共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 421 毫秒
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A relativistic one-particle, quantum theory for spin-zero particles is constructed uponL 2(x, ct), resulting in a positive definite spacetime probability density. A generalized Schrödinger equation having a Hermitian HamiltonianH onL 2(x, ct) for an arbitrary four-vector potential is derived. In this formalism the rest mass is an observable and a scalar particle is described by a wave packet that is a superposition of mass states. The requirements of macroscopic causality are shown to be satisfied by the most probable trajectory of a free tardyon and a nontrivial framework for charged and neutral particles is provided. The Klein paradox is resolved and a link to the free particle field operators of quantum field theory is established. A charged particle interacting with a static magnetic field is discussed as an example of the formalism. 相似文献
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The analogue of coherent states for scalar charged particles in a strong magnetic field is developed. The trajectory of such a wave packet in a strong magnetic field is shown to differ considerably from the classical one. This results in a low frequency modulation of synchrotron radiation intensity. The possible experimental observation is discussed. 相似文献
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V. Kowalenko 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》1998,1(2):161-168
The modes of a strongly magnetized charged Bose gas are presented for ultra-low temperatures. For longitudinal oscillations
propagating parallel to the magnetic field the dispersion relation is found to be dominated by the one-dimensional field-free
plasmon dispersion relation as found by Alexandrov, Beere and Kabanov recently in reference [1], while for propagation perpendicular
to the magnetic field they are found to be influenced by the cyclotron motion of the particles. Dispersion relations for these
modes known as Bernstein modes are given near the cyclotron frequency and its first two harmonics. The dispersion relations
for transverse modes in the system are then presented for the cases of photon propagation perpendicular and parallel to the
direction of the magnetic field.
Received: 3 July 1997 / Revised: 12 August 1997 / Accepted: 4 November 1997 相似文献
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Z. Sedláček 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》1964,14(2):106-115
The paper deals with an investigation into the equilibrium orbits of charged particles in one variant of the isochronous ultrarelativistic cyclotron, i.e. accelerator with time independent, axially increasing magnetic field and strong focusing for accelerating charged particles at constant orbital time. The author finds phenomena well known from the theory of oscillations of non-linear mechanical systems (in a certain region of the parameters of a magnetic field there exist substantially two equilibrium orbits, while in another region none exist), which have no analogy in other accelerators. A variant of the ultrarelativistic cyclotron with axially scalloped equilibrium orbit is proposed. 相似文献
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In this paper, the trajectory and kinetic energy of a charged particle, subjected to interaction from a laser beam containing
an additionally applied external static axial magnetic field, have been analyzed. We give the rigorous analytical solutions
of the dynamic equations. The obtained analytical solutions have been verified by performing calculations using the derived
solutions and the well known Runge-Kutta procedure for solving original dynamic equations. Both methods gave the same results.
The simulation results have been obtained and presented in graphical form using the derived solutions. Apart from the laser
beam, we show the results for a maser beam. The obtained analytical solutions enabled us to perform a quantitative illustration,
in a graphical form of the impact of many parameters on the shape, dimensions and the motion direction along a trajectory.
The kinetic energy of electrons has also been studied and the energy oscillations in time with a period equal to the one of
a particle rotation have been found. We show the appearance of, so-called, stationary trajectories (hypocycloid or epicycloid)
which are the projections of the real trajectory onto the (x, y) plane. Increase in laser or maser beam intensity results
in the increase in particle’s trajectory dimension which was found to be proportional to the amplitude of the electric field
of the electromagnetic wave. However, external magnetic field increases the results in shrinking of the trajectories. Performed
studies show that not only amplitude of the electric field but also the static axial magnetic field plays a crucial role in
the acceleration process of a charged particle.
At the authors of this paper best knowledge, the precise analytical solutions and theoretical analysis of the trajectories
and energy gains by the charged particles accelerated in the laser beam and magnetic field are lacking in up to date publications.
The authors have an intention to clarify partly some important aspects connected with this process. The presented theoretical
studies apply for arbitrary charged particle and the attached figures-for electrons only. 相似文献
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Nonperturbative corrections to an interaction Hamiltonian that are associated with relativistic motion and a large coupling constant are determined on the basis of an investigation of the asymptotic behavior of the polarization loop for charged scalar particles in an external gauge field. The mass spectrum of a bound state is determined analytically. The mechanism responsible for the emergence of the constituent mass of particles that form a bound state is explained. It is shown that the contribution of the vector potential and the contribution of the potential associated with a nonperturbative character of interaction cancel each other and that the slope of the Regge trajectory is determined in terms of the string tension. 相似文献
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The mechanism of specific-charge time-of-flight separation of ions in a radiofrequency (rf) field with a quadratic potential distribution is considered. A relation connecting the time of flight of charged particles with the parameters of the analyzer and the mass of ions being analyzed is derived. The focusing property of the rf field for ions with different energies, initial coordinates, and injection angles and phases is established. The results of computer simulation are used for constructing the instrument function of the time-of-flight mass analyzer. 相似文献
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Farshid Tabbakh 《中国物理C(英文版)》2009,33(10)
The beam trajectory in the first deflecting magnet of "Rhodotron" TT200 has been analyzed precisely by both optical and simulation methods.We found discrepancies between these two methods at the order of (10~(-3)) for the slit distance and deflecting radius and at the order of (10~(-4)) for the magnetic flux density.The main goal of the paper is beam focusing, considering the angular and momentum dispersion of the particles for the magnet designed by ANSYS. 相似文献
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The matrizant method is used to study the nonlinear dynamics of charged particles in magnetic sector analyzers. The calculations of matrizants (transfer matrices) allow for both fringing-field effects due to the stray field and higher harmonics of the sector magnetic field (up to the third order). For the rectangular distribution of the field components along the optical axis, analytical expressions for the aberration coefficients (including dispersion ones) are derived up to the third order. In the simulation of real fields with a nonzero stray-field width, the smooth distribution of the field components is employed. The aberration coefficients for this distribution were calculated by means of a conservative numerical method. 相似文献
11.
B. V. Kholomai 《Russian Physics Journal》1978,21(7):865-870
The distribution function of electrons moving in an axially symmetric focusing magnetic field is constructed. The macromotion and self-field of the beam are taken into account. The nonrelativistic and relativistic limits are discussed. Upon switching off the magnetic field the distribution functions obtained change into the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The motion of charged particles in a focusing magnetic field is the simplest model for investigation of a beam of particles, for example, electrons, in storage or accelerator rings. In accordance with the well-known theorem of N. Bohr, a magnetic field has no effect on the distribution function for a one-dimensional distribution of electrons with respect to the momenta. However, the situation is altered if macromotion occurs in a static system, for example, the revolution of electrons in storage or accelerator rings. Maintaining the focusing of the beam in an equilibrium orbit, the magnetic field thereby affects the electron distribution function. For an actual electron beam the distribution function is determined by the initial conditions of formation of the beam; however, as a result of scattering processes it will approach some steady-state equilibrium distribution function. We will discuss the problem of finding such a distribution function in the nonrelativistic and relativistic cases.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 7, pp. 35–40, July, 1978.The author thanks Professor I. M. Ternov of Moscow University for his constant interest in this research and Professor V. G. Bagrov of Tomsk University for help in the research. 相似文献
12.
The motion of a spherical nonferromagnetic particle in an axially symmetric periodic permanent magnetic field is considered. It is shown that in this field configuration the focusing of fast particles and the mass separation of a particle beam are realizable. 相似文献
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The study of charged test particle dynamics in the combined black hole gravitational field and magnetic field around it could provide important theoretical insight into astrophysical processes around such compact object. We have explored the orbital and epicyclic motion of charged test particles in the background of non-rotating Einstein-Æther black holes in the presence of external uniform magnetic field. We numerically integrate the equations of motion and analyze the trajectories of the charged test particles. We examined the stability of circular orbits using effective potential technique and study the characteristics of innermost stable circular orbits. We analyze the key features of quasi-harmonic oscillations of charged test particles nearby the stable circular orbits in an equatorial plane of the black hole, and investigate the radial profiles of the frequencies of latitudinal as well as radial harmonic oscillations in dependence on the strength of magnetic field, mass of the black hole and dimensionless coupling constants of the theory. We demonstrate that the magnetic field and dimensionless parameters of the theory have strong influence on charged particle motion around Einstein-Æther black holes. 相似文献
15.
Volker Perlick 《General Relativity and Gravitation》1991,23(12):1337-1348
We consider a special class of stationary rotating charged dust solutions of Einstein's field equations without cosmological constant. In these space-times, the motion of freely falling particles and of light rays can be visualized by the motion of charged particles in an appropriate model magnetic field. Any curl-free magnetostatic field, given on an open subset of Euclidean 3-space, can serve as a model magnetic field for a charged dust solution in this sense. The simplest example, corresponding to a homogeneous model magnetic field, is given by Som-Raychaudhuri space-time. Some other examples are worked out. 相似文献
16.
L. M. Simons 《Hyperfine Interactions》1993,81(1-4):253-262
The cyclotron trap is a device to increase the stop density of negatively charged particles. Its working principle is to wind up the range of a stopping particle in a weak focusing magnetic field. Its main application in the past was the spectroscopy of exotic atoms. A modern application is the production of low energy muon or antiproton beams. 相似文献
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Propagation of both low and high frequency waves in a plasma consisting of electrons, ions, positrons and charged dust particles
have been theoretically studied. The characteristics of dust acoustic wave propagating through the plasma has been analysed
and the dispersion relation deduced is a generalization of that obtained by previous authors. It is found that nonlinear localization
of high frequency electromagnetic field in such a plasma generates magnetic field. This magnetic field is seen to depend on
the temperatures of electrons and positrons and also on their equilibrium density ratio. It is suggested that the present
model would be applicable to find the magnetic field generation in space plasma. 相似文献
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V. M. Mekhitarian 《Journal of Contemporary Physics (Armenian Academy of Sciences)》2016,51(2):108-126
The Faraday law of electromagnetic induction for an arbitrarily moving charge is generalized and the expression for the force acting on the charge in an alternating magnetic field is obtained. It is shown that besides the Lorentz force perpendicular to the velocity of the particle, the Faraday force parallel to the particle velocity and proportional to it is acting on the charge, too. The equations of motion of the charged particle and the magnetic moment are obtained in the time-varying magnetic field. The problems of induction acceleration of charged particles (betatron) and induction heating of medium (plasma, plasma betatron) are considered. 相似文献
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The interaction of a charged hydrated particle with an external magnetic field is analyzed under conditions of diffusion and convective mass transfer. A model of forming local space charge regions in the bulk of a solution is suggested. The model is used to study the feasibility of changing the velocity and redistribution of charged particles in an aqueous medium. The results of theoretical calculations are tested experimentally by quantitative estimation of the rate of the convective liquid flow developed in crossed electric and magnetic fields. 相似文献