超定方程组最小二乘解行处理法C语言程序实现

用C语言实现文[1-2]所给出的一个求解超定方程组最小二乘解的保证收敛的迭代解法。     

Mie散射大气激光雷达回波信号消光系数边界值估算

报道了一种使用最小二乘法拟合大气激光雷达回波信号,计算消光系数边界值的算法。无云层天气条件下,利用最小二乘法对回波信号全程拟合获得大气消光系数边界值;有云层天气下,先将激光雷达信号在大气中的传输光路分段为云层区和非云层区,忽略回波信号中的云层信息,假设非云层区大气近似均匀,利用最小二乘法拟合获得大气消光系数边界值。     

线性方程组收敛性迭代解法

给出求解任意线性方程组的一个收敛性迭代解法，证明解法对相容性线方程组收敛于其解，对不相容线性方程组收敛于其最小二乘解，最后给出算法的并行计算法则．     

过滤窗最小二乘支持向量机的混沌时间序列预测

传统的滑动窗策略只是简单且机械地将最远的数据移出窗口, 而将最近的数据移进窗口. 针对这种遗忘策略存在的缺陷, 提出了过滤窗策略. 过滤窗采用"优胜劣汰"的选择机制, 将对模型贡献比较大的数据留在窗口当中. 将过滤窗和最小二乘支持向量回归机相结合, 提出了过滤窗最小二乘支持向量回归机. 与滑动窗最小二乘支持向量回归机相比较, 过滤窗最小二乘支持向量回归机具有较小的计算量, 需要较短的窗口长度就能达到和滑动窗最小二乘支持向量回归机几乎相同的预测精度, 而较短的窗口长度又预示着较少的计算量和较好的实时性. 混沌时间序列在线建模和预测的实例表明了过滤窗最小二乘支持向量回归机的有效性和可行性. 关键词： 混沌时间序列 支持向量机 滑动窗 过滤窗     

基于DSM501传感器的大气颗粒物浓度监测装置参数整定

研制的大气颗粒物浓度监测装置在使用前须依照标准数据进行参数整定。在介绍大气颗粒物浓度监测装置检测原理的基础上,结合环境监测总站公布的武汉青山地区PM10、PM2.5浓度数据,开展监测装置输出观测数据采集实验和参数整定研究。首先,使用格拉布斯准则对观测数据进行筛选;其次,匹配观测数据与实际数据,利用皮尔逊积矩相关系数分析数据之间的线性关联度;最后利用最小二乘法求解用于拟合的线性回归方程系数。应用结果证明了所述理论方法、整定过程的有效性和可行性。     

线性方程组极小最小二乘解行处理法C语言程序

本文阐述了方程组极小最小二乘解改进行处理法的指导思想和计算方法,编写出相应的Ｃ语言程序,并计算实例,结果正确。     

四种多变量校准方法在FTIR多组分分析中的性能比较

本文对四种多变量校准方法－－经典最小二乘法（CLS），偏最小二乘法（PLS），卡尔曼滤波法（KFM）以及人工神经网络法（ANN）－－在多组分浓度分析方面的性能进行了比较。选择五种红外谱图严重混叠的大气有机毒物－－1，3－丁二烯，苯，邻二甲苯，氯苯和丙烯醛－－作为分析对象。分别计算各种方法对该5组分体系的平均预测误差MPE和平均相对误差MRE进行比较。结果表明，偏最小二乘法在处理这类问题中是最稳健的方法。     

基于Chebyshev-Taylor-Fourier混合级数模型函数的多源气动数据融合方法

针对飞行器气动力多源数据融合、飞行试验气动辨识问题,提出了一种基于Chebyshev-Taylor-Fourier混合级数模型函数、不确定度平衡权函数和加权最小二乘原理的多源数据融合和辨识方法.该方法采用二元Chebyshev级数、Taylor级数和Fourier级数技术建立飞行器气动模型函数,采用权函数技术平衡各数据源间的不同精度和不确定度,采用最小二乘法原理确定超定方程组解,从而获得Chebyshev-Taylor-Fourier混合级数模型函数的各项参数值,最终确定多源数据融合的飞行器气动力（力矩）系数模型函数数学表达式.典型的应用实例表明该方法高效实用、精度可靠,工程应用前景良好.      

利用复原电压预测大气湍流畸变波前方法

 在校正大气湍流畸变信号的自适应光学系统中，基于大气开环数据，对采用最小递归二乘RLS算法预测复原电压以减小自适应光学系统中的时间伺服延迟进行了仿真研究。并与未采用预测时的误差进行了比较，对比结果表明：采用RLS算法后，可以有效的降低系统由伺服延迟引起的误差。     

无标样X射线定量分析最小二乘法方程的稳定解

无标样法是X射线定量分析的重要方法。无标样定量联立方程中经常出现的病态方程使定量结果出现很大的误差。最小二乘法方程组在某些组合情况下也会出现严重的病态方程。本文提出可以获得可靠的稳定解的无标样X射线定量最小二乘法。指出不同样品数及组合条件下获得稳定解的计算方法:直接最小二乘法、算术平均法、稳定性因子判别法。 关键词：     

Formation of single-wall carbon nanotubes in Ar and nitrogen gas atmosphere by using laser furnace technique

The formation of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by using laser vaporization technique in different ambient gas atmosphere was investigated. SWNTs were prepared with Rh/Pd (1.2/1.2 atom%)-carbon composite rod in Ar and nitrogen gas atmosphere, respectively. Raman spectra of raw carbon materials including SWNTs and photoluminescence mapping of dispersed SWNTs in a surfactant solution demonstrate that the diameter distribution of SWNTs prepared in Ar atmosphere is narrower than those obtained by using CVD technique (e.g. HiPco nanotube), even when the ambient temperature is as high as 1150 ^○C. It was also found that nitrogen atmosphere gives wider diameter distribution of SWNTs than that obtained with Ar atmosphere. Furthermore, the relative yield of fullerenes (obtained as byproducts) is investigated by using HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) technique. It was found that the relative yield of higher fullerenes becomes lower, when nitrogen is used as an ambient gas atmosphere. Based on these experimental findings, a plausible formation mechanism of SWNTs is discussed.     

Intensity distribution for the broadband aberrated partially coherent flat-topped beam propagating through turbulent atmosphere

In this paper, taking the partially coherent flat-topped (PCFT) beam as an example, we investigate the intensity distribution of broadband beams with astigmatic aberration propagating through a turbulent atmosphere. The analytic expressions for the intensity of the beams propagating through the turbulent atmosphere are derived. It is shown that the intensity distribution of the broadband aberrated PCFT beams in the turbulent atmosphere are closely related with the astigmatism aberration, the strength of atmospheric turbulence, the order of flatness, the correlation of source and the bandwidth of PCFT beams. It is important to note that the position of the focal plane of the broadband aberrated (or not) PCFT beams can be modulated by changing the aberration, the order of flatness, the correlation and the bandwidth of PCFT beams.     

Influence of turbulent atmosphere on the far-field coherent combined beam quality

Propagation of coherent combined laser beams in turbulent atmosphere is numerically studied based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle. By choosing beam propagation factor (BPF) and beam quality factor (BQ) to characterize the far-field irradiance distribution properties, the influence of turbulence on far-field coherent combined beam quality is studied in detail. The investigation reveals that with the coherence length decreasing, the irradiance distribution pattern evolves from typical non-Gaussian shape with multiple side-lobes into Gaussian shape which is seen in the incoherent combining case. In weak turbulent atmosphere, the far-field beam quality suffers less when the 1aser array gets more compact and operates at a longer wavelength. In strong turbulent atmosphere, the far-field beam quality degrades into the incoherent combining case without any relationship with the fill factor and laser wavelength.     

Synthesis of single wall carbon nanotubes by using arc discharge technique in nitrogen atmosphere

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were prepared with arc discharge technique using Ni/Co carbon composite rod in He, Ar, and N₂ atmosphere, respectively. The yield and the diameter distribution of them were compared with each other. The results show that N₂ atmosphere at low pressure gives the highest yield for the formation of SWNTs, almost comparable to that obtained with laser furnace technique. It also declares that He atmosphere seems to make SWNTs having smaller diameter distribution than those obtained in N₂ and Ar atmosphere. These findings were summarized and used for the discussion related to the formation mechanism of SWNTs.     

湍流大气对量子密钥分布系统性能的影响

自由空间量子密钥分布系统是全球性量子保密通信的关键组成部分之一。因此研究湍流大气信道对量子密钥分布系统性能的影响就非常重要。使用光束近场传播和统计分析的方法定量分析了湍流大气信道对基于BB84协议的自由空间量子密钥分布系统的误码率的影响。数值计算结果表明,大气衰减系数超过-3dB/km时,大气衰减对量子密钥分布系统的误码率影响很大;在大气传输因子小于0.5的区域,系统误码率比无湍流影响时的系统误码率高出一个数量级。     

热带海洋与中低纬大气相互作用的信息传输特征分析

基于传递熵概念和方法定义气象场的信息源特征度、信息汇特征度和信息传输平衡特征度.使用海表温度和高度场资料计算海气相互作用过程中的信息传递.侧重分析赤道中东太平洋(20?S-20?N,170?E-100?W)与热带地区、北半球和南半球中高纬度地区大气之间的信息传递,给出信息传递的区域和全球分布特征;并提取海表温度指数和高度场指数分析赤道中东太平洋与大气信息传递特征的季节变化和年代际变化.研究结果表明,海洋信息源主要分布在热带地区,大气信息汇主要分布在中纬度地区,从热带地区到中纬度地区,海洋对大气的强迫作用在减弱,而大气对海洋的强迫作用在增强;不同区域不同层次的高度场对赤道中东太平洋海表温度有着不同的响应,热带中东太平洋上空高度场最大延迟为4个月.欧亚大陆中部上空和北美大陆上空高度场均随时间延迟呈现波动性变化:欧亚大陆中部上空高度场随时间延迟呈现增强的趋势,而北美大陆上空高度场随时间延迟呈现减弱的趋势.海表温度指数对热带中东太平洋上空850 hPa和欧亚大陆中部上空500 hPa高度场指数的传递熵以2000 s最弱,而海表温度指数对北美大陆上空700 hPa高度场指数的传递熵以2000 s最强.表明不同年代际背景下不同区域大气对赤道中东太平洋海表温度异常的响应是不同的.然而不同季节的响应却十分相似:冬季最强,秋季次之,春季再次,夏季最弱.     

洛伦兹光谱线型的高层大气风场被动探测原理分析

通过探测高层大气中气辉(极光)辐射线的多普勒频移,可以反演出高层大气中的速度、温度和压强等物理量。以高层大气中的极光(原子氧跃迁所辐射的两条主要谱线)为被探测源,对于洛伦兹光谱线型高层大气风场的探测原理和方法进行了研究;给出了基于洛伦兹光谱线型高层大气的速度场、温度场和压力场的分布规律和理论计算公式;采用计算机模拟,描绘了洛伦兹光谱线型风场的误差曲线,表明了洛伦兹光谱线型在高层大气风场探测中占有相当重要的地位。     

Spectral properties of partially coherent azimuthally polarized beam in a turbulent atmosphere

In this paper, based on the extended Huygens–Fresnel integral formula, the analytical expression for the beam coherence-polarization (BCP) matrix of the partially coherent azimuthally polarized (PCAP) beams propagating in turbulent atmosphere has been derived. The distribution of the spectral density, the spectral degree of polarization, the spectral degree of coherence and the spectral degree of cross-polarization of the PCAP beams propagating in turbulent atmosphere with different coherences in the source are investigated in detail. It is shown by numerical results and analysis that the distribution of the spectral properties of the PCAP beam will change on propagation in a turbulent atmosphere, and this change is dependent upon the degree of coherence of the source beam and atmospheric turbulence. It is also shown that even through the source beam is chosen as δ_gxx ≠ δ_gyy the distribution of the spectral density, the spectral degree of polarization, the spectral degree of coherence and the spectral degree of cross-polarization in the far field tends to symmetrical profile.     

相干合成光束在湍流大气中的传输

分析了湍流大气对相干合成光束传输的影响,根据广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,对相干合成光束在不同强度湍流大气中传输进行计算,对接收平面处的光强分布的统计特性,如桶中功率(PIB)曲线、局部功率曲线进行比较.研究结果表明,较弱的湍流大气对相干合成光束的传输影响较小,接收平面的光强分布以及PIB曲线基本不变;随着湍流强度的增大,相干合成光束的光强分布和PIB曲线产生显著变化,光斑扩展和能量的弥散速度加快,光束的能量集中度显著降低.计算了湍流大气传输后光束的空间相干度,认为空间相干度下降是降低相干合成效果的原因,对如何降低湍流大气的影响进行讨论.     

Variations in the optical and IR transparency of the Earth’s atmosphere under the action of cosmic rays and change in the thermodynamic parameters of the atmosphere

The effect of cosmic rays on the transparency of the Earth’s atmosphere and variations in its thermodynamic parameters is analyzed. Possible reasons for the change in the atmospheric transparency are considered. It is shown that variations in the transparency lead to a change in the temperature (and, therefore, pressure) distribution in the Earth’s atmosphere, as a result of which cosmic rays may affect the Earth’s climate.