TLCODE模拟方法介绍

探讨了TLCODE传输线模拟方法的基本原理、求解方法及步骤，推导了传输线驱动电阻负载、静态电感负载和混合型负载三种典型负载时末端界面电压的表达式，用PSPICE构造一个电路模型，以静态电感负载的计算结果为例，对所介绍的TLCODE方法及推导的公式模型予以验算。结果表明，在计算负载电压时，TLCODE与PSPICE的最大偏差仅为0.2%,在计算电流时，最大偏差仅为0.1%。     

TLCODE方法在多路传输线并联电路中的应用

 介绍了TLCODE方法对多路传输线并联电路的模拟情况。根据TLCODE方法的要求，在引入接地电阻的条件下推导了多路传输线并联时的界面电压公式，同时构建了一个多路传输线并联的PSPICE电路模型，将该模型计算得到的传输线输入端电压作为TLCODE方法的输入电压，通过比较发现两种方法计算的传输线任意处的电流、电压波形完全符合。这表明利用TLCODE方法模拟多路传输线并联问题取得了成功，标志着开发多路并联磁绝缘传输线电路模型取得了重要进展。     

磁绝缘传输线电流损失的计算方法

 磁绝缘传输线电流损失的计算方法是丝阵Z箍缩电路模拟的关键问题之一。以传输线模拟方法TLCODE为基础,将磁绝缘传输线分成若干段有损传输线单元,每个单元由一段无损传输线及一个对地损失电阻组成,根据磁绝缘准则判断单元的磁绝缘状况,磁绝缘形成之前损失电流由空间电荷限制流与传导电流的定量关系来计算,磁绝缘形成之后则根据阻抗匹配关系及流动阻抗模型来计算;同时将丝阵负载内爆动力学方程与TLCODE表达式、流动阻抗方程进行耦合,可求解磁绝缘传输线、丝阵负载在电压脉冲作用下全时空域的动态响应特性。     

磁绝缘传输线的有损线模型

 开发了一种磁绝缘传输线(MITL)的电路模拟方法。以传输线模拟方法TLCOD为基础，将MITL分成若干段有损传输线单元，每个单元由一段无损传输线及一个对地损失电阻组成。根据磁绝缘准则判断单元的磁绝缘状况并计算相关参量，推导丝阵负载条件下MITL末端界面电压的表达式，阐述模型的求解方法及步骤；用有损线模型计算阳加速器MITL得到的结果与实验结果基本吻合，表明模型正确有效。     

XH-1装置电感储能系统的电路模拟

 针对XH-1装置电感储能系统,建立了电爆炸断路开关基于开关电阻倍增比与比能关系的电路模型,给出了与电感储能系统耦合时,利用PSPICE模拟计算得到的开关上的电流电压波形和负载上的电压波形,分析了负载阻抗参数对输出脉冲的影响。     

直线型变压器储存能量与磁芯和电路参数的关系

 定义了直线型变压器（LTD）初、次级等效回路电感分别与激磁电感的比值系数。在N级模块串联LTD分别连接电容或电感负载时，获得了磁芯磁感应增量及单位体积传输的最大能量与磁芯和电路参数的关系。利用LTD等效电路与PSPICE程序相结合，计算了LTD性能，给出判断磁芯是否饱和的简便方法。     

辐照和电流注入下电缆耦合响应的计算

 采用传输线模型，利用时域有限差分方法计算了辐照和电流注入两种试验环境中电缆屏蔽层电流对芯线的耦合响应，并对响应规律进行了研究。计算结果表明：电流注入时近端负载电压峰值最小，辐照时次之，电流注入时远端最大；负载电压峰值、负载能量与屏蔽层电流源幅度等比例变化；相比较前沿的变化而言，改变屏蔽层电流源前沿对负载电压峰值和负载能量的影响不大；屏蔽层电流源半高宽较小时，负载电压峰值、负载能量与半高宽是非线性关系，屏蔽层电流源半高宽较大时，负载电压峰值、负载能量与半高宽成线性关系；电缆较短时，改变电缆长度对负载电压峰值有影响，而电缆较长时，只会影响电缆负载能量。     

高频电磁干扰对传输线耦合全波建模方法

对于场线耦合问题,经典传输线理论不适用于求解高频电磁干扰辐照下传输线负载上的电压和电流响应。针对这一问题,首先介绍了一种基于天线理论和模拟行为建模（ABM）的时域全波建模方法。该方法利用Harrington矩量法将电流积分方程离散并推导得到宏模型时域表达式,然后利用ABM频域功能实现频变参数的傅里叶逆变换和时域卷积计算。利用电路求解器,该建模方法可直接求解任意结构传输线耦合的负载处瞬态响应;与传统全波算法相比,模型一旦建立便可应用于任意入射场和线性/非线性负载的情况,无需重复耗时地求解电流积分方程。该方法可简化全波算法求解过程,提高仿真计算效率,尤其便于在入射场和负载存在不确定参数时进行高效重复抽样计算以获得统计特性。然后以高频电磁干扰耦合有损大地上的双导体传输线为例,通过与数值电磁代码和传统传输线理论方法的求解结果对比,验证了所提宏模型的有效性以及传输线理论在解决场线耦合问题时的局限性。结果表明,基于全波方法构建的宏模型可在时域内高效准确地求解高频电磁干扰辐照下任意形状传输线负载上的瞬态响应。     

用传输线和时域有限差分法计算电缆X射线响应

 介绍了时域传输线和时域有限差分两种计算电缆X射线瞬态响应的方法，并利用电缆芯线总电荷以及介质层的电荷分布，结合实验结果，分别给出了时域传输线模型中的电流源和时域有限差分模型中电流密度的计算方法。作为例子，在60 keV单能X射线垂直于电缆轴向辐照的条件下，采用两种方法计算了电缆两端接匹配负载时负载上的电流响应；采用传输线方法计算了不同能量X射线辐照电缆时的芯线负载电流响应。计算结果表明，两种方法计算的电缆X射线瞬态响应是一致的；电缆介质层中存在静电场；X射线能量不同时，电缆芯线负载电流存在最大值。计算中，电缆与X射线的作用采用蒙特卡罗方法计算。     

基于时域BLT的多导体传输线串扰响应分析

当传输线上通有电压和电流信号时,会在其周围的传输线上产生串扰响应。采用时域BLT方程建立多导体传输线对多导体传输线的串扰模型,分析了不同数目和不同频率正弦波集总电压源激励下的多导体受扰线终端负载串扰电压响应特性。研究结果表明,受扰线终端负载上的串扰电压响应主要频点的个数与集总电压源的个数相同,响应频点与集总电压源的频率相等,响应幅值与相应电压源离受扰线的间距有关。     

一种磁绝缘传输线真空功率流的电路计算方法

介绍了基于电报方程的磁绝缘传输线真空功率流电路计算方法的基本原理,开发了相应的计算程序,对Angara-5-1装置4600发次实验进行了计算,电路模拟结果与实验结果符合较好,提供了一种新的计算磁绝缘传输线真空功率流的方法,分析了Angara-5-1装置磁绝缘传输线阻抗突变处损失电流随时间的变化规律,讨论了该方法与TLCODE和Bertha等电路模拟方法的区别,采用该电路模拟方法计算Angara-5-1等工作在超磁绝缘状态的脉冲功率装置,不仅能够保证计算精度而且提高了解的收敛性,使得对磁绝缘传输线损失电流的计算更加自洽。     

磁绝缘传输线实验用电阻分压器型大功率负载设计

研制了一种用于磁绝缘传输线（MITL）实验的分压器型大功率水电阻负载,其阻值可在2.0~14.0 变化。利用MATLAB系统辨识工具箱和ANSYS电磁分析模块,分别获取了分压器的系统传递函数和沿面电场分布,给出了其幅频响应特性和沿面闪络可靠性分析,负载设计充分考虑了集肤效应和温升的影响。该负载已用于强光一号1.0 m长MITL特性研究实验,并获得了较好的测量波形,在负载阻值2.1 条件下,负载峰值电压为1.2 MV,峰值电流为494.4 kA,峰值时间约125 ns。将实验测量结果同TLCODE计算结果进行了对比,获得了较为一致的对比结果。     

Escape factors for laser-plasmas

A method of parameterizing escape factors (transmission factors and net radiative brackets) for conditions typical of laser-produced plasmas is introduced. The assumptions of planar geometry, exponentially decreasing emissivity and absorption coefficient with distance with a step rise at a particular point, and spatially constant Doppler broadened line profiles have been made. The effect of velocity gradients in spectrally shifting the absorption and emission line profiles relative to each other is taken into account assuming linear velocity gradients with distance. A parameter R representing the ratio of the spatial scale-length of the absorption coefficient to the Doppler decoupling length is introduced. Fitting formulae for transmission factors and net radiative brackets are given which are valid for all R and all optical depths. In the limit of small R (large Doppler decoupling length), the escape factors asymptotically approach formulae developed originally by, for example, Holstein assuming negligible plasma velocities. For large R (small Doppler decoupling length), the escape factors have been shown to asymptotically approach the Sobolev approximation. The parameterized net radiative bracket has been used in the hydrodynamic and atomic physics code ‘EHYBRID’ for the calculation of the effect of radiation trapping on population densities in laser-produced plasmas. The output of the modified EHYBRID code has then been post processed using the parameterised transmission factors to simulate 123 Ne-like and 399 F-like germanium resonance line intensities emitted in typical X-ray laser experiments. We obtain an agreement between the simulated and experimental spectra.     

Effects of layers of different dust particles on propagation characteristics of millimeter wave

In the present paper theoretical investigation has been carried out to evaluate the effect of layers of different shapes of dust particles (ellipsoidal and spheroidal) on the propagation of millimeter wave. For this purpose a length of communication link has been considered, which contains layers of dust particles blown to the height of the link due to dust storms. Further, each layer of dust particles has been assumed as a section of transmission line and entire link as number of transmission line sections in a cascade. Hence using the concept of transmission line the reflection coefficient, transmission coefficient and absorption loss have been calculated. It is found that propagation parameters depend on frequency and visibility. Brewster’s phenomenon is clearly observed by the system which is at around 75° of angle of incidence.     

Control of the sensitivity of CRLH interdigital microstrip balanced structures using a co-design genetic algorithm approach

A fully automated tool for designing CRLH interdigital microstrip structures using a co-design synthesis computational approach is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. This approach uses an electromagnetic simulator in conjunction with a genetic algorithm to synthesize and optimize a balanced CRLH interdigital microstrip transmission line. The high sensitivity of a long balanced transmission line to fabrication tolerances is controlled by the use of a high precision 3D simulator. The 2.5D simulator used was found insufficient for a large number of unit cells. A 13 UC CRLH transmission line is designed with the proposed approach. The response sensitivity of the balanced transmission lines to the over/under-etching factor is highlighted by comparing the measurements of four lines with different factors. The effect of over/under-etching is significant for values larger than 10 μm.     

Analysis of shielding failure parameters of high voltage direct current transmission lines

This paper studies the influence of different parameters on the shielding failure of high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission lines. A numerical analysis model considering the developing process of the downward lightning leader based on electromagnetic field theory is used to estimate the lateral striking distance to the transmission line. The influences of different factors (different parameters of the downward lightning leader, HVDC transmission line, and weather conditions) on the shielding failure of the HVDC transmission line (TL) have been considered in this analysis. The results show that the dimensions of the transmission line strongly affect the analysed results of the HVDC–TL shielding failure.     

磁绝缘传输线的模拟设计与实验

对长距离磁绝缘传输线（MITL）的传输效率和结构变化带来的影响进行了评估。介绍了MITL稳态流与非稳态流理论,为了验证各种条件对传输效率的影响进行了粒子模拟,修改了MITL的结构并设计了若干对应的分解检验实验。通过准确测量同一位置的阴阳极电流和电压验证了Mendel层流理论公式。已完成的电感支撑阴阳极实验结果表明,使用合适量级电感型刚性弹簧对内外筒进行固定可以满足传输效率设计要求。