一本值得推荐的专著——《脉冲激光沉积动力学原理》

脉冲激光沉积技术（PLD）是一种应用广泛的、先进的制备薄膜技术.相对于该技术的迅猛发展（尤其该技术的高频化和高强度化的发展态势）     

向长波方向发展的光子数分辨探测技术

研究了光子数分辨探测器技术发展的物理基础，技术现状和发展趋势．重点分析了目前能达到单光子分辨的发展中的三种探测技术：越界超导传感技术（superconducting transition-edge sensor），电荷积分单光子探测技术（charge integration photon detection）和雪崩光电二极管单光子分布探测技术（delayed single photon probability mapping based on avalanche photodiode），讨论了探测器的光子数分辨能力及其噪音来源．     

中国原子光谱技术及应用发展近况

原子光谱（atomic spectrometry,AS）技术作为分析领域一个重要的组成部分,是尖端科学快速发展的助推器。随着国家对高新技术的愈加重视,国内的分析检测技术也在飞速发展,原子光谱技术作的发展则成为了极其重要的推动力。对中国原子光谱近4年（2015年-2018年）的研究成果与应用进展做了一个综述,内容主要分为六大部分：原子发射光谱（atomic emission spectrometry, AES）包括电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, ICP-OES）,辉光放电发射光谱（glow discharge optical emission spectrometry, GD-OES）,介质阻挡放电发射光谱（dielectric barrier discharge optical emission spectrometry, DBD-OES）和激光诱导击穿光谱（laser induced breakdown spectrometry, LIBS）;原子吸收光谱（atomic absorption spectrometry, AAS）包括火焰原子化吸收光谱（flame atomic absorption spectrometry, FAAS）,石墨炉原子化吸收光谱（graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, GFAAS）和氢化物发生原子吸收光谱（hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry, HGAAS）;原子荧光光谱（atomic fluorescence spectrometry, AFS）;X射线荧光光谱（X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, XRF）;元素质谱（elemental mass spectrometry, EMS）包括电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS）,辉光放电质谱（glow discharge mass spectrometry, GDMS）,激光电离源质谱（laser ionization mass spectrometry, LIMS）和原子探针层析成像（atom probe tomography, APT）;原子光谱分析的联用技术。主要关注了各个技术及各种联用技术在仪器设备、检测方法、检测性能上的突破和创新,并简要介绍它们在电子、冶金、地质、环境、制药、食品、生命科学等多种领域中的应用。     

快Z箍缩短脉冲大电流驱动源技术的发展

 实现惯性约束聚变（ICF）和高产额(high yield,HY)要求脉冲驱动电流峰值达到约60 MA，采用类似SATURN和Z装置等传统的技术途径进一步提高驱动电流，从装置造价、结构复杂性和运行可靠性等方面看都具有相当大的难度，因此，需要发展新的短脉冲大电流驱动源技术，解决快Z箍缩技术发展的瓶颈。概述了国际上快Z箍缩驱动源技术的研究现状和趋势，介绍了有代表性的ICF/HY等离子体辐射源（plasma radiation source 简称PRS）或威胁级大型X射线模拟源初步概念设计、拟采用的技术途径，如俄罗斯大电流所（HCEI）基于FLTD（fast linear transformer driver）技术的直接驱动源、美国基于FLTD的新SATURN驱动源和基于FMG（fast Marx generator）技术的快Z箍缩驱动源，提出了快Z箍缩直接驱动源需要发展的关键技术。     

分子光谱法无损鉴别生药材的最新进展

本文叙述了傅里叶变换位曼光谱技术（ＦＴ－Ｒａｍａｎ）和漫反射傅里叶变换红餐光谱技术（ＤＲ－ＦＴＩＲ）的最新发展的及其在生药材鉴别上的独到之处和应用。     

2010年栏目设置简要说明

1．科学前沿 介绍物理学前沿问题的发展,来稿希望写得通俗易懂． 2．物理学与科技创新 （1）介绍历史上由物理学原理推动的科技创新（新技术的产生及应用） （2）介绍最新物理学成就及其技术应用前景．     

分子影像新技术——氘代谢波谱及成像的综述与展望

目前常用的分子影像技术主要有正电子发射型断层显像（PET）、质子磁共振波谱（¹H MRS）及成像（¹H MRSI）、化学交换饱和转移（CEST）、超极化¹³C MRSI等.近4年来,氘代谢波谱（DMS）及成像（DMI）作为一种新兴的分子影像技术获得了越来越多的关注,其通过采集注射或口服氘代葡萄糖后的目标组织与正常组织间氘代谢产物的磁共振信号进行组织区分.相比于其他分子影像方法,该影像技术具有无辐射、稳定性好、扫描操作相对简单等优点.本文综述了近年来DMS/DMI技术的研究进展及其意义,归纳总结了其临床应用价值,并对该技术未来的发展和改进方向,以及应用前景进行了展望.     

分子振动光谱法与中药研究的最新进展

本文叙述了分子振动光谱法（傅半叶变换拉曼光谱技术和傅立叶变换红外光谱技术）的量新发展与中药的无损定性鉴别、定量分析、热稳定性监控及中药优化的最新应用。报道了利用傅立叶变换拉曼光谱技术（ＦＴ－Ｒａｍａｎ）和漫反射傅立叶变换２红外光谱技术（ＤＲ－ＦＴＩＲ）可以直接快速地鉴别生药材;利用漫反射傅立叶变换近红外光谱技术（ＤＲ－ＮＩＲ）可以无损定量分析中药材、中成药和方剂的组分含量利用ＦＴ－Ｒａｍａｎ和ＨＡ     

X射线成像技术在医学中应用

文章介绍了在医学中广泛应用的二维X射线摄影屏一胶片系统及三维计算机断层扫描成像技术。并对二维X射线摄影技术的发展，例如数字减影血管造影（DSA），计算机放射成像（CR）和直接数字化X射线摄影（DR）以及三维成像新技术，如螺旋计算机断层扫描技术（螺旋CT），正电子发射体层／多层螺旋CT图像融合扫描装置（简称PET-CT）和相位衬度成像技术的原理和应用作了简单描述。医学图像后处理是现代医学图像设备不可或缺的组成部分，先验医学知识的融入使现代图像设备具有辅助诊断的能力。     

虚拟样机技术在大型复杂试验装置建设中的应用

虚拟样机（Virtual Prototype,VP）是随着虚拟现实（Virtual Reality,VR）技术的进步而发展起来的一项以并行工程和虚拟制造为基础的新型设计、制造技术。它以三维数字化模型为基础,利用虚拟现实技术对真实设备进行几何、功能、物理等方面的交互建模与仿真分析,多层次、多角度来模拟真实设备。     

Graphical Models in Reconstructability Analysis and Bayesian Networks

Reconstructability Analysis (RA) and Bayesian Networks (BN) are both probabilistic graphical modeling methodologies used in machine learning and artificial intelligence. There are RA models that are statistically equivalent to BN models and there are also models unique to RA and models unique to BN. The primary goal of this paper is to unify these two methodologies via a lattice of structures that offers an expanded set of models to represent complex systems more accurately or more simply. The conceptualization of this lattice also offers a framework for additional innovations beyond what is presented here. Specifically, this paper integrates RA and BN by developing and visualizing: (1) a BN neutral system lattice of general and specific graphs, (2) a joint RA-BN neutral system lattice of general and specific graphs, (3) an augmented RA directed system lattice of prediction graphs, and (4) a BN directed system lattice of prediction graphs. Additionally, it (5) extends RA notation to encompass BN graphs and (6) offers an algorithm to search the joint RA-BN neutral system lattice to find the best representation of system structure from underlying system variables. All lattices shown in this paper are for four variables, but the theory and methodology presented in this paper are general and apply to any number of variables. These methodological innovations are contributions to machine learning and artificial intelligence and more generally to complex systems analysis. The paper also reviews some relevant prior work of others so that the innovations offered here can be understood in a self-contained way within the context of this paper.     

磁化套筒惯性聚变初步探索研究与实验可行性分析

磁化套筒惯性聚变(MagLIF)构型可充分利用现有大型脉冲功率驱动装置,如聚龙一号等。基于磁流体力学方程组和1∶1比例氘氚(DT)混合燃料聚变模型,开发了零维MagLIF数值模拟程序并进行了初步探索研究。计算结果表明初始负载参数(如轴向磁场强度,预加热温度、时刻,负载半径等)与聚变产额之间有着密切的联系,在给定条件下,可依据计算给出的定性关系进行负载优化设计。值得注意的是,根据计算结果,即使在理想条件下,氘氚燃料要实现能量收支平衡,则驱动器的电流必须大于21.2 MA。这意味着聚龙一号装置(10 MA)无法开展集成化的MagLIF实验,进一步的校验计算验证了上述观点,并在此基础上提出铝套筒分解实验的建议和负载设计参数。所取得的计算结果有利于加深对MagLIF套筒压缩阶段物理过程的认知和理解。     

Percolation transition in Yang-Mills matter at a finite number of colors

We examine baryonic matter at a quark chemical potential of the order of the confinement scale μ(q)～Λ(QCD). In this regime, quarks are supposed to be confined but baryons are close to the "tightly packed limit" where they nearly overlap in configuration space. We show that this system will exhibit a percolation phase transition when varied in the number of colors N(c): at high N(c), large distance correlations at the quark level are possible even if the quarks are essentially confined. At low N(c), this does not happen. We discuss the relevance of this for dense nuclear matter, and argue that our results suggest a new "phase transition," varying N(c) at constant μ(q).     

Influence of modulation formats on FWM noises in FDM optical fiber transmission systems

In long-haul frequency-division-multiplexing (FDM) lightwave transmission systems, transmission characteristics are degraded by four-wave mixing (FWM) in optical fibers. To overcome this problem in equally-spaced (ES) allocations, modified repeated unequally-spaced (RUS) allocations such as equally-spaced RUS (ERUS) and unequally-spaced RUS (URUS) allocations have been already examined.In this paper, we focus on the fact that FWM noises are closely related to modulation formats and frequency allocations. To reduce FWM noises in FDM optical fiber transmission systems, FWM noises are analyzed for ES, RUS, ERUS, and URUS with modulation formats such as non-return-to-zero (NRZ), random return-to-zero (RZ), differential phase-shift keying (DPSK), and bit-phase arranged RZ (BARZ). It is found that FWM noises are lowest in URUS with BARZ.     

Unification of Non-Abelian SU(N) Gauge Theory and Gravitational Gauge Theory

In this paper, a general theory on unification of non-Abelian SU(N) gauge interactions and gravitationalinteractions is discussed. SU(N) gauge interactions and gravitational interactions are formulated on the similar basisand are unified in a semi-direct product group GSU(N). Based on this model, we can discuss unification of fundamentalinteractions of Nature.     

Two novel polarization transformers using rotatable waveplates

Two novel polarization transformers, quarter-quarter-half and half-quarter-quarter, comprising two-quarter waveplates (QWP) and a half waveplate (HWP) realizing transformation between arbitrary states of polarization (SOP) are investigated using a geometry method in this work. The expressions of azimuths of each waveplate in two polarization transforms are derived in Stokes space. Compared to the matrix treatment methods, the geometry method proposed in this paper is simple and explicit.     

Variable Separation Approach to Solve Nonlinear Systems

The variable separation approach method is very useful to solving (2 1 )-dimensional integrable systems. But the (1 1)-dimensional and (3 1 )-dimensional nonlinear systems are considered very little. In this letter, we extend this method to (1 1) dimensions by taking the Redekopp system as a simple example and (3 1)-dimensional Burgers system. The exact solutions are much general because they include some arbitrary functions and the form of the (3 1 )-dimensional universal formula obtained from many (2 1 )-dimensional systems is extended.     

Duality in physical sciences and beyond

An extended meaning of duality is suggested in the context of development of major themes in physical sciences since Newton. In such a generalization,five distinct aspects of duality are sought to be identified and illustrated through concrete examples drawn from various physical concepts, old and new. These are (i) reciprocity, (ii) parallelism, (iii) alternative formulation, (iv) unification and (v) measurement incompatibility. Bohr’s view of duality and the Copenhagen Interpretation are discussed briefly in this context. Finally, duality aspects beyond physics are briefly touched upon, the philosophical link being provided by Bohr’s Complementarity Principle on the one hand, and recent attempts (notably by Capra) to draw suggestive parallels between modern science and Eastern mysticism on the other. “Be in truth eternal, beyond earthly opposites”—Bhagwat Gita. The author felicitates Prof. D S Kothari on his eightieth birthday and dedicate this paper to him on this occasion.     

A series of copper complexes with carbazole and oxadiazole moieties: Synthesis,characterization and luminescence performance

In this paper, various moieties of ethyl, carbazole and oxadiazole are attached to 2-thiazol-4-yl-1H-benzoimidazole to form a series of diamine ligands. Their corresponding Cu(I) complexes are also synthesized using bis(2-(diphenylphosphanyl)phenyl) ether as the auxiliary ligand. Crystal structures, thermal property, electronic nature and luminescence property of these Cu(I) complexes are discussed in detail. These Cu(I) complexes are found to be efficient green-emitting ones in solutions and the emissive parameters are improved largely by the incorporation of substituent moieties. Detailed analysis suggests that the effective suppression of solvent-induced exciplex quenching is responsible for this phenomenon. On the other hand, the introduction of substituent moieties exerts no obvious influence on molecular structure, thermal stability and emitting-energy of the Cu(I) complexes, owing to their absence from inner coordination sphere.