐述了群体互动活动中群体发帖行为与事件行为的时间间隔分布特征.针对群体用户发帖时τ≥θ的特征,论证群体用户发帖时间间隔的幂律分布机理.针对事件时τ>>θ的特征,论证了事件时间间隔具有指数效应的幂律分布机理,实验结果与理论推导吻合.     

单空位体系多尺度模拟

基于多尺度协同算法，实行了统一动力学模拟方案，研究了单空位体系的位移分布与位移振荡行为、能量随时间起伏以及差分电荷密度与外部环境的影响.计算结果发现位移分布及其相关行为反映了单空位体系的量子力学效应；同时，体系总能、差分电荷密度计算则给出了外部环境的影响，反映了经典效应与量子效应的耦合. 关键词： 多尺度杂化算法 统一动力学 电子态 原子位移     

在线社交网络中群体互动行为的时间特征（英文）

针对在线社交网络中群体互动行为,运用有偏扩散理论,构建有偏扩散模型,从任务的间隔时间τ与执行时间θ的关系视角,系统地阐述了群体互动活动中群体发帖行为与事件行为的时间间隔分布特征.针对群体用户发帖时τ≥θ的特征,论证群体用户发帖时间间隔的幂律分布机理.针对事件时τθ的特征,论证了事件时间间隔具有指数效应的幂律分布机理,实验结果与理论推导吻合.     

表面活性剂CTAB水溶液中的T2弛豫分散研究

用CPMG脉冲序列测定了表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）分子中的氮甲基(N-CH₃)质子的横向弛豫时间（T₂表观）,并发现测得的T₂表观\}与序列中的重聚脉冲间隔时间的一半τ _cp有关,说明存在横向弛豫分散现象. 当在τ_cp≤1 ms时,T₂表观与τ²_cp}呈线性关系;而当τ_cp≥4.6 ms时,T₂表观变得与τ_cp无关. 利用Luz-Meiboom两体化学交换模型计算了不同浓度的CTAB溶液中的N-CH₃质子的本征横向弛豫时间（T₂本征）和化学交换速率k_ex,发现k_ex与T₂本征和自扩散系数D一样,在临界胶束浓度（CMC）附近发生突变. 这个突变反映了CTAB分子在从单体到胶束的转变过程中其动力学特性发生了改变.      

锆基非晶合金的动态弛豫和应力松弛

非晶合金动态弛豫、变形和微观结构非均匀性之间的关联是非晶态物理领域重要研究内容之一.本文选取玻璃形成能力优良,热稳定性好的Zr₄₈(Cu_5/6Ag_1/6)₄₄Al₈块体非晶合金作为研究载体,借助于动态力学分析及应力松弛实验探究了温度和结构弛豫对非晶合金动态弛豫和变形行为的影响.研究结果表明非晶合金动态弛豫行为对温度极其敏感,随温度升高表现为等构型、老化、玻璃转变和晶化4个阶段.基于玻璃转变温度之下等温测试,结构弛豫行为导致非平衡高能量状态非晶合金向低能量状态迁移,内耗随时间演化规律可用Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW)扩展指数方程描述.此外,基于KWW方程和激活能谱等方法分析了模型合金应力松弛过程中非均匀结构激活,该过程涉及弹性变形向非弹性变形的转变.由于非晶合金存在微观尺度的结构非均匀性与能量起伏,变形单元的激活并非为单一特征时间,而是服从一定分布.通过考虑对数时间尺度和变形单元激活的特征时间分布分别为对称Gauss分布和非对称Gumbel分布,可...     

聚氨大环-氰基合钴超分子的转动相关时间及59Co核四极耦合常数的测定——动态激光光散射的应用

对于自旋I>1/2的核，其运动的相关时间τ_c以及核四极耦合常数NQCC是表征分子局部和微观动力学结构的重要参数. 然而，在溶液中，这些参数均难以测定. 该工作以聚氨大环-氰基合钴超分子体系为例，利用在高分子体系中广泛使用的激光光散射技术成功地测量了溶液中超分子络合物［12］aneN₄［Co(CN)₆］, ［18］aneN₆［Co(CN)₆］, ［24］aneN₈［Co(CN)₆］,［16］aneN₄［Co(CN)₆］, ［24］aneN₆［Co(CN)₆］ 和 ［32］aneN₈［Co(CN)₆］ 的水合半径，从而根
据Stokes-Einstein-Debye理论计算出了分子转动的相关时间τ_c. 这些超分子的水合半径在0.4～0.6 nm之间. 对应的转动相关时间τ_c在3.8～9.5×10^-11 s之间. 这一时间范围对于分子量在300～500的分子，有相当的合理性. 进而，通过测量超分子在稀溶液中的纵向弛豫时间T₁，结合计算出的相关时间τ_c，我们得到了该超分子体系中⁵⁹Co的四极耦合常数，其范围在0.5～2.2 MHz之间. 我们发现，这些超分子在溶液中的四极耦合常数明显小于在固体状态时的值（5～7 MHz）. 导致这一现象很可能的原因是在固体状态下⁵⁹Co核周围的电场梯度是各向异性的，从而有较大的四极耦合常数值. 而在溶液中，由于分子的快速运动，各向异性被平均，因而有较小的四极耦合常数.     

热惯性对热弹性行为影响的渐近分析

当热作用时间或受热器件结构尺寸呈现微尺度特征时, 热流运动的惯性效应将对热量的传递过程产生显著地影响. 基于热质的概念, 依据牛顿力学原理引入用于描述热质运动的热波方程, 结合各向同性材料的本构关系, 构建了计及热流运动惯性效应的广义热弹性动力学模型. 利用超常传热的微尺度特征, 采用解析的方法对半无限大体外表面受热冲击作用的一维问题进行了渐近求解. 通过对热波、热弹性波的传播和各物理场分布的分析以及与已有广义热弹性理论预测结果的对比, 揭示了热流运动的惯性效应对热弹性行为的影响. 结果表明：热量的传递除了受到热流加速的时间惯性影响之外, 热流运动的空间惯性也对传热行为产生影响, 当计及空间惯性时, 热波、热弹性波的波速、波前位置, 各物理场的建立时间、阶跃峰值及阶跃间隔均受到不同程度的影响. 关键词： 热惯性 热质运动 广义热弹性动力学模型 渐近分析     

单分子光学探针揭示易混聚合物受限纳米区域的动力学

常规的系综研究方法显示在动力学不对称的易混聚合物中存在着受限区域,但是不能给出受限区域的分布、尺度及受限区域内的动力学分布特征等.单分子光学探针被用来探测苯乙烯高聚物与苯乙烯寡聚物形成的易混聚合物薄膜中的受限纳米区域的动力学.实验发现易混聚合物中存在转动和固定不动的两种动力学形式的单分子,指示着单分子分别耦合到苯乙烯高聚物和苯乙烯寡聚物的聚合物链片段上.转动单分子的分布揭示了易混聚合物薄膜受限区域的分布特征.受限区域的尺度被估计为其可能接近于单分子探针的尺度(约2 nm).受限纳米区域中单分子的转动关联时间的分布揭示了受限纳米区域中聚合物动力学的分布特征.实验发现在含有更高浓度的苯乙烯高聚物的混聚物薄膜中具有更快的动力学行为,从而在单分子水平上揭示了易混聚合物中的受限纳米区域的动力学.     

准二维凝聚体中暗孤子环的动力学演化

发展多重尺度方法,解析研究了准二维凝聚体中孤子的动力学行为.当原子间为相互排斥作用时,凝聚体中可观察到暗孤子.计算表明,该暗孤子不稳定,将随时间演化成幅度较小的暗孤子环.特别是,所形成的暗孤子环被表明具有动力学稳定性. 关键词： 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 多重尺度方法 暗孤子环     

基于非线性分析方法的多种代用资料的相似性研究

代用资料的重建与分析是古气候研究领域的一个重要课题，应用小波变换和功率谱研究了都兰树轮等8种温度代用资料的主要周期，并以此为基础进行滤波，结合动力学相关因子指数和相关系数从代用资料的动力学结构特征和外部特征两个角度研究其在不同尺度上的相似性. 研究结果表明，准100a尺度是这些代用资料的共同周期，并且8种温度代用资料的动力学结构特征和外部特征在准100a及以上的尺度层次上是相似的，即外部特征和动力学结构特征两个方面均符合可比性条件. 同时，随着尺度的降低，动力学结构特征和外部特征的可比性均降低. 60—70a尺度及其以下的尺度，各分量之间的动力学结构特征失去了可比性；在小于30a的尺度上，它们的外部特征也不再具有可比性. 关键词： 代用资料 动力学自相关因子指数 相似性 尺度     

Laser writing techniques for photomask fabrication using a femtosecond laser

Photomasks are the backbone of microfabrication industries. Currently they are fabricated by a lithographic process, which is very expensive and time consuming since it is a multi-step process. These issues can be addressed by fabricating photomasks by direct femtosecond laser writing, which is a single-step process and comparatively cheaper and faster than lithography. In this paper we discuss our investigations on the effect of two types of laser writing techniques, namely front- and rear-side laser writing, with regard to the feature size and the edge quality of a feature. It is proved conclusively that for the patterning of masks, front-side laser writing is a better technique than rear-side laser writing with regard to smaller feature size and better edge quality. Moreover the energy required for front-side laser writing is considerably lower than that for rear-side laser writing. Received: 22 May 2001 / Accepted: 14 September 2001 / Published online: 17 October 2001     

基于IS015765的电动汽车诊断系统设计

为了更加便捷地对电动汽车进行程序更新和故障诊断,开发了符合ISO15765的底层刷写协议栈。参考BOSCH ECU在线刷写流程拟定XC2000刷写流程,包括初始化、密钥认证、Flash分区擦除、Flash分区写入等过程。开发XC2000 Flash驱动,实现Flash按地址进行块擦除和写入,开发Bootloader,实现硬件资源初始化以及ISO15765协议栈的装载。开发了符合ISO15765的底层刷写协议栈,实现故障码读取、故障码清除、数据流读取、执行器测试等故障诊断功能。开发了电动汽车诊断上位机系统,并通过硬件在环仿真测试平台进行测试。测试结果表明,设计的电动汽车诊断系统利用CAN总线能够实现ECU在线刷写及故障诊断功能。     

Two-wave-mixing dynamics and nonlinear hot-electron transport in transverse-geometry photorefractive quantum wells studied by moving gratings

The photorefractive response to an applied electric field is measured in a photorefractive quantum well, providing evidence in favor of the nonlinear transport in the device due to the hot electrons. The reduced mobility of the hot electrons limits the drift length, and thereby limits fringe overshoot. Thus the nonlinear transport prevents the slowing down of the grating writing rate for increasing fields which is common in bulk photorefractives. The photorefractive phase shift in transverse-field photorefractive quantum wells is measured as a function of the frequency offset between two laser writing beams that generate moving gratings. The two-wave mixing passes through a maximum at an optimum frequency which depends on the magnitude and the sign of the applied dc electric field. The phase shift associated with the moving grating adds or subtracts from the static phase shift induced by hot-electron transport in the semiconductor quantum wells, depending on the sign of the field and the sign of the dominant photocarriers. We observe a linear relationship between the roll-off frequency and the power of the writing beams. Received: 26 November 1998 / Revised version: 22 January 1999 / Published online: 12 April 1999     

Manifold-preserving single-image super-resolution based on collaborative representation support

Nowadays, super-resolution is becoming more and more important in most optical imaging systems and image processing applications due to current resolution limit of charged couple device (CCD) and complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS). In this paper, we proposed a novel single-image super-resolution algorithm, which combines collaborative representation into manifold-preserving approach. The main contributions of our work can be summarized into two points. First, supporting bases which are used to calculate the mapping relationship between low-resolution (LR) images and high-resolution (HR) images are obtained by applying collaborative representation on the neighborhoods of the dictionary atoms, where the neighborhoods are clustered from the whole training sample pools. Second, to achieve a balance between execution speed and reconstruction quality, a global solution for our framework is constructed by transferring the online calculating process to offline. We demonstrate better results on commonly used datasets, showing both better visual performance and higher index values compared to other methods.     

Nonlinear optical and electrostatic force microscopy for ferroelectric polarization imaging

Second-harmonic generation (SHG)-based nonlinear optical microscopy is used for spatially resolved imaging of the polarization switching in lead zirconium titanate ferroelectric thin films. The local SHG hysteresis loops reveal a strong dependence on film composition and structure. The SHG microscopy results are in good agreement with the efficiency of electrostatic force microscopy writing and allow us to predict the microscopic dielectric memory efficiency, both in contact and contact-less ways. Received: 15 January 2001 / Revised version: 27 March 2002 / Published online: 6 June 2002     

Photofabrication of periodic microstructures in azodye-doped polymers by interference of laser beams

Volume holographic gratings and two-dimensional periodic microstructures in azodye-doped polymethylmethacrylate were fabricated, respectively, by interference of two coherent beams of a femtosecond laser and by interference of three coherent beams of a nanosecond laser. The dependence of the first-order Bragg diffraction efficiency and the photoinduced refractive-index modulation of the gratings on the intensity of the writing light was investigated. The measurements of the absorption spectra before and after irradiation with the writing light suggest that the photoinduced gratings were refractive-index-modulated gratings, which arose from a photoinduced decomposition reaction of the azodye molecules through multiphoton absorption. In the experiments involving the interference of three beams, the period of the two-dimensional periodic microstructures was changed by adjusting the angle between the three writing beams. Received: 10 July 2002 / Revised version: 5 September 2002 / Published online: 20 December 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +81-774/955206, E-mail: jhsi@photon.jst.go.jp     

Empirical analysis of individual popularity and activity on an online music service system

Quantitative understanding of human behaviors supplies basic comprehension of the dynamics of many socio-economic systems. Based on the log data of an online music service system, we investigate the statistical characteristics of individual activity and popularity, and find that the distributions of both of them follow a stretched exponential form which interpolates between exponential and power law distribution. We also study the human dynamics on the online system and find that the distribution of interevent time between two consecutive listenings of music shows the fat tail feature. Besides, with the reduction of user activity the fat tail becomes more and more irregular, indicating different behavior patterns for users with diverse activities. The research results may shed some light on the in-depth understanding of collective behaviors in socio-economic systems.     

Semiotic dynamics in online social communities

A distributed classification paradigm known as collaborative tagging has been successfully deployed in large-scale web applications designed to manage and share diverse online resources. Users of these applications organize resources by associating with them freely chosen text labels, or tags. Here we regard tags as basic dynamical entities and study the semiotic dynamics underlying collaborative tagging. We collect data from a popular system and focus on tags associated with a given resource. We find that the frequencies of tags obey to a generalized Zipf’s law and show that a Yule–Simon process with memory can be used to explain the observed frequency distributions in terms of a simple model of user behavior     

Effects of applied DC/AC fields in electrical fixing process with SBN:60

We present experimental investigations of electrical fixing techniques in Ce:SBN:60. The effect of crystal fatigue on the diffraction efficiency of electrically fixed photorefractive gratings is studied. We observed that applying an ac field to the crystal eliminated crystal fatigue and improved diffraction efficiency. A controllable diffraction efficiency of a photorefractive grating is presented. A reproducible diffraction efficiency of up to 75% is obtained using a write-reveal grating technique with high-voltage pulses of opposite polarity. We also show that the diffraction efficiency can be controlled by varying the intensity of the writing beams incident to the crystal during the recording process. A method of determining the hysteresis loop using the domain-fixing technique is proposed. The dependence of the diffraction efficiency on the direction of the applied electric field while writing the hologram is studied. Our experiments show that, during writing, when the electric field is applied opposite to the c axis the grating can be successfully revealed with both positive and negative dc voltages. However, when the grating is written with a field parallel to the c axis, the grating can be revealed only with a field applied in the opposite direction. Received: 28 October 2002 / Revised version: 28 February 2003 / Published online: 14 May 2003 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author. Fax: +1-812/872-6167, E-mail: azad.siahmakoun@rose-hulman.edu