Sm0.9Sr0.1AlO3-δ钙钛矿氧化物的固相反应合成和电学性能

用固相反应法制备了Sm0.9Sr0.1AlO3-δ钙钛矿氧化物陶瓷.通过XRD,SEM和交流复阻抗谱以及氧浓差电池方法研究了样品的物相结构、微观形貌、电学性能及输运机理.结果表明,在1650℃烧结时,可以制备出单相的具有四方钙钛矿结构的氧化物Sm0.9Sr0.1AlO3-δ;1650℃烧结16 h时的Sm0.9Sr0.1AlO3-δ样品具有最高的相对密度和电导率,其值分别为96.7%和1.3×10-2S/cm(900℃),比未掺杂的SmAlO3的电导率大4个数量级左右,高温区电导活化能(T＞670℃)小于低温区电导活化能(T＜670℃);Sm0.9Sr0.1AlO3-δ在空气气氛中是一个氧离子和电子空穴的混合导体,氧离子迁移数在0.7左右,并随温度升高逐渐增加,氧离子电导活化能(0.95 eV)大于空穴电导活化能(0.84 eV),900℃时氧离子电导率为9.65×10-3S/cm.     

Sm0.9Sr0.1AlO3-δ钙钛矿氧化物的固相反应合成和电学性能

用固相反应法制备了Sm_0.9Sr_0.1AlO_3-δ钙钛矿氧化物陶瓷.通过XRD,SEM和交流复阻抗谱以及氧浓差电池方法研究了样品的物相结构、微观形貌、电学性能及输运机理.结果表明,在1650℃烧结时,可以制备出单相的具有四方钙钛矿结构的氧化物Sm_0.9Sr_0.1AlO_3-δ;1650℃烧结16 h时的Sm_0.9Sr_0.1AlO_3-δ样品具有最高的相对密度和电导率,其值分别为96.7%和1.3×10^-2S/cm(900℃),比未掺杂的SmAlO₃的电导率大4个数量级左右,高温区电导活化能(T>670℃)小于低温区电导活化能(T<670℃);Sm_0.9Sr_0.1AlO_3-δ在空气气氛中是一个氧离子和电子空穴的混合导体,氧离子迁移数在0.7左右,并随温度升高逐渐增加,氧离子电导活化能(0.95eV)大于空穴电导活化能(0.84eV),900℃时氧离子电导率为9.65×10^-3S/cm. 关键词： 3')" href="#">SmAlO₃ 氧离子导电性 混合导体 活化能     

双掺杂的Sm0.9Sr0.1Al1-xCoxO3-δ钙钛矿结构导电陶瓷的制备及其电性能

采用有机凝胶法结合高温烧结制备了Sm_0.9Sr_0.1Al_1-xCo_xO_3-δ (SSAC,x = 0.2,0.4,0.5,0.6) 系列钙钛矿结构混合导电陶瓷,并详细讨论了烧结温度和Co掺杂量对其晶体结构、相组成和电性能的影响.X射线衍射结果显示,过高的烧结温度或Co掺杂量都会导致杂相Sm(Sr)CoO₃生成,Co在该体系的固溶限位于50mol%—60mol%之间,Co对Al的部分取代使晶格体积增大.电性能测量结果表明,SSAC陶瓷的电导率主要取决于p型电导,其导电行为符合小极化子跳跃导电机制;随着烧结温度的升高,材料的电导率逐渐增大;在固溶限内随Co含量的增加,SSAC陶瓷的电导率增大,表观活化能减小;1200 ℃烧结10 h制得的单相Sm_0.9Sr_0.1Al_0.5Co_0.5O_3-δ陶瓷体在800℃的电导率达63.4 S/cm,表观活化能为0.14eV.具有良好电性能的SSAC导电陶瓷有望应用于高温电化学领域. 关键词： 导电陶瓷 3')" href="#">Sr和Co掺杂的SmAlO₃ 有机凝胶法 电性能     

KNb_(1-x)Mg_xO_(3-δ)的高温高压合成及输运性质研究

采用高温高压法制备了KNb1-xMgxO3 -δ(x =0 .0～ 0 .3)氧离子导电材料 ,使用XRD、TG-DTA及交流复阻抗谱对样品的结构和离子导电性进行了表征。实验结果表明 ,高压降低了合成温度 ,合成的KNb1-xMgxO3 -δ系列固溶体与其母体KNbO3 一样都为正交钙钛矿结构 ,晶胞参数随掺杂量的增加而略微增大。固溶体KNb1-xMgxO3 -δ具有离子导电特征 ,通过拟合阻抗谱数据获得了该材料晶粒电导、晶界电导和体电导率与温度的关系。样品的晶界电阻较高 ,晶界效应十分明显 ,离子跳跃传导可能在其输运机制中占据主导地位。在x =0 .1附近 ,电导率达到最大值 ,70 0℃时为 1.2× 10 - 3 S·cm- 1。     

新型混合离子-电子导体Sm0.9Ca0.1Al1-xMnxO3-δ的制备及其电性能研究

采用有机凝胶法结合固相烧结技术制备了单相的Sm0.9Ca0.1Al1-xMnxO3-δ(SCAM, x=0.1-0.5)新型混合离子-电子导体.通过TG-DTA,XRD和直流四引线法研究了凝胶前驱体的热分解和相转化过程、烧结体的结构、相稳定性、导电性能及其电输运机理.结果表明,凝胶前驱体在900℃焙烧5h可以形成完全晶化的四方钙钛矿相纳米粉体,SCAM陶瓷样品在还原气氛下的相稳定性随Mn含量的升高而降低.经高温烧结制得的SCAM陶瓷的总电导率取决于p型电导,其值随Mn含量和温度的升高而增大,导电行为符合p型小极化子跳跃机理. 随烧结温度的升高或保温时间的延长,SCAM9155的电导率和相对密度先增大后减小,1600℃烧结10h的SCAM9155样品具有最高的电导率和相对密度(98.2%),该样品在空气和5%H2/Ar气氛中850℃时的电导率分别为7.30和1.91eV.具有较高电导率的Ca,Mn掺杂的SmAlO3有望成为一种新型的SOFC阳极材料.     

钙钛矿型氧离子导体KNb1-xMgxO3-δ的制备和表征

在高温高压 ( 4 0GPa ,870℃ )下合成了具有正交钙钛矿结构的KNb1 -xMgxO3-δ(x =0 0— 0 3 )系列固体电解质 ,并系统地研究了Mg掺杂对其结构相变和导电性的影响 .变温拉曼谱和DTA测量结果表明 ,随着温度的升高 ,KNb1 -xMgxO3-δ发生了结构相变 ,由铁电正交、四方相转变为顺电立方相 .由于Mg掺杂削弱了B位离子对自发极化的贡献以及A位离子与BO6 八面体间的耦合作用导致了居里温度下降 .其中KNb0 85Mg0 1 5O2 775的居里点大约下降 40℃ ,为 3 92℃ .阻抗谱测量表明 ,所有样品都具有离子导电特征 ,但晶界效应较强 ,电导主要由晶界决定 .通过掺杂 ,提高了样品的电导率 ,其中KNb0 9Mg0 1 O2 85的氧离子电导率最高 ,70 0℃时达到 1.2× 10 - 3S cm .     

KNb_(1-x)Ti_xO_(3-δ)固溶体的合成与表征

利用高温高压法首次合成了KNb1 -xTixO3-δ(x =0～ 0 .4)系列固溶体 ,并使用X射线衍射、TG DTA、Raman谱和交流阻抗谱等对样品的结构、热稳定性和导电性进行了表征。XRD结果表明 ,随掺杂量的增加 ,晶胞体积减小 ;Ti掺杂引起了固溶体结构的转变 ,x <0 .1 5的样品为正交钙钛矿结构 ,而x≥ 0 .1 5的样品几乎为纯四方相结构。Raman谱和DTA结果显示 ,Ti掺杂使四方相区宽化 ,并且随掺杂量的增加 ,相变温度逐渐下降。阻抗谱测量表明 ,所有样品均以离子导电为主 ,其中KNb0 .85Ti0 .1 5O2 .92 5的氧离子导电率最高 ,在 80 0℃时达到 5 .6× 1 0 - 3S·cm- 1 ,在测量温度范围内 ,电导率可以拟合成两条直线 ,低温活化能小于高温活化能     

钙钛矿型稀土锰氧化合物Nd0.5Sr0.4Pb0.1Mn1-xFexO3中Mn位的Fe替代效应

对Nd0 5Sr0 4Pb0 1 Mn1 -xFexO3系列多晶样品的结构 ,磁和转变特性进行了实验研究 .在x =0 0 0— 0 10的范围内获得了单相样品 ,Fe3+ 的替代并没有引起整个系列的结构变化 ,然而Mn位的掺杂却强烈地抑制了Nd0 5Sr0 4Pb0 1MnO3的铁磁性和金属—绝缘体转变 .在低掺杂情况下 (x≤ 0 0 6)Mn被Fe替代 ,金属—绝缘体转变温度TP 平均下降了 19K ,当x≥ 0 0 8铁磁金属态完全过渡为绝缘态 .这主要归因于Fe3+ 的渗入影响了化合物eg 电子浓度和抑制了双交换作用     

KNb1-xTixO3-δ固溶体的合成与表征

利用高温高压法首次合成了KNb1-xTixO3-δ(x=0～0.4)系列固溶体,并使用X射线衍射、TG-DTA、Raman谱和交流阻抗谱等对样品的结构、热稳定性和导电性进行了表征.XRD结果表明,随掺杂量的增加,晶胞体积减小;Ti掺杂引起了固溶体结构的转变,x<0.15的样品为正交钙钛矿结构,而x≥0.15的样品几乎为纯四方相结构.Raman谱和DTA结果显示,Ti掺杂使四方相区宽化,并且随掺杂量的增加,相变温度逐渐下降.阻抗谱测量表明,所有样品均以离子导电为主,其中KNb0.85Ti0.15O2.925的氧离子导电率最高,在800 ℃时达到5.6×10-3 S*cm-1,在测量温度范围内,电导率可以拟合成两条直线,低温活化能小于高温活化能.     

钴基掺杂氧化物结构特征的研究

利用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)法制备出了一系列La0.8Sr0.2Co1-xFexO3样品.xRD结果显示,在La0.8Sr0.2Co1-xFexO3系列样品中,未掺杂的La0.8Sr0.2CoO3样品具有很好的单相结构,并且衍射峰没有发生劈裂;而Fe掺杂的La0.8Sr0.2CoO3样品中几乎每个衍射峰都发生了劈裂,在Fe掺杂的La0.8Sr0.2CoO3样品中可能存在两种不同的晶体结构.利用xANES研究了La0.8Sr0.2Co1-xFexO3样品中Co离子和Fe离子的化合价发现,Fe离子存在两种不同的化合价态,即Fe3+和Fe4+离子,在La0.8Sr0.2Co1-xFexO3样品中形成了两个不同离子的富集区,一个是由Co3+、Co4+和Fe3+等离子组成的,一个是由Fe4+和Co3+、Co4+等离子组成的,因此在Fe掺杂的La0.8Sr0.2CoO3样品中存在两种不同的晶体结构.     

白光和红绿蓝光LED可调光源研制

为了提高LED光源色温和亮度的调节精度和准确度,结合色温由低向高变化时光色所呈现的渐变特点,提出了一种低色温白光LED灯珠、高色温白光LED灯珠加红绿蓝光LED灯珠补偿式调光的方法.将色温分成三个部分进行调节,每个部分选用不同的LED灯珠组合来进行调光.实验结果表明:不同组合情况下的LED光源的初始输出色温相对于目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;亮度可以在保证色温不变的情况下独立进行调节,初始输出值与目标值的偏差范围在1％以内;经过微调之后可以达到目标值;达到了色温和亮度独立调节的要求;光源发光稳定,不会因为长时间工作而影响调节精度.     

Visualization and interferometry for cylindrical and spherical sample tomography and profilometry

A technique combining image processing and laser interferometry for visualizing and detecting the deformation of transparent cylindrical and spherical sample is proposed. This deformation includes geometric deformation such as volume transition in profilometry and physical deformation such as refractive index change in tomography. Phase contour lines are used for quantitative analysis and graphical representation of the deformation. This method allows us to visually detect the spatial variation of the deformation field and to evaluate the test quality such as misalignment of optical system. A theoretical analysis using phase contour map to characterize the deformation field is described in detail. A method using phase contour map to qualify the interferometric test is proposed. Analysis of test examples is carried out. Suggestions on using phase contour line method to ameliorate test system design are finally discussed.     

Quantum and Classical Disparity and Accord

Discrepancies and accords between quantum (QM) and classical mechanics (CM) related to expectation values and periods are generally found for both the harmonic oscillator (SHO) and a free particle in a box (FPB), which may apply generally. These indicate non-locality is expected throughout QM. The FPB energy states violate the Correspondence Principle. Previously unexpected accords are found and proven that 〈x ²〉 _CM =〈x ²〉 _QM and τ _CM =τ _QMb (beat period i.e. beats between the phases for adjoining energy states) for the SHO for all quantum numbers, n. However, for the FPB the beat periods differ at small n. It is shown that a particle’s velocity in an infinite square well varies, no matter how wide the box, nor how far the particle is from the walls. The quantum free particle variances share an indirect commonality with the Aharonov-Bohm and Aharonov-Casher effects in that there is a quantum action in the absence of a force. The concept of an “Expectation Value over a Partial Well Width” is introduced. This paper raises the question as to whether these inconsistencies are undetectable, or can be empirically ascertained. These inherent variances may need to be fixed, or nature is manifestly more non-classical than expected.     

黑克、布劳、及伯曼-温采尔代数的诱导及分导系数和量子经典李代数的耦合与重新耦合系数

本文总结了计算黑克、布劳、及伯曼 温采尔代数在各种工数链下诱导及分导系数的线性方程方法(LEM)。特别强调了关于A,B,C,D型李代数及其量子情形与其中心代数之间的舒尔 魏尔 布劳双关性关系。这一关系使我们能够利用相应中心代数的诱导及分导系数计算出经典李代数及其量子情形的耦合与重新耦合系数。讨论了从该方法得到B,C,D型李代数不可约表示克罗内克积分解的应用。基于LEM还得到了处理对应于置换群CG系列问题的黑克代数张量积的方法。     

国外超导材料技术研究政策和方向

超导材料技术是21世纪具有战略意义的高新技术,极具发展潜力和市场前景。世界各发达国家纷纷制定研发计划,给予高度重视和大力支持,加快超导材料技术的基础研究和产业化发展。主要从美国、日本、欧洲国家、韩国等国家的相关研发计划、政策以及主要科研机构的研发概况出发,阐明目前国外超导材料技术的研究政策和方向。     

Rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted and curved surfaces

We present a novel method for rapid and flexible laser marking and engraving of tilted, curved and freeform work-piece surfaces. The method is based on integrating a three-dimensional (3D) laser measurement system into a 3D laser marking system. We use the same laser source and optics for measurement and processing with a minimum of additional hardware components. A low power CW laser regime is used to measure the 3D shape of a work-piece surface while a high-peak power-pulsed laser regime is used for processing. The acquired 3D surface data are used to determine the 3D trajectory of the processing beam focus. Neither the 3D shape of the work-piece nor its orientation needs to be known in advance as long as the processed surface lies within the working range of the 3D laser processing system. This eliminates the need for exact work-piece positioning before processing and substantially improves processing flexibility (allowing, e.g. variations in work-piece shape or/and orientation from mark to mark). This paper discusses key issues concerning an implementation of the method and presents typical examples of markings and engravings, which demonstrate the advantages of the method with respect to the existing industrial 2D and 3D laser marking and engraving methods. The method can also be applied to flexible laser structuring and microprocessing of curved surfaces.     

Spectroscopy and Photophysics of Iso- and Alloxazines: Experimental and Theoretical Study

We present a systematic study of the effect of methyl substitution on iso- and alloxazines in acetonitrile solutions. Substitution patterns have profound effects on both spectral and photophysical properties, with fluorescence quantum yields varying by more than an order of magnitude. TD-DFT calculation were used for the first time to correlate electronic structure changes with the substitution patterns, with good agreement between calculated and theoretical band positions and oscillator strengths. Both n-pi* and pi-pi* states in these compounds are predicted, with the oscillator strengths indicating that only the pi-pi* states should be observable in the absorption spectra. Substitution patterns are shown to be responsible for energy order inversion between these states.     

Geometry and Elasticity of Strips and Flowers

We solve several problems that involve imposing metrics on surfaces. The problem of a strip with a linear metric gradient is formulated in terms of a Lagrangian similar to those used for spin systems. We are able to show that the low energy state of long strips is a twisted helical state like a telephone cord. We then extend the techniques used in this solution to two–dimensional sheets with more general metrics. We find evolution equations and show that when they are not singular, a surface is determined by knowledge of its metric, and the shape of the surface along one line. Finally, we provide numerical evidence by minimizing a suitable energy functional that once these evolution equations become singular, either the surface is not differentiable, or else the metric deviates from the target metric.     

Nano and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics: present and future applications

In this letter, we illustrate the importance of fluid dynamics research by considering two particular areas of study: nano- and micro-scale fluid and plasma dynamics. We show how improved scientific knowledge of nano- and micro-fluid dynamics can significantly enhance our future. Application is also discussed regarding environmental aspects.