In_nAs_n(n=1～20)小团簇几何结构与电子性质的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法,采用B3LYP下的赝势基组LanL2DZ,研究了In_nAs_n（n=1～20）团簇的基态几何结构、相对稳定性、电子性质及其振动光谱.结果表明,当n=5～11时团簇的基态构型为层状结构;当n=12～20时团簇的基态构型为笼状结构.团簇平均结合能、二阶能量差分和HOMO-LUMO能隙均在n=9,12,18出现极大值,说明In₉ As₉、In₁₂ As₁₂和In₁₈ As₉18)为幻数团簇.另外,HOMO-LUMO能隙的计算结果表明In_nAs_n（n=1～20）团簇具有宽带隙半导体特征.     

NiMgn(n=1-12)团簇的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)中的广义梯度近似(GGA),在考虑自旋多重度的情况下,对NiMgn(n=1-12)团簇进行了构型优化,频率分析和电子性质计算.结果表明:n=1,2时,体系的基态为自旋三重态,n≥3时.为单重态;Ni原子掺杂使主团簇结构发生了明显变化.n≤8时,三角双锥,四角双锥结构主导着NiMgn基态团簇的生长行为;n在9-12之间时,主团簇Mgn 1(n=1-12)的基于三棱柱构型的基态演化行为发生了一定程度的改变;n≥6时,Ni原子陷入了主团簇内部;掺杂使体系的平均结介能增大,能隙减小;n=4,6,10是团簇的幻数;不同尺寸团簇的s,p,d轨道杂化中,Ni原子3d,4p成分所起作用不同;NiMg6基态结构具有很高的对称性(Oh),很好的稳定性和化学活性,能隙仪为0.25 eV.     

WnSi20,±（n=1-5）团簇结构与光谱的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论（DFT）在B3LYP/Lanl2dz水平上对WnSi20,±（n=1-5）团簇的各种可能构型进行了几何结构优化,预测了各团簇的基态结构。并对基态构型的平均结合能、能隙、红外光谱及拉曼光谱进行了系统的理论分析。结果表明：WnSi20,±（n=2-5）团簇的基态结构及亚稳态结构中的Si-Si原子不成键,W5Si20,±团簇的基态构型与W7团簇的基态构型相似,W3Si2＋团簇的基态构型与W50,±团簇的基态构型相似;W5Si2－团簇是比较理想的复合材料;WnSi20,±（n=1-5）团簇的所有IR吸收峰都属于红外光谱中的指纹区的特征吸收区域;除W4Si2－团簇外,其它团簇都具有非刚性特性。     

WnSi20,±（n=1-5）团簇结构与光谱的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论（DFT）在B3LYP/Lanl2dz水平上对WnSi20,±（n=1-5）团簇的各种可能构型进行了几何结构优化,预测了各团簇的基态结构。并对基态构型的平均结合能、能隙、红外光谱及拉曼光谱进行了系统的理论分析。结果表明：WnSi20,±（n=2-5）团簇的基态结构及亚稳态结构中的Si-Si原子不成键,W5Si20,±团簇的基态构型与W7团簇的基态构型相似,W3Si2＋团簇的基态构型与W50,±团簇的基态构型相似;W5Si2－团簇是比较理想的复合材料;WnSi20,±（n=1-5）团簇的所有IR吸收峰都属于红外光谱中的指纹区的特征吸收区域;除W4Si2－团簇外,其它团簇都具有非刚性特性。     

WnSi02,±(n=1～5)团簇结构与光谱的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)在B3LYP/Lanl2dz水平上对WnSi0,2±(n=1～5)团簇的各种可能构型进行了几何结构优化,预测了各团簇的基态结构.并对基态构型的平均结合能、能隙、红外光谱及拉曼光谱进行了系统的理论分析.结果表明:WnSi0,2±(n=2～5)团簇的基态结构及亚稳态结构中的Si-Si原子不成键,W5Si0,2±团簇的基态构型与W7团簇的基态构型相似,W3Si2+团簇的基态构型与W0,5±团簇的基态构型相似;W5Si2-团簇是比较理想的复合材料;WnSi0,2±(n=1～5)团簇的所有IR吸收峰都属于红外光谱中的指纹区的特征吸收区域;除W4Si2-团簇外,其它团簇都具有非刚性特性.     

(PbSn)n(n=1～10)合金团簇稳定性及金属性的研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理研究了合金团簇(PbSn)n(n=1～10)的稳定性及金属性.结果显示:同比例铅锡合金团簇具有与单质铅、锡团簇相同的幻数尺寸,但结构特点却与单质团簇不同,铅、锡原子间首先各自形成单质团簇,然后再结合成合金团簇,且表现出松散型与密堆积型的有机结合.另外,(PbSn)n(n=1～10)团簇构型在N=14处发生突变:类似于密堆积构型向层状转变,同时HOMO-LUMO能隙具有先增大后减小的趋势,并出现微弱的半导体向金属转变的行为,而且团簇原子总数为20的HOMO-LUMO能隙较相同尺寸单质团簇的还低,说明合金团簇具有比单质团簇更好的导电性.     

铟团簇结构和电子性质的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函方法研究了Inn(n=2-7)团簇的稳定结构和电子性质。结果表明：自旋多重度对结构的影响不大;对于基态结构,n≤5时为平面结构,n≥6时为立体结构,n=6为结构转变点;平均结合能曲线随团簇尺寸增大逐渐平缓;能隙、结合能的二阶差分和电离势随团簇尺寸的变化趋势完全一致,均反映出In4团簇的基态结构较为稳定,具有较强的非金属性。     

第一性原理对Si_nMg(n=1～12)团簇结构、稳定性与电子性质的研究

运用密度泛函理论(DFT)的杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法,在6-311G基组水平上对SinMg(n=1～12)团簇进行了构型优化、频率分析与电子性质计算.同时讨论了团簇的平均结合能、能级间隙、二阶能量差分、自然电子布居、极化率.研究结果表明:SinMg(n=1～12)团簇的基态绝大多数为立体结构.n=1时,体系的基态为自旋三重度,n≥2时,则为单重态.镁原子的掺入使得主团簇的电子性质发生了明显的变化,掺杂使体系的平均结合能降低,能隙减小,化学硬度减小,电子亲和能增大.电子总是从Mg原子向Si原子转移.团簇中原子之间的成键相互作用随n的增大而增强,团簇的电子结构随n的增大而趋于紧凑.     

密度泛函理论研究Bn Ni(n=6-12)团簇的结构和磁性

基于第一性原理,用密度泛函理论中的广义梯度近似(generalized gradient approximation,GGA)方法,在充分考虑自旋多重度的前提下,优化并得到了Bn(n=6一12)和BnNi(n=6-12)团簇的平衡构型,按照能量最低原理确定其基态结构.Bn团簇的计算结果与已有的理论结果相一致.当Ni原子掺杂在Bn团簇中,B12Ni团簇的基态结构为平面结构,其余均为三维结构.基态结构的自旋多重度除了n=8以外呈现2,l交替的规律.计算团簇基态结构的平均结合能(Eb)、团簇能量的二阶差分(△2 E)和能隙(HOMO.I.UMO,gap)均表明,l=8为B.Ni(,l=6一12)团簇的幻数,即B8Ni团簇较相邻团簇稳定.计算团簇的磁矩表明B8Ni团簇磁矩最大(2цB),团簇总磁矩和平均磁矩随团簇尺寸增大呈现奇偶振荡趋势且磁矩主要由Ni原子的3d轨道提供.     

中性及其带电Cu_n(n=12-16)团簇体系的几何和电子结构的密度泛函理论研究

结合半经验Gupta原子间相互作用势及遗传算法,采用密度泛函方法系统计算研究了中性及带电Cu_n、Cu_n~±(n=12-16)团簇的基态与低激发态的几何结构与电子结构.结果表明:带电明显影响团簇结构稳定性,除Cu_(12)~-及Cu_(15)~+基态结构与相应中性团簇(Cu_(12)及Cu_(15)一致外,其它带电团簇基态结构与相应中性团簇均不相同;带电对团簇近基态同分异构现象也产生影响,全部带正电Cu_n~+(n=12-16)团簇均出现近基态同分异构体,而对中性及带负电团簇同分异构现象并不明显;计算所得Cu_n(n=12-16)团簇的电子离化能、电子亲和势及能隙的变化趋势均与实验结果相一致.     

Calculation of energy characteristics of adsorption of metals

Within the framework of the electron density functional, a technique is developed for calculation of the adsorption energy and variation in the electron work function for metal substrates due to metal atom adsorption. The corrections to the local density approximation, which are associated with non-uniformity of the electron density in the subsurface region and discontinuous ion charge distribution over the crystal lattice sites, are included into consideration. It is shown that adsorption of alkali metal atoms results in lower electron work function, while that of transition metals (cobalt, iron, and chromium) might both decrease and increase the electron work function. Formation of a variety of adsorption structures from metal atoms depending on the temperature is discussed. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 7, pp. 14–19, July, 2007.     

Study of non-contact sensors of biophysical parameters of the human organism and the development of methods of coherent diffractometry of biological micro-objects

In this paper, we present the results of the study of laboratory mockups of optoelectronic sensing elements of speckle sensors of the velocity of the capillary blood flow in the human skin, pulse wave dynamics, and skin pathologies. Furthermore, the model of a multipurpose optical Fourier processor, which makes it possible to obtain information on objects under study simultaneously in the spectral form and as an image, is considered.     

Effect on zero drift of accuracy of reciprocal tuning of elements of fiber-optic interferometer

The effect of the accuracy of reciprocal tuning of the elements of a fiber-optic interferometer (FOI) — laser, polarizer, and eigenaxes of single-mode-fiber (SMF) birefringence — is examined. It is shown that zero drift in the FOI consists of two parts — a constant part and a temperature-related variable part. Both of these parts are functions of the polarization state of the radiation at the entrance to the polarizer, the extinction coefficient of the polarized, and the orientation of the SMF eigenaxes with respect to the polarizer. The variable part of the zero drift is also a function of the birefringence and h-parameter of the SMF and the width of the radiation-source spectrum. Numerical estimates of FOI zero drift are made.Institute of Applied Physics, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 34, No. 7, pp. 817–824, July, 1991.     

混合物状态方程的计算

多介质流体动力学过程的数值模拟往往涉及混合物状态方程的计算. 做图法和Newton 法是混合物状态方程计算常采用的方法, 前者虽直观精度却差, 后者计算效率高却只具有局部收敛性, 当解与其初始猜测值相差较远时Newton法不一定能够获得收敛解. 为此, 本文给出一种具有大范围收敛性的嵌入算法(imbedding method)求解混合物状态方程, 其基本思想是通过引入嵌入参数, 将待解的混合物状态方程和易解的混合物状态方程线性组合, 构成嵌入方程组, 当嵌入参数从0连续地变化到1 时, 嵌入方程组的解由易解的混合物状态方程的解连续地变化为待解的混合物状态方程的解. 嵌入方程组可由Newton法迭代求解, 也可转化为以嵌入参数为自变量的常微分方程组, 从而易于由成熟的计算方法如梯形法等进行求解. 进一步利用热力学基本关系, Maxwell形式的微分方程描述了压力和温度随嵌入参数的演化速率与应变速率和组分质量分数演化速率的关系. 对铅锡混合物热力学量的计算表明了本文算法的有效性.     

Model of stochastization of the oscillatory regime of superradiance

Based on the analysis of the experimental data on the observation of the fluorescence and superradiance of praseodymium ions in a matrix of lanthanum trifluoride, a model of superradiance of three-level radiators with two close upper levels is developed in the mean-field approximation and studied. The uppermost level is coherently pumped by an ultrashort pulse of electromagnetic field, after which the excitation is transferred to the close energy level, from which the superradiance transition occurs to the lower level. In limiting cases, the considered model is reduced to the known models of superradiance and describes the ordinary regimes of monopulse and multipulse (oscillatory) superradiance. However, in a certain region of parameters, the model under discussion describes such a multipulse superradiance signal in which electromagnetic field spikes composing it follow in time with random intervals and amplitudes, so that the regime of regular chaotic dynamics is demonstrated in a single superradiance signal. In a certain time interval, the proposed model can be described by the Lorenz equations with the parameters corresponding to the chaotic dynamics of spikes composing the superradiance signal. The presented results of the numerical simulation of the model equations qualitatively correspond to the picture of stochastic pulsations observed experimentally.     

Investigation of lasing of dyes under the influence of the radiation of copper-vapor lasers

A study is made of the possibility of improving the laser properties of dyes pumped by the radiation of a copper-vapor laser, the choice of dye mixtures optimal from the point of view of producing stimulated emission, and the influence of the solvent on these properties, the aim being to obtain optimal energy parameters in an instrument based on a copper-vapor laser and an optical attachment.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnhykh Zavedemii, Fizika, No. 10, pp. 44–48, October, 1980.     

Role of interactions of triplets of atoms in the formation of elastic properties of cubic crystals

It is widely known that the interaction of triplets of particles (which are not reducible to the sum of pair interactions) play an important role in formation the nonlinear and anisotropic properties of crystals. The aim of this work is to establish a general form of the dependence of these properties on interactions of triplets of atoms that is dependent only on the structure of the crystals. To separate the interactions of triplets of atoms from those of quadruples, we assume that the energy of triplets of interacting atoms depends only on the characteristics of a triangle whose vertices are the centers of gravity of interacting atoms. In this model, the internal energy must therefore be invariant upon rearrangement of the numbers of interacting atoms and any rotation of the triangle in isotropic space, P(3) × O(3). To specify the form of energy dependence on characteristics of selected triangles, we constructed an integral rational basis of invariants in dependence on the components of the vectors connecting the vertices of each triangle. Using the example of a simple dependence of the energy on basic invariants, we show how to move from the assumed energy dependence on invariants to the dependence of energy on lattice sums.     

Rectangularity of hysteresis loop of ferrites as a function of volume of reverse domains in state of remanence

A study is made of the dependence of the coefficient of rectangularity of the hysteresis loop of ferrites of the Li-Mn-Mg and Mg-Mn-Zn system on the volume concentration of residual reverse domains. The latter is calculated from the results of measurements of the relative remanence on the basis of a model developed. It is shown that a high degree of loop rectangularity can be attained not only in the absence of reverse domains but also in the presence of a considerable volume concentration of such domains.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 6, pp. 109–114, June, 1978.     

在磁场作用下水的特性的变化和它的变化机理

我们研究了在磁场作用下水的光学性质和电学性质等的变化,实验发现它们的这些特性和未受磁场作用的水有重大改变特别是在红外光谱和拉曼光谱中的变化更加明显,这种现象就称为水的磁化。我们从水的中红外光谱得知在3000~3800 cm-1的范围内有奇特的六个峰值存在,从水分子结构和红外光谱的特性出发了解到它们分别代表了自由水分子的OH键的对称与反对称的振动,众多水分子通过氢键连接而成的线性链和环形链的OH键的对称与反对称振动,于是从这个实验我们看到了在这个水中存在有众多水分子结合成的环形氢键链的存在。我们用水分子的极化特性,一阶相变的特性和实验进一步证实了这些环形链的客观存在,根据质子或氢离子在氢键系统中传递理论得知在磁场的罗仑兹力作用下处于水中环形氢键链中质子能够进行传导产生环形电流.这些环形电流象一个分子电流或是个小磁体,它们能彼此相互作用或与外加磁场相互作用,从而改变了水分子的分布和结构状态,导致了水的一些特性的变化,这就是水的磁化的分子机理,我们用这个机理解释了我们从实验中所发现的磁处理过的水的特性如饱和效应和记忆效应等,因此这是非常有趣的实验和现象.