一种基于旋转调谐的超材料

数值仿真研究了一种可调谐的双开口谐振环(DSRR)超材料.在平行入射的电磁波激励下,这种DSRR单元可以在不同的频段分别表现出磁谐振和电谐振.当外加电场E与DSRR的双开口平行时,DSRR受激励得到的磁谐振和电谐振强度最大.随着DSRR超材料沿外加磁场H方向顺时针旋转,其磁谐振和电谐振频率基本保持不变,但谐振强度均发生显著下降,同时对应透射相位的突变也逐渐降低.提出的超材料调谐方法只需要简单地旋转材料,而不需要改变原有超材料单元的结构或者增加额外的激励场,极大地简化了可调谐超材料的制备及应用,在电磁开关、相位调制等方面具有潜在的应用.同时,这种简单的方法有希望应用于更高频段的超材料调谐,可以有效地拓展太赫兹频段和光频段超材料的实际应用.     

基于钛酸锶钡介电非线性效应的可调谐太赫兹人工电磁媒质

数值仿真研究了内嵌钛酸锶钡薄膜夹层的金属网格谐振单元人工电磁媒质的谐振行为. 垂直电磁波激励下, 电磁响应频率随着内嵌夹层钛酸锶钡薄膜介电常数的变大呈现红移, 调谐率为22.6%. 本文提出的人工电磁媒质调谐方法只需要以结构单元的上下两层金属图形本身作为电极对内嵌夹层钛酸锶钡薄膜施加电压, 极大地简化了可调谐人工电磁媒质的制备及应用, 在太赫兹人工电磁媒质调制器等方面具有潜在的应用. 关键词： 人工电磁媒质 钛酸锶钡薄膜 介电非线性 调谐     

基于电磁谐振分离的宽带低雷达截面超材料吸波体

基于超材料的电磁谐振特性, 设计、制作了一种极化无关的宽带低雷达散射截面 (radar cross section, RCS)超材料吸波体. 通过场分布和反演法分析了其吸波机理, 利用波导法和空间波法测试了其吸波率和RCS特性. 理论分析表明: 在平面波的作用下, 该吸波体对某一吸波频率在不同的位置分别提供电谐振和磁谐振, 对不同的吸波频率, 利用不同的介质层提供主要的能量损耗, 从而有效减弱了电磁耦合, 保证了宽频带的强吸收特性. 实验结果表明: 设计的三层结构吸波体吸波率达90%以上的带宽是单层结构的4.25倍, RCS减缩10 dB以上的带宽为5.1%, 其单元尺寸为0.17λ, 厚度仅为0.015λ. 该吸波体的低RCS特性还具有极化无关、宽入射角的特点, 且通过改变吸波体的夹层结构可以实现工作带宽的灵活调节. 关键词： 超材料吸波体 雷达散射截面 宽带 电磁谐振     

基于石墨烯和二氧化钒的太赫兹宽带可调谐超材料吸收器

太赫兹超材料吸收器作为一种重要的太赫兹功能器件,被广泛应用于生物医学传感、电磁隐身、军用雷达等多个领域。但这种传统的超材料吸收器结构具有可调谐性差、功能单一、性能指标不足等缺点,已经无法满足复杂多变的电磁环境的要求,因此可调谐超材料吸收器逐渐成为了太赫兹功能器件领域的研究热点。为实现超材料吸收器吸收特性的调谐,通常从调节谐振单元或基底材料的电磁特性或调节超材料结构单元的几何尺寸两个方面出发。设计了一种基于石墨烯和二氧化钒的太赫兹宽带可调谐超材料吸收器。该吸收器由工字型二氧化钒谐振层、连续石墨烯层和被Topas介质隔开的金属反射层组成。数值模拟结果表明,当二氧化钒材料处于全金属状态（电导率为200 000 S·m-1）且石墨烯的费米能级设为0.1 eV时,吸收率超过90%的吸收带宽达到了2.8 THz。通过调节石墨烯的费米能级,使其在0.1～0.3 eV之间变化时,该吸收器的工作频率发生了明显的蓝移。由于二氧化钒材料从绝缘状态到金属状态的相变特性,通过控制电导率使其在100～200 000 S·m-1之间变化时,所提出的宽频结构在反射器和吸收器两种工作状态之间自由切换。此外,还分别监测了该超材料吸收器在1.87,3.04和4.16 THz三个完美吸收峰处的表面电流分布,讨论了其工作机理。所设计的结构通过石墨烯和二氧化钒两个独立可调“开关”实现了对吸收器工作频率和吸收振幅的双重控制,为设计多功能太赫兹器件提供了新的发展思路。     

含双挡板金属-电介质-金属波导耦合方形腔的独立调谐双重Fano共振特性

基于表面等离子激元在亚波长结构的传输特性,设计了一种含双挡板金属-电介质-金属波导耦合两个方形腔的结构.由F-P谐振腔产生的宽谱模式与两个方形谐振腔产生的两个窄谱模式发生干涉作用,形成了独立调谐的双重Fano共振,而且可以通过改变两个方形腔的大小及填充介质实现双重Fano共振的独立调谐.基于耦合模理论,定性分析了该结构产生双重Fano共振的机理.利用有限元仿真的方法,定量分析了结构参数对可独立调谐双重Fano共振和折射率传感特性的影响.结果表明,优化参数后该结构的灵敏度分别高达1020和1120 nm/RIU, FOM值分别高达3.59×10~5和1.17×10~6.该结构可为超快光开关、多功能高灵敏度传感器和慢光器件的光学集成提供有效的理论参考.     

基于超材料结构的小型化可调滤波器

为了提高频谱资源的利用率,解决传统滤波器组体积大的问题,利用开口环结构的超材料具有高集成度的特性,设计了一款整体尺寸仅为15mm×20mm的滤波器.基于时域有限积分法分析了开口环结构滤波器的反射系数曲线与电磁参数之间的响应特性,通过在开口环缝隙处加载可调谐的二极管器件,实现了超材料滤波器在X波段(10.9~12GHz)的连续可调,扩展了滤波器的工作频带.该可调谐超材料滤波器的工作带宽达11.0%,通带内回波损耗最小值为32dB,插入损耗最大值为0.38dB,具有高集成度、宽频带、通带内选频特性良好的特点.     

对称平面特异材料中的类Fano谐振(英文)

从理论和实验上研究了一种具有C3对称性的平面特异材料中的类Fano谐振模式。该平面特异材料由互补劈裂开口环谐振器(CSRRs)周期排列而成,每个原胞包含3个缝隙,具有三度旋转对称性。当水平偏振的电磁波入射到该结构时,具有高品质因子的类Fano谐振模式可以被激励,透过率频谱上表现为尖锐的谐振峰。该类Fano谐振由单元内3个CSRR局域模式的平面内耦合形成的对称态和反对称态耦合产生,在传感器、滤波器方面有广阔的应用前景。     

超薄电磁屏蔽光窗超材料吸波器EI北大核心CSCD

提出并验证了一种新型超薄微波超材料吸波器设计。该超材料吸波器由三层金属结构层和两层介质材料层组合而成,并采用两个相同的金属圆环作为双层复合谐振结构单元。该设计与传统的单层谐振结构单元相比,不仅大大减小了吸波器整体结构厚度,而且有效提高了电磁波吸收率。利用有限元电磁模拟对该吸波器内部的空间电磁场及表面电流分布进行仿真与分析,阐述了其电磁吸波物理机理。模拟和实验结果均证实该吸波器具有极化不敏感及宽角度入射稳定特性。该超薄超材料电磁吸波器整体结构简单,占空比低,在电磁屏蔽光窗等领域具有潜在应用。     

太赫兹波段超材料的制作、设计及应用

本文从制作方法、结构设计和材料选择几方面综述了超材料在太赫兹波段的电磁响应特性和潜在应用。首先,介绍了获得不同维度、具有特异电磁响应以及结构可调超材料的各种微加工制作方法,进而分析和讨论了超材料的电磁响应特性。文中指出,结构设计可以控制超材料的电磁响应特性,如各向异性、双各向异性、偏振调制、多频响应、宽带响应、不对称透射、旋光性和超吸收等。超材料的电磁响应依赖于周围微环境的介电性质,因而可用于制作对环境敏感的传感器件。此外,电光、磁光、相变、温度敏感等功能材料的引入可以获得光场、电场、磁场、温度等主动控制的太赫兹功能器件。最后,简单介绍了超材料在太赫兹波段进一步发展所面临的机遇和挑战。     

基于石墨烯振幅可调的宽带类电磁诱导透明超材料设计

基于石墨烯的电控特性提出了一种由金属线谐振器和"H"型谐振器组成的宽带可调的类电磁诱导透明(类EIT)超材料结构.首先,利用CST Microwave Studio软件对该超材料结构的透射特性进行了仿真.该结构在1.05—1.46 THz内的透射窗由金属线谐振器的等离子谐振和"H"型谐振器的电感-电容谐振干涉相消引起,且暗模式谐振器的数量增多导致了透射窗带宽的增加.其次,仿真模拟了该结构在不同石墨烯费米能级下的透射特性.当石墨烯费米能级由0 eV逐渐增加到1.5 eV时,该结构透射窗在1.05—1.46 THz内的平均透射振幅由87%逐渐减少到25%,实现了宽带可调.同时,通过仿真模拟该结构在1.26 THz下的电场分布对其透射机理进行了分析,并实验制备了类EIT超材料结构样品,且利用太赫兹时域光谱对样品进行了透射性能测试,测试结果与仿真分析的趋势基本一致.     

Thermal tunability in terahertz metamaterials fabricated on strontium titanate single-crystal substrates

We report an experimental demonstration of thermal tuning of resonance frequency in a planar terahertz metamaterial consisting of a gold split-ring resonator array fabricated on a bulk single-crystal strontium titanate (SrTiO?) substrate. Cooling the metamaterial starting from 409 K down to 150 K causes about a 43% shift in resonance frequency, and there is very little variation in resonance strength. The resonance shift is due to the temperature-dependent dielectric constant of the strontium titanate. The experiment opens up avenues for designing tunable terahertz devices by exploiting the temperature-sensitive characteristic of high dielectric constant substrates and complex metal oxide materials.     

Tuning the resonance in high-temperature superconducting terahertz metamaterials

In this Letter, we present resonance properties in terahertz metamaterials consisting of a split-ring resonator array made from high-temperature superconducting films. By varying the temperature, we observe efficient metamaterial resonance switching and frequency tuning. The results are well reproduced by numerical simulations of metamaterial resonance using the experimentally measured complex conductivity of the superconducting film. We develop a theoretical model that explains the tuning features, which takes into account the resistive resonance damping and additional split-ring inductance contributed from both the real and imaginary parts of the temperature-dependent complex conductivity. The theoretical model further predicts more efficient resonance tuning in metamaterials consisting of a thinner superconducting split-ring resonator array, which are also verified in subsequent experiments.     

Near-infrared metamaterial films with reconfigurable transmissive/reflective properties

A near-infrared metamaterial design that is reconfigurable between almost completely transmissive and reflective states is presented. The reconfiguration is enabled by tuning the anisotropic nematic liquid crystals used as a spacer layer between two silver nanoplates in a planar doubly periodic metamaterial. The design is optimized for maximum difference in transmittance between the two states by using a genetic algorithm. For a linearly polarized illumination at normal incidence, full-wave electromagnetic analysis predicts that the optimized metamaterial film can change the transmittance between 98.7% and 0.1% at a wavelength of 1.1 microm.     

Near field imaging in microwave regime using double layer split-ring resonator based metamaterial

A planar metamaterial structure consisting of two layers of split-ring resonator (SRR) arrays is demonstrated to form the image of a point source with subwavelength resolution. The source frequency is swept through the resonance gap of the metamaterial layers and the lateral field intensity distribution is recorded on the transmission side of the metamaterial. When the source is tuned to the resonance frequency of SRRs, the metamaterial acts as a high permeability medium and a distinct image with subwavelength resolution in the lateral direction is obtained. Increasing the distance between the individual SRR layers reduces the interlayer coupling, and the intensity and spatial resolution of the image decrease rapidly.     

Sharp trapped-mode resonances in planar metamaterials with a broken structural symmetry

We report that a resonance response with a very high quality factor can be achieved in a planar metamaterial by introducing symmetry breaking in the shape of its structural elements, which enables excitation of trapped modes, i.e., modes that are weakly coupled to free space.     

Retrieval of the effective constitutive parameters from metamaterial absorbers

The equivalent medium theory of metamaterials provides a way to obtain their effective constitutive parameters. However, because of its non-reciprocity, the complexity of the electromagnetic coupling, and a metallic bottom layer, it has been challenging to retrieve them from a metamaterial absorber. In this paper, we propose a method without any approximation to obtain them, in which the non-reciprocity and the strong electromagnetic coupling are included. Compared with the three methods such as symmetric metamaterial method, asymmetric metamaterial method and metasurface method, our method can reveal the metamaterial absorber's electrical and magnetic resonance and show its electromagnetic coupling coefficients. To deal with a metamaterial absorber with a metallic bottom layer, four corners of the metallic bottom layer in the unit cell are removed, making it possible to retrieve the electromagnetic parameters. Surprisingly, these results show that the metamaterial absorber with a metallic bottom layer in our example operates in a negative refraction state at the half absorption frequencies, which helps further understand the absorbing mechanism of these metamaterial absorbers.     

交指电容加载的周期性对称负磁导率人工材料研究

利用二端口网络理论和弗洛奎定理, 详细分析了周期性对称磁谐振人工材料的相对布洛赫磁导率与散射矩阵参数的关系, 利用这个关系提取了四种形式的开口谐振环布洛赫磁导率. 全波仿真和磁导率数值提取结果表明, 在开口谐振环的开口处加载交指电容, 磁谐振频率将显著降低. 这些成果将为提取周期性人工材料的布洛赫磁导率提供理论依据, 同时为小型化磁谐振特异人工材料提供新的设计思路.     

Terahertz bandpass filters using double-stacked metamaterial layers

Bandpass filters are reported based on double-stacked metamaterial layers separated by an air gap for operation at terahertz frequencies. Several stacking configurations were investigated designed for a ~0.5 THz center frequency. The filters exhibited improved spectral transmission properties when compared with conventional ones based on single metamaterial layers. 3 dB bandwidth of ~78 GHz and sidelobe suppression ratio >16 dB were determined when symmetric or asymmetric double layers were stacked. We demonstrate that superior frequency selectivity can be achieved when metamaterial layers with different unit cells are used. Good agreement was found between measured and simulated transmission response.     

Tunable band gaps in an inertant metamaterial plate with two-degree-of-freedom local resonance

This article presents an inertant metamaterial plate with two-degree-of-freedom (TDOF) local resonance. It is theoretically investigated with dispersion relation, effective density, and group velocity, and phase velocity to show the unique acoustic performance. Results show that the metamaterial plate can generate two tunable band gaps with a single mass attached by tuning the distance of springs to the centroid of mass due to the extra rotation of the mass. Simultaneously, the band gaps can also be tuned to the lower frequency range by exploiting the inerter. Effective mass density shows negative within the band gaps, and is also tuned by the attached spring-mass and inerter. Finally, within specific frequency ranges, the group velocity is negative which manifests the metamaterial plate behaves abnormal dispersion.     

基于电磁谐振的极化无关透射吸收超材料吸波体

仿真并实验验证了基于电磁谐振的极化无关透射吸收超材料吸波体, 该吸波体可以实现低频透射和高频吸收.实验测试结果表明, 该吸波体在6.77 GHz 吸收率峰值为83.6%, 半功率带宽为4.3%, 实现窄带强吸收.为进一步拓展该谐振型超材料吸波体的吸收带宽, 利用其低频透射特性, 将两个工作于不同频段的吸波体叠加在一起, 测试结果表明, 复合后超材料吸波体的半功率带宽可以增大到10.9%, 吸收率也略有增强. 该超材料吸波体设计简单, 具有较强的实用性和应用前景. 关键词： 极化无关 透射吸收 超材料吸波体